Affinage

ERF

ETS domain-containing transcription factor ERF · UniProt P50548

Length
548 aa
Mass
58.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ERF (ETS2 Repressor Factor) is a ubiquitously deployed ETS-domain transcriptional repressor that couples RAS/ERK signaling to control of proliferation, differentiation, and tumor suppression (PMID:10330152, PMID:17699159). Its activity is governed by subcellular partitioning: ERK directly phosphorylates ERF and drives its cytoplasmic export upon mitogenic stimulation, whereas growth factor withdrawal or MEK inhibition triggers dephosphorylation, nuclear re-entry, and repression of target genes, with phosphorylation-defective ERF arresting cells in G0/G1 and suppressing Ras-induced tumorigenicity (PMID:10330152). Nuclear ERF enforces an anti-proliferative program in part by repressing c-Myc transcription in an E2F4/5-dependent manner, an effect required for c-Myc down-regulation upon growth factor withdrawal (PMID:17699159). ERF acts as a tumor suppressor by occupying consensus ETS sites in competition with oncogenic ETS factors: it antagonizes ERG (the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion product) in prostate cancer, where ERF mutations destabilize the protein and ERG displaces ERF from chromatin (PMID:28614298), co-represses ETV1 together with CIC at 19q13 (PMID:36383412), and competes with EWSR1-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma (PMID:35952322). The same nuclear-ERF axis mediates the cellular response to RAS/MEK/ERK inhibition, as Erf deletion rescues the proliferative and differentiation defects of RAS-null embryonic stem cells by acting at pluripotency and RAS-target enhancers (PMID:29650524). Developmentally, ERF is required for extraembryonic ectoderm differentiation and placental labyrinth formation (PMID:17502352) and for primary neurogenesis (PMID:23824578), and it directly represses γ-globin (HBG) by binding ETS motifs in the HBG promoter, with its loss reactivating fetal hemoglobin (PMID:33735615).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 1997 Medium

    Establishing the ERF locus and its autoregulatory promoter framed ERF as an ETS-family gene whose own transcription is ETS-controlled.

    Evidence FISH, genomic cloning, and promoter deletion assays in human and mouse

    PMID:9136988

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define which ETS proteins occupy the ERF promoter EBS
    • No functional readout of ERF protein activity
  2. 1999 High

    Identifying ERK as the direct kinase controlling ERF nucleocytoplasmic shuttling answered how RAS/MAPK signaling switches ERF activity on and off and linked it to growth control.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro kinase and in vivo phosphorylation assays, phospho-site mutagenesis, localization imaging, and tumorigenicity assays

    PMID:10330152

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional targets of nuclear ERF not yet identified
    • Export machinery mediating cytoplasmic relocalization not defined
  3. 2007 High

    Pinpointing c-Myc as a repression target and demonstrating placental requirement connected ERF's molecular activity to concrete proliferative and developmental phenotypes.

    Evidence Reporter assays, ChIP, c-Myc KO MEF rescue, and Erf-null mouse and trophoblast stem cell models

    PMID:17502352 PMID:17699159

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of E2F4/5-dependent recruitment to the c-Myc promoter not structurally resolved
    • Full set of developmental ERF targets beyond c-Myc unknown
  4. 2011 Medium

    Linking ERF export to EGR1 de-repression and uncovering a migration phenotype raised the possibility of a cytoplasmic ERF function distinct from nuclear repression.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown, EGF stimulation, ChIP for EGR1 targets, microRNA profiling, and migration assays in mammary cells

    PMID:22198386

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of cytoplasmic ERF promoting migration not defined
    • Single cell system, single lab
  5. 2013 Medium

    Showing ERF (with Etv3l) is required for primary neurogenesis placed it at the intersection of retinoic acid and FGF/ETS signaling as an antagonist of pro-proliferative ETS factors.

    Evidence Morpholino loss-of-function and overexpression in Xenopus with neural progenitor marker analysis

    PMID:23824578

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct neural target genes of ERF not identified
    • Ortholog-based, redundancy with Etv3l not fully separated
  6. 2017 High

    Defining ERF as an ERG-antagonized prostate tumor suppressor established the competitive ETS-site occupancy model that unifies ERF's oncosuppressive activity.

    Evidence Prostate cancer genomic sequencing, ERG vs ERF ChIP-seq, Pten-null organoid and cell line models, and tumor growth assays

    PMID:28614298

    Open questions at the time
    • How ERF mutations reduce protein stability mechanistically not detailed
    • Cofactors distinguishing ERF from ERG occupancy not defined
  7. 2018 High

    Demonstrating that Erf deletion rescues RAS-null embryonic stem cells identified ERF as the key downstream effector mediating the cellular response to RAS/MEK/ERK inhibition.

    Evidence RAS-null mESCs with Erf deletion, ERF ChIP at pluripotency enhancers, and proliferation, differentiation, and teratoma assays

    PMID:29650524

    Open questions at the time
    • Which enhancer-bound ERF targets drive the rescue not resolved
    • Relevance to RAS-pathway-inhibitor therapy in tumors untested
  8. 2021 High

    Identifying ERF as a direct repressor of γ-globin via HBG promoter ETS motifs revealed an epigenetically regulated ERF axis controlling fetal hemoglobin switching.

    Evidence Bisulfite sequencing, RNA-seq, ERF/DNMT3A ChIP, ERF depletion in CD34+ and HUDEP-2 cells, and mouse transplantation

    PMID:33735615

    Open questions at the time
    • How DNMT3A is targeted to the ERF promoter not defined
    • Therapeutic window of ERF depletion for HbF induction untested
  9. 2022 Medium

    Extending the competition model to CIC/ERF co-repression of ETV1 and to EWSR1-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma generalized ERF's tumor-suppressive role across multiple oncogenic ETS contexts.

    Evidence Prostate tumor genomics with CIC/ERF ChIP co-binding and ETV1 targeting; ERF gain/loss with clonogenic, motility, RNA-seq, and xenograft assays in Ewing sarcoma

    PMID:35952322 PMID:36383412

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of ERF/CIC co-occupancy unresolved
    • Single-lab studies for each tumor context

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How nuclear ERF selects and silences specific target loci—its corepressor partnerships, the determinants of ETS-site competition with oncogenic factors, and the molecular basis of any cytoplasmic function—remains open.
  • No structural model of ERF on chromatin or in complex with ERG/EWSR1-FLI1
  • Corepressor machinery recruited by ERF unidentified
  • Mechanism of cytoplasmic ERF in migration unexplained

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4 GO:0003677 DNA binding 3
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 4 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2
Partners
CICDNMT3AE2F4E2F5ERGERKEWSR1-FLI1

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 ERF (ETS2 Repressor Factor) is physically associated with and directly phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by ERKs (Erks) downstream of Ras/MAPK signaling. This phosphorylation determines ERF subcellular localization: upon mitogenic stimulation, ERF is phosphorylated and exported to the cytoplasm; upon growth factor deprivation, ERF is dephosphorylated and transported back to the nucleus. Phosphorylation-defective ERF mutations suppress Ras-induced tumorigenicity and arrest cells at G0/G1. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, in vivo phosphorylation, site-directed mutagenesis (phospho-site to alanine), subcellular localization imaging, Erk inhibitor treatment, tumorigenicity assay Molecular and cellular biology High 10330152
2007 ERF mediates its anti-proliferative and tumor-suppressive function through repression of c-Myc transcription. ERF binds the c-Myc promoter in an E2F4/5-dependent manner specifically under conditions of low physiological c-Myc transcription. Nuclear ERF reduces c-Myc mRNA and tumorigenic potential. ERF-null primary fibroblasts fail to down-regulate c-Myc upon growth factor withdrawal, and elimination of c-Myc negates ERF's ability to suppress proliferation. Promoter reporter assays (luciferase), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in primary cells, overexpression and knockout cellular systems, Erf knockout animal models, c-Myc knockout MEF rescue experiments The Journal of biological chemistry High 17699159
2007 Homozygous deletion of Erf in mice blocks chorionic cell differentiation before chorioallantoic attachment, leading to a persisting chorion layer, absent labyrinth, and embryo death by 10.5 dpc. Erf expression in the developing placenta is restricted to the extraembryonic ectoderm after 7.5 dpc. Trophoblast stem cell lines from Erf-null blastocysts exhibit delayed differentiation and decreased spongiotrophoblast markers. Attenuation of FGF/Erk signaling and consequent nuclear Erf accumulation is required for extraembryonic ectoderm differentiation. Conditional/homozygous Erf knockout in mice, trophoblast stem cell lines from knockout blastocysts, in situ expression analysis, immunohistochemistry Molecular and cellular biology High 17502352
1997 The human ERF gene is located on chromosome 19q13.1 and consists of 4 exons spanning ~10 kb. The mouse Erf gene maps to the syntenic region of chromosome 7. The promoter region is highly conserved between human and mouse and contains an ETS binding site (EBS) whose removal seriously impairs promoter function, suggesting ERF transcription is regulated by ETS-domain proteins. FISH, somatic cell hybrid mapping, linkage analysis, genomic cloning, transfection promoter assays (deletion analysis) Oncogene Medium 9136988
2011 In human mammary cells stimulated with EGF, ERK-mediated phosphorylation of ERF causes its nuclear export. This releases ERF-mediated repression, allowing EGR1 induction (also via ERK-mediated down-regulation of miR-191). Unexpectedly, knockdown of ERF inhibited EGF-induced cell migration, implying a migratory role for cytoplasmic ERF molecules. ERF knockdown (RNAi), EGF vs. serum stimulation assays, ERK inhibitor treatment, ChIP for EGR1 targets, migration assays, microRNA profiling FASEB journal Medium 22198386
2013 In Xenopus, Erf and the closely related Etv3l are retinoic acid (RA)-inducible ETS repressors required for primary neurogenesis. Loss-of-function of Erf and Etv3l results in failure to inhibit proliferation of neural progenitors, preventing their differentiation. Overexpression of Erf increased the number of primary neurons. Erf and Etv3l are placed at the intersection of RA and FGF/ETS signaling, antagonizing pro-proliferative ETS factor activity. Loss-of-function (morpholino knockdown) in Xenopus embryos, overexpression, epistasis with RA and FGF pathways, neural progenitor marker analysis Development (Cambridge, England) Medium 23824578
2017 ERF functions as a prostate tumor suppressor that is counteracted by ERG (the oncogenic TMPRSS2-ERG fusion product). ERF mutations in prostate cancer (mostly in tumors without ERG upregulation) cause decreased ERF protein stability. ERF loss recapitulates ERG gain phenotypes including expansion of the androgen receptor transcriptional repertoire. ERG inhibits ERF binding to consensus ETS sites (shown by ChIP-seq), and ERF overexpression blocks ERG-dependent tumor growth while ERF loss rescues TMPRSS2-ERG-positive cells from ERG dependency, supporting a competition model at ETS binding sites. Genomic sequencing of prostate cancers, ChIP-seq (ERG vs ERF binding), mouse prostate organoid models (Pten-null background), ERF overexpression and knockdown in prostate cancer cell lines, tumor growth assays Nature High 28614298
2018 In mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), upon RAS deficiency or MEK inhibition, ERF translocates to the nucleus and binds to enhancers of pluripotency factors and key RAS targets. Deletion of Erf rescues the proliferative defects of RAS-devoid mESCs, restores their capacity to differentiate, and enables development of RAS-nullyzygous teratomas, identifying ERF as a key mediator of the cellular response to RAS/MEK/ERK inhibition. RAS-null mESC generation, Erf deletion in RAS-null background, ChIP (ERF binding to pluripotency enhancers), proliferation and differentiation assays, teratoma formation in vivo Genes & development High 29650524
2021 ERF represses γ-globin gene expression by directly binding to two consensus ETS motifs in the HBG promoter. DNMT3A-mediated hypermethylation of the ERF promoter leads to ERF downregulation, demethylation of γ-globin genes, reduced ERF binding at the HBG promoter, and re-activation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in β-thalassemia. ERF depletion markedly increased HbF production in CD34+ erythroid progenitor cells, HUDEP-2 cells, and transplanted NCG-Kit-V831M mice without affecting erythroid maturation. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, RNA-seq, ChIP (ERF and DNMT3A binding), siRNA/shRNA depletion of ERF in human CD34+ cells and HUDEP-2, mouse transplantation model, promoter binding analysis American journal of human genetics High 33735615
2022 ERF and CIC are co-deleted at chromosome 19q13.2 in human prostate tumors. CIC and ERF co-bind the proximal regulatory element of the ETS transcription factor ETV1 and mutually repress its expression. Concurrent CIC and ERF loss de-represses ETV1 to drive prostate oncogenesis, and targeting ETV1 in CIC/ERF-deficient prostate cancer limits tumor growth. Genomic analysis of human prostate tumors, ChIP (CIC and ERF co-binding), ERF/CIC loss-of-function in prostate cancer cell lines, ETV1 targeting (knockdown), tumor growth assays eLife Medium 36383412
2022 In Ewing sarcoma, ERF competes with the oncogenic fusion EWSR1-FLI1 at ETS-binding sites on chromatin. Increased ERF expression decreases tumor cell growth, colony formation, and motility; ERF loss induces cellular proliferation and clonogenic growth. Transcriptomic analysis reveals ERF loss increases expression of genes/pathways associated with aggressive tumor biology. ERF overexpression and knockdown in Ewing sarcoma cell lines, clonogenic and viability assays, motility assays, transcriptomic (RNA-seq) analysis, chromatin/epigenetic analysis (ChIP-based), in vivo xenograft validation JCO precision oncology Medium 35952322

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2011 AP2/ERF family transcription factors in plant abiotic stress responses. Biochimica et biophysica acta 822 21867785
2020 Advances in AP2/ERF super-family transcription factors in plant. Critical reviews in biotechnology 412 32522044
2004 Regulation of disease resistance pathways by AP2/ERF transcription factors. Current opinion in plant biology 366 15231271
2011 Functions and application of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family in crop improvement. Journal of integrative plant biology 256 21676172
2010 Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the AP2/ERF superfamily in Vitis vinifera. BMC genomics 203 21171999
2010 Kiwifruit EIL and ERF genes involved in regulating fruit ripening. Plant physiology 197 20457803
2014 The ERF transcription factor TaERF3 promotes tolerance to salt and drought stresses in wheat. Plant biotechnology journal 195 24393105
2008 Phylogeny, gene structures, and expression patterns of the ERF gene family in soybean (Glycine max L.). Journal of experimental botany 166 18832187
2012 AP2/ERF Transcription Factor in Rice: Genome-Wide Canvas and Syntenic Relationships between Monocots and Eudicots. Evolutionary bioinformatics online 132 22807623
2019 AP2/ERF Transcription Factors Integrate Age and Wound Signals for Root Regeneration. The Plant cell 115 31649122
2017 Multiple regulatory roles of AP2/ERF transcription factor in angiosperm. Botanical studies 115 28510189
2024 Understanding AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Responses and Tolerance to Various Abiotic Stresses in Plants: A Comprehensive Review. International journal of molecular sciences 111 38255967
1999 Transcriptional repressor ERF is a Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase target that regulates cellular proliferation. Molecular and cellular biology 96 10330152
2011 Genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of the ERF gene family in cucumbers. Genetics and molecular biology 92 22215967
2022 ERF subfamily transcription factors and their function in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Frontiers in plant science 91 36531407
2011 EGR1 and the ERK-ERF axis drive mammary cell migration in response to EGF. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 85 22198386
2020 ERF Gene Clusters: Working Together to Regulate Metabolism. Trends in plant science 84 32883605
2014 The AP2/ERF transcription factor SlERF52 functions in flower pedicel abscission in tomato. Journal of experimental botany 84 24744429
2021 AP2/ERF, an important cold stress-related transcription factor family in plants: A review. Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology 83 34616115
2017 ERF mutations reveal a balance of ETS factors controlling prostate oncogenesis. Nature 72 28614298
2018 Emerging role of the plant ERF transcription factors in coordinating wound defense responses and repair. Journal of cell science 69 29242229
2023 The AP2/ERF transcription factor PtoERF15 confers drought tolerance via JA-mediated signaling in Populus. The New phytologist 68 37691138
2019 An AP2/ERF transcription factor ERF139 coordinates xylem cell expansion and secondary cell wall deposition. The New phytologist 68 31125440
1999 The furin protease cleavage recognition sequence of Sindbis virus PE2 can mediate virion attachment to cell surface heparan sulfate. Journal of virology 65 10400721
2022 Osa-miR1320 targets the ERF transcription factor OsERF096 to regulate cold tolerance via JA-mediated signaling. Plant physiology 64 35522026
2024 An AP2/ERF transcription factor confers chilling tolerance in rice. Science advances 58 39196924
2022 Molecular Events of Rice AP2/ERF Transcription Factors. International journal of molecular sciences 58 36233316
1990 Expression of the cell surface antigens RET-PE2 and N-CAM by rat retinal pigment epithelial cells during development and in tissue culture. Experimental eye research 57 2249730
1996 Interactions between PE2, E1, and 6K required for assembly of alphaviruses studied with chimeric viruses. Journal of virology 56 8892914
2019 Mutually Regulated AP2/ERF Gene Clusters Modulate Biosynthesis of Specialized Metabolites in Plants. Plant physiology 54 31727678
2020 Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of AP2/ERF transcription factors in sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum L.). BMC genomics 53 33008299
1997 Role of glycoprotein PE2 in formation and maturation of the Sindbis virus spike. Journal of virology 53 8995682
2018 Genome-wide identification of AP2/ERF superfamily genes and their expression during fruit ripening of Chinese jujube. Scientific reports 51 30353116
2022 Genome-wide identification and expression profiling analysis of maize AP2/ERF superfamily genes reveal essential roles in abiotic stress tolerance. BMC genomics 50 35151253
2016 Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of AP2/ERF transcription factors family in Brachypodium distachyon. BMC genomics 45 27527343
1996 The polarity of the plasma membrane protein RET-PE2 in retinal pigment epithelium is developmentally regulated. Journal of cell science 44 9004037
1994 Lethality of PE2 incorporation into Sindbis virus can be suppressed by second-site mutations in E3 and E2. Journal of virology 44 7908062
2013 A genome-wide analysis of the ERF gene family in sorghum. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 42 23766026
2019 ERF-related craniosynostosis: The phenotypic and developmental profile of a new craniosynostosis syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 39 30758909
2022 Transcriptomic Identification of Wheat AP2/ERF Transcription Factors and Functional Characterization of TaERF-6-3A in Response to Drought and Salinity Stresses. International journal of molecular sciences 37 35328693
2016 Origination, Expansion, Evolutionary Trajectory, and Expression Bias of AP2/ERF Superfamily in Brassica napus. Frontiers in plant science 37 27570529
2022 Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of Erf gene family in cotton. BMC plant biology 36 35317739
2021 Genome-wide investigation of the AP2/ERF gene family in ginger: evolution and expression profiling during development and abiotic stresses. BMC plant biology 36 34823471
2022 Genome-Wide Identification of the AP2/ERF Gene Family and Functional Analysis of GmAP2/ERF144 for Drought Tolerance in Soybean. Frontiers in plant science 35 35419020
2014 Identification of ERF genes in peanuts and functional analysis of AhERF008 and AhERF019 in abiotic stress response. Functional & integrative genomics 35 24902799
2022 Convergent evolution of AP2/ERF III and IX subfamilies through recurrent polyploidization and tandem duplication during eudicot adaptation to paleoenvironmental changes. Plant communications 34 35949168
2007 Transcriptional repressor erf determines extraembryonic ectoderm differentiation. Molecular and cellular biology 34 17502352
2022 Genome-wide identification and characterization of AP2/ERF gene superfamily during flower development in Actinidia eriantha. BMC genomics 30 36100898
2021 Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of AP2/ERF genes in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB 30 34425394
2020 Genome-wide analysis of AP2/ERF transcription factors family in Brassica napus. Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology 30 32647461
2019 Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the ERF Gene Family in Medicago sativa L. Under Various Abiotic Stresses. DNA and cell biology 29 31403329
1996 Differential processing of sindbis virus glycoprotein PE2 in cultured vertebrate and arthropod cells. Journal of virology 29 8627739
2022 Ethylene response factor ERF.D7 activates auxin response factor 2 paralogs to regulate tomato fruit ripening. Plant physiology 28 36130295
2016 The ERF transcription factor family in cassava: genome-wide characterization and expression analyses against drought stress. Scientific reports 28 27869212
2024 Ethylene-MPK8-ERF.C1-PR module confers resistance against Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit without compromising ripening. The New phytologist 27 38402567
2013 ERF and ETV3L are retinoic acid-inducible repressors required for primary neurogenesis. Development (Cambridge, England) 27 23824578
2007 The RAS-dependent ERF control of cell proliferation and differentiation is mediated by c-Myc repression. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 17699159
2021 Identification, classification, and characterization of AP2/ERF superfamily genes in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.). Scientific reports 26 33686110
2021 Epigenetic inactivation of ERF reactivates γ-globin expression in β-thalassemia. American journal of human genetics 26 33735615
1983 DNA-binding properties of the Erf protein of bacteriophage P22. Journal of molecular biology 26 6302269
1997 Identification of the retinal pigment epithelium protein RET-PE2 as CE-9/OX-47, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 25 9344360
2020 Identification of a novel ERF gene, TaERF8, associated with plant height and yield in wheat. BMC plant biology 24 32513101
2010 Mutations in nsP1 and PE2 are critical determinants of Ross River virus-induced musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in a mouse model. Virology 24 21131014
2024 Plant disease resistance outputs regulated by AP2/ERF transcription factor family. Stress biology 23 38163824
2023 The AP2/ERF transcription factor TOE4b regulates photoperiodic flowering and grain yield per plant in soybean. Plant biotechnology journal 23 37171033
2021 Genome-wide survey and identification of AP2/ERF genes involved in shoot and leaf development in Liriodendron chinense. BMC genomics 23 34749659
2020 An AP2/ERF Gene, HuERF1, from Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance. International journal of molecular sciences 23 32605158
2020 Molecular characterization and systematic analysis of NtAP2/ERF in tobacco and functional determination of NtRAV-4 under drought stress. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB 23 33011644
2015 Genome-wide investigation and expression analysis of AP2-ERF gene family in salt tolerant common bean. EXCLI journal 23 27152109
2001 PE2 cleavage mutants of Sindbis virus: correlation between viral infectivity and pH-dependent membrane fusion activation of the spike heterodimer. Journal of virology 23 11602759
2017 Multi-Protease Strategy Identifies Three PE2 Missing Proteins in Human Testis Tissue. Journal of proteome research 22 28959888
2022 Genome-Wide Identification of AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Family and Functional Analysis of DcAP2/ERF#96 Associated with Abiotic Stress in Dendrobium catenatum. International journal of molecular sciences 21 36362389
2023 AaWIN1, an AP2/ERF protein, positively regulates glandular secretory trichome initiation in Artemisia annua. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 20 36690278
2020 Genome-wide identification and analysis of AP2/ERF transcription factors related to camptothecin biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata. Chinese journal of natural medicines 19 32768165
1997 ERF: genomic organization, chromosomal localization and promoter analysis of the human and mouse genes. Oncogene 19 9136988
2023 Genome-wide characterization and evolutionary analysis of the AP2/ERF gene family in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Scientific reports 18 38081919
2022 Genome-Wide Analysis of AP2/ERF Superfamily Genes in Contrasting Wheat Genotypes Reveals Heat Stress-Related Candidate Genes. Frontiers in plant science 18 35498651
2022 The AP2/ERF transcription factor LATE FLOWERING SEMI-DWARF suppresses long-day-dependent repression of flowering. Plant, cell & environment 18 35610056
2024 An AP2/ERF member LlERF012 confers thermotolerance via activation of HSF pathway in lily. Plant, cell & environment 17 39073746
2020 Identification of EIL and ERF Genes Related to Fruit Ripening in Peach. International journal of molecular sciences 17 32325835
2017 Expression Pattern of ERF Gene Family under Multiple Abiotic Stresses in Populus simonii × P. nigra. Frontiers in plant science 17 28265277
2004 Attenuation of Sindbis virus variants incorporating uncleaved PE2 glycoprotein is correlated with attachment to cell-surface heparan sulfate. Virology 17 15063111
2023 Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identifies CsERF003, a citrus ERF transcription factor, as flavonoid activator. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 15 37295731
2023 Genome-wide analysis of AP2/ERF gene and functional analysis of CqERF24 gene in drought stress in quinoa. International journal of biological macromolecules 15 37866580
2022 Ethylene-Inducible AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Involved in the Capsaicinoid Biosynthesis in Capsicum. Frontiers in plant science 15 35310674
2022 SHINE clade of ERF transcription factors: A significant player in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB 15 36603451
2021 Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of AP2/ERF transcription factors family in sweet potato. BMC genomics 15 34656106
2018 ERF deletion rescues RAS deficiency in mouse embryonic stem cells. Genes & development 15 29650524
2002 Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding a novel chitinase A from a marine bacterium, Pseudomonas sp PE2, and its domain structure. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 15 12655456
2025 ERF.D2 negatively controls drought tolerance through synergistic regulation of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid in tomato. Plant biotechnology journal 14 40424069
2020 Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the ERF transcription factor family in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.). PeerJ 14 33024641
2023 Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Expression Analyses of AP2/ERF Family Transcription Factors in Erianthus fulvus. International journal of molecular sciences 13 37108264
2023 Genome-wide analysis of the AP2/ERF gene family in Tritipyrum and the response of TtERF_B2-50 in salt-tolerance. BMC genomics 13 37704958
2022 Genome-Wide Identification and Comprehensive Analysis of the AP2/ERF Gene Family in Pomegranate Fruit Development and Postharvest Preservation. Genes 13 35627280
2020 In silico mining and functional analysis of AP2/ERF gene in Withania somnifera. Scientific reports 13 32184405
2022 Prospective Clinical Genomic Profiling of Ewing Sarcoma: ERF and FGFR1 Mutations as Recurrent Secondary Alterations of Potential Biologic and Therapeutic Relevance. JCO precision oncology 12 35952322
2022 The CIC-ERF co-deletion underlies fusion-independent activation of ETS family member, ETV1, to drive prostate cancer progression. eLife 12 36383412
2022 Gene fusions, micro-exons and splice variants define stress signaling by AP2/ERF and WRKY transcription factors in the sesame pan-genome. Frontiers in plant science 12 36618639
2020 Ectopic expression of common bean ERF transcription factor PvERF35 promotes salt stress tolerance in tobacco. Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) 12 32777125
2016 Quantitative proteomic analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae industrial strains CAT-1 and PE-2. Journal of proteomics 12 27576599

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