Affinage

ENHO

Adropin · UniProt Q6UWT2

Length
76 aa
Mass
7.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
60 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ENHO encodes adropin, a secreted peptide hormone predominantly expressed in liver and brain that functions as a pleiotropic regulator of energy homeostasis, vascular integrity, inflammation, and fibrosis. Adropin suppresses hepatic lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ, ERK1/2, and AKT signaling, while its expression is rhythmically controlled by RORα/γ and Rev-erb, regulated by STAT3 and estrogen/ERα, and modulated by miR-29 and EOGT-mediated pathways (PMID:19041763, PMID:29331507, PMID:32636661, PMID:35364299, PMID:29244071). Adropin maintains endothelial function by activating eNOS (Ser1177)/Akt signaling and inhibiting the ROCK-MLC2 pathway, protects against ischemic injury by preserving blood-brain barrier integrity through MMP-9 suppression, and exerts antifibrotic effects via GPR19-mediated deactivation of TGF-β/GLI1 transcriptional networks (PMID:27333037, PMID:27020249, PMID:36305313, PMID:38536934). Adropin also modulates macrophage polarization through PPARγ-dependent lipid metabolism and HO-1 upregulation, and confers cardioprotection against sepsis via Nrf2/ARE-dependent antioxidant signaling (PMID:37688913, PMID:39933360, PMID:41391279).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2008 High

    Identifying ENHO as a secreted peptide hormone that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism established adropin as a novel metabolic regulator, answering whether the uncharacterized gene had endocrine function.

    Evidence Transgenic overexpression and systemic peptide treatment in diet-induced obese mice attenuated hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance, with regulation of hepatic lipogenic genes and PPARγ

    PMID:19041763

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor identity unknown at this point
    • Mechanism of lipogenic gene suppression not defined
    • Brain function of adropin unexplored
  2. 2016 High

    Demonstrating that adropin maintains vascular integrity through eNOS/Akt activation and ROCK-MLC2 inhibition resolved how adropin protects endothelium and identified its vasculoprotective signaling axis.

    Evidence Adropin KO mice showed reduced eNOS Ser1177 and Akt Ser473 phosphorylation with vascular pathology; in vitro BBB models showed ROCK-MLC2-dependent reduction of paracellular permeability

    PMID:27020249 PMID:27333037

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating vascular effects not identified
    • Direct binding target for ROCK pathway inhibition unknown
    • Relevance to human vascular disease beyond genetic associations unclear
  3. 2017 High

    Revealing circadian transcriptional control of ENHO by RORα/γ and Rev-erb explained the rhythmic pattern of adropin expression and linked it to the metabolic clock.

    Evidence ROR inverse agonists and Rev-erb agonist modulated ENHO expression in HepG2 cells; expression peaked during feeding phase in animal models

    PMID:29331507

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether circadian regulation is direct via ROR response elements on the ENHO promoter not formally shown by reporter assay
    • Functional consequence of circadian cycling on metabolic endpoints not isolated
  4. 2019 High

    Showing that adropin promotes preadipocyte proliferation while suppressing differentiation via ERK1/2 and AKT established its dual role in adipocyte biology and clarified downstream signaling.

    Evidence Cell proliferation assays, ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation, and Oil Red O staining in 3T3-L1 and primary preadipocytes

    PMID:31400396

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating adipocyte effects not confirmed
    • In vivo relevance of preadipocyte proliferation effect not tested
  5. 2020 Medium

    Identifying STAT3 and estrogen/ERα as transcriptional regulators of ENHO expanded the regulatory network controlling adropin expression beyond circadian inputs.

    Evidence STAT3 inhibitor and siRNA blocked high-glucose-induced ENHO upregulation in HepG2 cells; ovariectomy reduced hepatic Enho, reversed by 17β-estradiol; ERα binding to Enho confirmed by ChIP-seq dataset analysis

    PMID:32636661 PMID:35364299

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ERα ChIP at the ENHO locus not performed de novo
    • Whether STAT3 and ERα cooperate or act independently not tested
    • Relevance to postmenopausal metabolic changes in humans not established experimentally
  6. 2022 High

    Identifying GPR19 as the adropin receptor mediating antifibrotic effects through GLI1 deactivation answered the long-standing receptor question and opened a defined signaling axis for therapeutic targeting.

    Evidence GPR19 knockdown abrogated adropin's antifibrotic effects in fibroblasts; RNA-seq and ChIP-seq confirmed GLI1-dependent transcriptional reprogramming; efficacy in bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis and sclerodermatous GvHD mouse models

    PMID:38536934

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical binding of adropin to GPR19 not demonstrated
    • Whether GPR19 mediates all adropin functions (metabolic, vascular) or only fibrotic ones not resolved
    • GPR19 signaling intermediates between receptor and GLI1 not mapped
  7. 2022 High

    Demonstrating that Enho deletion worsened ischemic stroke while overexpression was protective, via MMP-9 suppression and tight junction preservation, established adropin as a neuroprotective factor in cerebrovascular injury.

    Evidence Enho KO, transgenic overexpression, and peptide treatment in aged mice subjected to MCAO; MMP-9 and tight junction protein quantification

    PMID:36305313

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether neuroprotection is mediated through GPR19 not tested
    • Therapeutic window for adropin administration post-stroke not defined
  8. 2023 Medium

    Revealing that adropin modulates macrophage polarization through PPARγ-dependent lipid metabolism and dose-dependent inflammasome activation defined a new immunomodulatory function and explained divergent inflammatory phenotypes.

    Evidence Enho-/- mice developed spontaneous colitis with M1 imbalance; RNA-seq and metabolomics in macrophages confirmed PPARγ pathway; dose-dependent mitochondrial ROS and inflammasome activation in ex vivo macrophages

    PMID:37688913 PMID:37904094

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor identity for macrophage effects not confirmed
    • Dose-dependent switch mechanism between pro- and anti-inflammatory effects not molecularly resolved
    • In vivo dose relevance in physiological settings unknown
  9. 2023 Medium

    Demonstrating that adropin inhibits endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via TGF-β/Smad2/3 suppression extended its anti-TGF-β function to vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis.

    Evidence HUVEC EndMT model with TGF-β plasmid rescue; ApoE-/-/Enho-/- double-KO atherosclerosis model

    PMID:37903785

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether EndMT inhibition is GPR19-dependent not tested
    • Relative contribution of EndMT inhibition versus other mechanisms to atherosclerosis protection not separated
  10. 2025 Medium

    Establishing that adropin protects against sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy through Nrf2/ARE-dependent antioxidant signaling identified a distinct cytoprotective pathway and confirmed it by Nrf2 inhibitor rescue.

    Evidence LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy model in mice and cells; Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reversed adropin's protective effects on ROS, apoptosis, and inflammation

    PMID:41391279

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Nrf2 activation is direct or secondary to upstream signaling not determined
    • Whether GPR19 mediates cardiac effects not tested
    • Single lab finding awaiting independent replication
  11. 2025 Medium

    Liver-specific ENHO knockout revealed reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and co-regulation with circadian and oxidative metabolic gene networks, extending adropin's endocrine role to inter-organ metabolic communication.

    Evidence Liver-specific Enho KO mice with muscle mitochondrial phenotyping; transcriptional correlation analyses across tissues; human plasma correlations

    PMID:40578684

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which hepatic adropin regulates muscle mitochondria not identified
    • Whether circulating adropin or a secondary signal mediates inter-organ effects unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The direct biochemical interaction between adropin and GPR19, the full signaling cascade from GPR19 to downstream effectors across different tissues, and whether GPR19 mediates all of adropin's diverse functions remain unresolved.
  • No direct binding assay (e.g. radioligand, SPR) confirming adropin-GPR19 interaction
  • Structural basis for adropin-GPR19 interaction unknown
  • Tissue-specific receptor requirements not systematically tested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 7 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 6 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2
Partners
GLI1GPR19NFE2L2NOS3PPARGRORATGFB1

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2008 ENHO encodes a secreted protein, adropin, expressed in liver and brain. Liver Enho expression is regulated by nutrition (increased by high-fat diet, decreased by fasting). Transgenic overexpression or systemic adropin treatment attenuated hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice, and adropin regulated expression of hepatic lipogenic genes and adipose tissue PPARγ. Transgenic overexpression, systemic peptide treatment in mice, gene expression analysis, identification of secretory signal peptide sequence Cell metabolism High 19041763
2017 Liver Enho expression is rhythmically controlled by the biological clock: it peaks during maximal food consumption coinciding with transcriptional activation by RORα/γ, and its nadir coincides with the rest phase repressed by Rev-erb. ROR inverse agonists (SR1001, 7-oxygenated sterols) and the Rev-erb agonist SR9009 suppress ENHO expression in human HepG2 cells. High-cholesterol diets suppress hepatic adropin expression. In silico expression analysis, cultured human HepG2 cell treatment with nuclear receptor agonists/antagonists, animal model dietary interventions, nonhuman primate plasma measurements Molecular metabolism High 29331507
2016 Adropin reduces paracellular permeability of brain endothelial cells exposed to ischemia-like conditions (hypoxia/low glucose) by inhibiting the ROCK-MLC2 signaling pathway; adropin treatment attenuated ROCK activity and MLC2 phosphorylation without protecting junction proteins (occludin, VE-cadherin) or reducing VEGF. In vitro BBB model (RBE4 cells), FITC-dextran permeability assay, Western blot for MLC2 phosphorylation, ROCK activity assay, VEGF and junction protein measurement Peptides High 27020249
2017 Adropin knockout (AdrKO) mice exhibit reduced eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177, impaired glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, adipocyte infiltration, and loss of regulatory T cells, developing fatty pancreas and type 2 diabetes. A Cys56Trp mutation in ENHO was identified in T2DM/fatty pancreas patients. Adropin knockout mouse model, Western blot (eNOS phosphorylation), metabolic phenotyping, human genetic sequencing, Treg quantification Cell death & disease High 28837146
2016 Adropin knockout mice exhibit reduced eNOS (Ser1177) and Akt1 (Ser473) phosphorylation and loss of Treg cells, leading to MPO-ANCA-associated pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage. ENHO mutations (p.Ser43Thr, Cys56Trp) were identified in MPO-ANCA vasculitis patients with lower serum adropin. Adropin knockout mouse model, Western blot (eNOS and Akt phosphorylation), human genetic sequencing, ELISA EBioMedicine High 27333037
2019 Adropin stimulates proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and rat primary preadipocytes via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways, and reduces lipid accumulation and expression of proadipogenic genes, suppressing differentiation of preadipocytes into mature fat cells. Cell proliferation assays, Western blot for ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation, Oil Red O lipid staining, gene expression analysis in 3T3-L1 and rat primary preadipocytes Molecular and cellular endocrinology High 31400396
2018 EOGT (endoplasmic reticulum-specific O-GlcNAc transferase) regulates ENHO/adropin expression in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells; EOGT knockdown markedly downregulated ENHO as the most reduced gene. Obesity inversely correlates with the EOGT-adropin axis in endometrium. siRNA knockdown of EOGT in primary human endometrial stromal cells, RNA-seq, endometrial biopsy analysis Endocrinology Medium 29244071
2020 Adropin inhibits adrenocortical steroidogenesis (cortisol and aldosterone) by decreasing expression of StAR and CYP11A1 via the TGF-β signaling pathway (likely transactivation mechanism), and stimulates cell proliferation via ERK1/2 and AKT-dependent signaling in HAC15 adrenal carcinoma cells. GPR19 is expressed in these cells and may mediate adropin signaling. Whole transcriptome analysis, TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor, specific intracellular inhibitors of ERK1/2 and AKT, cortisol/aldosterone secretion assays, Western blot, gene expression analysis Frontiers in endocrinology Medium 33133015
2020 STAT3 regulates Enho expression in the liver: high glucose increases pSTAT3/STAT3 ratio and Enho mRNA levels in HepG2 cells, effects inhibited by STAT3 antagonist Stattic or STAT3-specific siRNA knockdown. In diabetic rats, serum adropin and hepatic Enho expression correlate with STAT3 activity and glycemic control. HepG2 cell treatment with high glucose, STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic), STAT3 siRNA, Western blot, RT-PCR, streptozotocin rat model, insulin/phloridzin treatment Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity Medium 32636661
2022 TGFβ reduces adropin/ENHO expression in fibroblasts in a JNK-dependent manner. Adropin34-76 peptide inhibits TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation and fibrotic remodeling via GPR19 (knockdown of GPR19 abrogated antifibrotic effects). Mechanistically, adropin deactivates GLI1-dependent profibrotic transcriptional networks (confirmed by RNA-seq and ChIP-seq). Adropin is antifibrotic in mouse bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and sclerodermatous chronic GvHD models and in human precision-cut skin slices. siRNA knockdown of GPR19, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, in vitro primary human dermal fibroblasts, 3D full-thickness skin equivalents, mouse models (bleomycin, sclGvHD), precision-cut human skin slices, JNK inhibitors Science translational medicine High 38536934
2022 Adropin treatment in aged mice subjected to transient ischemic stroke reduced infarct volume and preserved blood-brain barrier integrity by reducing MMP-9 and preserving tight junction proteins. Genetic deletion of Enho significantly increased infarct volume, while adropin overexpression reduced stroke volume. Enho knockout and transgenic overexpression mice, middle cerebral artery occlusion model, TTC and Cresyl violet staining, ELISA, Western blot for MMP-9 and tight junction proteins, behavioral testing Stroke High 36305313
2019 miR-29 suppression in adult mice leads to upregulation of Enho in liver, contributing to improved glycemic control, suggesting Enho is a target gene regulated by miR-29 family members. LNA-mediated in vivo suppression of miR-29, whole transcriptome analysis, fasting blood glucose measurement in chow-fed and HFD-fed mice Physiological genomics Medium 31251698
2022 Hepatic Enho/adropin expression is regulated by estrogen: ovariectomy reduces hepatic Enho expression in mice, and 17β-estradiol triples Enho expression in BNL 1 ME liver cells with increased adropin in supernatant. ERα binding to Enho was confirmed by open-access dataset analysis. Adropin treatment of OVX mice reversed adverse adipokine gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. Ovariectomy mouse model, in vitro 17β-estradiol treatment of liver cells, RNA-seq, analysis of ERα ChIP-seq datasets, adropin IP injection in OVX mice Molecular metabolism Medium 35364299
2023 Adropin inhibits endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in HUVECs via the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway: adropin treatment decreased TGF-β1/TGF-β2 expression and suppressed Smad2/3 phosphorylation; overexpression of TGF-β plasmid reversed the protective effects of adropin. In ApoE-/-/Enho-/- mice, adropin injection inhibited atherosclerosis progression. In vitro HUVEC EndMT model (H2O2-induced), TGF-β plasmid transfection rescue, Western blot (Smad2/3 phosphorylation), immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, ApoE-/-/Enho-/- double-KO mouse atherosclerosis model Cell death discovery Medium 37903785
2020 Brown preadipocyte proliferation is stimulated by adropin, while adropin suppresses expression of adipogenic genes (C/ebpα, C/ebpβ, Pgc1α, Pparγ, Prdm16) and UCP1 protein production, and reduces intracellular lipid content in brown adipocytes, suppressing their differentiation. BrdU incorporation assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot, Oil Red O staining, glycerol/free fatty acid colorimetric assays in rat primary brown preadipocytes Archives of biochemistry and biophysics Medium 32798458
2023 Low-dose adropin (<100 ng/mL) activates macrophage inflammasome via increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting M1 macrophage polarization. High-dose adropin enhances CPT1α expression, shifting macrophage metabolism. Enho-/- mice had fewer M1 macrophages, and Enho-/- macrophages were inert to M1 induction ex vivo. Enho knockout mice, ex vivo macrophage treatment with varying adropin doses, mitochondrial ROS measurement, inflammasome activation assay, in vivo MC38 tumor model with ENHO transfection BMC cancer Medium 37904094
2023 Adropin deficiency (Enho-/- mice) leads to spontaneous colitis with M1 macrophage infiltration imbalance. Adropin regulates macrophage lipid metabolism through PPARγ, promoting repolarization from M1 to M2. Combined RNA-seq and metabolomics in RAW264.7 cells treated with adropin confirmed PPARγ-dependent lipid metabolic regulation of macrophage phenotype. Enho-/- mouse model, RNA-seq, metabolomics, RAW264.7 macrophage treatment, TNBS-induced colitis model, flow cytometry International immunopharmacology Medium 37688913
2023 Adropin and its receptor GPR19 are expressed in mouse testis, with adropin immunoreactivity intense in Leydig cells and GPR19 in pachytene spermatocytes and Leydig cells. In vitro, adropin alone inhibits testicular testosterone synthesis by reducing P450-SCC, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD expression; combined with insulin, adropin stimulates testosterone synthesis by increasing GPR19, IR, StAR, P450-SCC, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD expression and promotes germ cell survival via PCNA, Bcl2, and pERK1/2. Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, in vitro testicular slice culture with adropin ± insulin treatment, Western blot Journal of experimental zoology Part A Medium 37902254
2025 Adropin provides cardioprotection against sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy via activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, upregulating antioxidant proteins NQO1, GPX1, and Nrf2, while reducing ROS, apoptosis (reducing Bax, increasing Bcl-2), and inflammation (reducing TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). Rescue experiments with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 confirmed Nrf2 dependence. LPS-induced mouse and cell model of septic cardiomyopathy, Western blot, qRT-PCR, DHE staining, flow cytometry, Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) rescue experiments International immunopharmacology Medium 41391279
2025 ENHO/adropin transcriptional structures in liver overlap with lipoprotein metabolism genes (APOC1, APOA1). Liver-specific ENHO knockout mice show reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. ENHO expression is co-regulated with circadian genes across tissues and reflects activation of oxidative metabolic pathways with suppression of ribosomal functions and cell division. Statin treatment reduces plasma adropin levels. Gene-derived correlations across tissues (GD-CAT) analysis, liver-specific knockout mice, plasma adropin/lipoprotein correlations in human cohort, bioinformatics Molecular metabolism Medium 40578684
2025 Adropin promotes macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and adropin-conditioned macrophage medium induces browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In PCOS mouse model, adropin treatment promoted M2 macrophage polarization and white adipose tissue browning. RAW264.7 macrophage treatment, conditioned medium experiments on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, PCOS mouse model, Western blot, gene expression analysis International immunopharmacology Medium 39933360

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 60 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 Identification of adropin as a secreted factor linking dietary macronutrient intake with energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Cell metabolism 375 19041763
2020 Adropin as A Fat-Burning Hormone with Multiple Functions-Review of a Decade of Research. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 77 32012786
2017 Adropin: An endocrine link between the biological clock and cholesterol homeostasis. Molecular metabolism 73 29331507
2022 Adropin's Role in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Disorders. International journal of molecular sciences 65 35955453
2019 Low plasma adropin concentrations increase risks of weight gain and metabolic dysregulation in response to a high-sugar diet in male nonhuman primates. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 30988006
2017 Adropin deficiency worsens HFD-induced metabolic defects. Cell death & disease 48 28837146
2018 Age-Dependent Decrease in Adropin is Associated with Reduced Levels of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Increased Oxidative Stress in the Rat Brain. Aging and disease 47 29896421
2019 Effects of adropin on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and rat primary preadipocytes. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 45 31400396
2016 Adropin reduces paracellular permeability of rat brain endothelial cells exposed to ischemia-like conditions. Peptides 39 27020249
2016 Association of Serum Adropin Concentrations with Diabetic Nephropathy. Mediators of inflammation 38 27546995
2015 Differential Responses of Plasma Adropin Concentrations To Dietary Glucose or Fructose Consumption In Humans. Scientific reports 34 26435060
2019 Acute suppression of insulin resistance-associated hepatic miR-29 in vivo improves glycemic control in adult mice. Physiological genomics 33 31251698
2022 Therapeutic Benefits of Adropin in Aged Mice After Transient Ischemic Stroke via Reduction of Blood-Brain Barrier Damage. Stroke 31 36305313
2016 Enho Mutations Causing Low Adropin: A Possible Pathomechanism of MPO-ANCA Associated Lung Injury. EBioMedicine 29 27333037
2016 Adropin - physiological and pathophysiological role. Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online) 29 27668650
2022 Recognition of a Novel Gene Signature for Human Glioblastoma. International journal of molecular sciences 27 35456975
2018 The Glycosyltransferase EOGT Regulates Adropin Expression in Decidualizing Human Endometrium. Endocrinology 26 29244071
2020 Adropin Stimulates Proliferation and Inhibits Adrenocortical Steroidogenesis in the Human Adrenal Carcinoma (HAC15) Cell Line. Frontiers in endocrinology 24 33133015
2019 The association of serum and vitreous adropin concentrations with diabetic retinopathy. Annals of clinical biochemistry 24 30514096
2024 Attenuation of fibroblast activation and fibrosis by adropin in systemic sclerosis. Science translational medicine 22 38536934
2021 Serum Adropin as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Individuals With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Frontiers in physiology 19 34366886
2016 New peptides players in metabolic disorders. Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online) 19 27594563
2022 Hepatic adropin is regulated by estrogen and contributes to adverse metabolic phenotypes in ovariectomized mice. Molecular metabolism 17 35364299
2022 Myricetin Increases Circulating Adropin Level after Activation of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Receptor in Type-1 Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 15 35215286
2020 Promotion of Adropin Expression by Hyperglycemia Is Associated with STAT3 Activation in Diabetic Rats. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 15 32636661
2023 Adropin inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-/Enho-/- mice by regulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell death discovery 13 37903785
2021 Bacteriophages PɸEn-CL and PɸEn-HO can eliminate MDR Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter hormaechei isolated from burn wound infections without toxicity for human skin cells. FEMS microbiology letters 13 34849758
2020 Swim therapy-induced tissue specific metabolic responses in male rats. Life sciences 13 33011220
2018 Association of serum adropin with the presence of atrial fibrillation and atrial remodeling. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 12 30239031
2025 Adropin: a key player in immune cell homeostasis and regulation of inflammation in several diseases. Frontiers in immunology 11 39906123
2023 Protective roles of adropin in neurological disease. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 11 36717106
2020 Adropin stimulates proliferation but suppresses differentiation in rat primary brown preadipocytes. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 11 32798458
2018 ENHO, RXRA, and LXRA polymorphisms and dyslipidaemia, related comorbidities and survival in haemodialysis patients. BMC medical genetics 11 30413149
2016 Involvement of adropin and adropin-associated genes in metabolic abnormalities of hemodialysis patients. Life sciences 11 27449397
2017 Chemotherapy can induce weight normalization of morbidly obese mice despite undiminished ingestion of high fat diet. Oncotarget 9 28076839
2024 Meiotic transcriptional reprogramming mediated by cell-cell communications in humans and mice revealed by scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq. Zoological research 8 38766744
2023 Low-dose adropin stimulates inflammasome activation of macrophage via mitochondrial ROS involved in colorectal cancer progression. BMC cancer 8 37904094
2015 Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of the energy homeostasis-associated gene in piglet. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 8 26055914
2019 Calcium-sensing receptor gene (CASR) polymorphisms and CASR transcript level concerning dyslipidemia in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC nephrology 7 31775661
2021 Effect of Long-Term Continuous Light Exposure and Western Diet on Adropin Expression, Lipid Metabolism, and Energy Homeostasis in Rats. Biology 6 34066943
2021 Optimal therapeutic adropin dose intervention in mice and rat animal models: A systematic review. Veterinary world 6 34316188
2024 Adropin a candidate diagnostic biomarker for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology 5 39674635
2023 Adropin may promote insulin stimulated steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in adult mice testes. Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology 5 37902254
2025 Adropin: A cardio-metabolic hormone in the periphery, a neurohormone in the brain? Peptides 4 40097041
2025 Isoform-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the transcriptional panorama of adult Baoshan pig testis cells. BMC genomics 4 40340725
2024 Development and validation of a new diagnostic prediction model of ENHO and NOX4 for early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Frontiers in immunology 4 38348042
2023 Energy Homeostasis-Associated (Enho) mRNA Expression and Energy Homeostasis in the Acute Stress Versus Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rat Models. Biomedicines 4 36830976
2023 Adropin deficiency worsens TNBS-induced colitis. International immunopharmacology 4 37688913
2022 Evaluation of the relationship between vitamin D level and adropin, IL-1β, IL-6, and oxidative status in women. Turkish journal of medical sciences 4 36326375
2024 Protective effect of ellagic acid against high-glucose-induced injury in human umbilical venous endothelial cells. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine 3 38948172
2025 Adropin expression reflects circadian, lipoprotein, and mitochondrial processes in human tissues. Molecular metabolism 2 40578684
2025 Adropin-Driven Browning: Targeting M2 Macrophages to Combat PCOS. International immunopharmacology 1 39933360
2025 The Role of ENHO in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Bioinformatics Approach. Cancers 1 40647442
2026 Correlation between some hormones, interleukins and molecular parameters in rheumatoid arthritis patients with and without metabolic syndrome. The Egyptian journal of immunology 0 41546878
2025 Time to broaden pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular disorders with physiological dimensions of Adropin. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 0 39948789
2025 The potential of ARL4C and its-mediated genes in atherosclerosis and agent development. Frontiers in pharmacology 0 40176913
2025 Development of a Specific Competitive ELISA for Plasma Adropin Levels and Its Application to Investigating Energy Homeostasis in Mice. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 0 40903283
2025 Single-cell transcriptomics reveals apolipoprotein A4-mediated metabolic-immune reprogramming in lymphocytes during early obesity-related chronic kidney disease. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 0 40999903
2025 Expression of adropin in the reproductive organs of healthy female dogs and those with cystic endometrial hyperplasia, pyometra, and ovarian cysts. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) 0 41197826
2025 Protective effect of Adropin on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. International immunopharmacology 0 41391279