Affinage

EGR3

Early growth response protein 3 · UniProt Q06889

Length
387 aa
Mass
42.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 29 papers cited in narrative 29 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

EGR3 is an immediate-early zinc-finger transcription factor that couples diverse extracellular signals—including neurotrophins, synaptic activity, antigen-receptor engagement, estrogen, and mechanical force—to cell-type-specific gene programs governing differentiation, plasticity, and immune tolerance. It binds GC-rich promoter elements to directly activate target genes such as GABRA4, Htr2a, BDNF, NR1/GRIN1, RELN, HDAC6, ZFP36, GADD45B, and Cbl-b, linking upstream MAPK, NF-AT, and NF-κB pathways to transcriptional output (PMID:16091474, PMID:35001075, PMID:22035109, PMID:15834410, PMID:9819402). EGR3 is essential for muscle spindle intrafusal fiber differentiation, sympathetic neuron axon branching, hippocampal LTP and memory, cardiac valve morphogenesis, and suppression of systemic autoimmunity through regulatory T cell–dependent TGF-β3 production (PMID:9731539, PMID:18653557, PMID:17350282, PMID:38748804, PMID:27911796). In the immune system, EGR3 enforces T cell anergy by inducing the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b and cooperates with Egr2 in regulatory T cells to maintain Ltbp3 expression and prevent autoimmunity (PMID:15834410, PMID:27911796).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 1994 Medium

    Establishing that EGR3 is an activity-dependent immediate-early transcription factor in the brain resolved whether this zinc-finger protein was constitutive or stimulus-driven, framing all subsequent work on its regulatory logic.

    Evidence Differential cloning, Northern blot, in situ hybridization after electroconvulsive seizure, NMDA receptor activation, and monocular deprivation in rat cortex/hippocampus

    PMID:10467592

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct DNA target genes identified at this stage
    • Upstream signaling cascade not delineated
    • Functional consequence of induction unknown
  2. 1998 High

    Demonstration that Egr3-knockout mice completely lack muscle spindles established the first essential in vivo function for EGR3 and showed that its transcriptional activity in myotubes is required for intrafusal fiber differentiation, an irreplaceable developmental role.

    Evidence Gene-targeted knockout mouse with histological and in situ analysis

    PMID:9731539

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream transcriptional targets in myotubes unknown
    • Whether role is cell-autonomous in muscle not yet tested
  3. 1998 High

    Identification of NF-AT as the upstream activator of the EGR3 promoter in T cells revealed how TCR-derived signals converge on EGR3 and explained the cyclosporin A sensitivity of EGR3 induction.

    Evidence Promoter deletion mapping and NF-ATp reconstitution in fibroblasts

    PMID:9819402

    Open questions at the time
    • NF-AT binding not confirmed by ChIP
    • Other signal inputs to EGR3 promoter not mapped
  4. 2001 High

    Showing that Ia afferent innervation induces Egr3 in myotubes and that Egr3-null spindles fail to express slow-developmental myosin heavy chain clarified the nerve-to-muscle signaling axis through which Egr3 controls intrafusal differentiation.

    Evidence Nerve transection plus KO mouse analysis with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization

    PMID:11401400

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific signal from Ia afferents to Egr3 not identified
    • Transcriptional targets beyond MyHC isoforms unknown
  5. 2004 Medium

    Discovery that estrogen receptor α rapidly induces EGR3, which then activates Nab2 and FasL, placed EGR3 in the estrogen-responsive transcriptional cascade in breast cancer cells.

    Evidence Northern blot with ERα antagonist and cycloheximide, reporter assays, microarray in breast cancer cells

    PMID:15171706

    Open questions at the time
    • No ChIP confirming direct ERα binding at the EGR3 promoter
    • Functional consequence for breast cancer cell phenotype not fully delineated
  6. 2005 High

    Two parallel discoveries established EGR3 as both a direct transcriptional activator of neuronal target genes (GABRA4 via promoter binding) and a negative regulator of T cell activation (via Cbl-b induction), revealing its bifunctional role across cell types.

    Evidence ChIP plus KO mouse for GABRA4 in hippocampal neurons; overexpression plus KO plus in vivo tolerance assay for Cbl-b in T cells

    PMID:15834410 PMID:16091474

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide direct target repertoire unknown
    • Mechanism of EGR3 selectivity for different targets in different cell types unclear
  7. 2006 High

    Finding that Egr3 interacts with RORγt protein and suppresses its transcriptional targets in thymocytes uncovered a non-canonical mechanism—protein-protein interaction rather than DNA binding—by which Egr3 coordinates proliferation and VDJ recombination timing.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, genetic epistasis, reporter assays in thymocytes

    PMID:16782036

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of Egr3–RORγt interaction unknown
    • Whether this protein-interaction mode operates in other cell types untested
  8. 2007 High

    Egr3-knockout mice showed impaired early- and late-phase hippocampal LTP and deficits in multiple memory paradigms, establishing EGR3 as a non-redundant transcriptional regulator of synaptic plasticity independent of Egr1.

    Evidence KO mouse with electrophysiology (LTP) and behavioral tasks (fear conditioning, spatial learning)

    PMID:17350282

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream plasticity genes directly regulated by Egr3 in LTP not identified
    • Contribution of specific hippocampal subregions unclear
  9. 2008 High

    Demonstration that Egr3-deficient sympathetic neurons fail to extend and branch terminal axons—without dying—separated EGR3's role in axon morphogenesis from neurotrophin-dependent survival, expanding its function beyond the CNS.

    Evidence KO mouse with immunohistochemistry and physiological assessment of autonomic function

    PMID:18653557

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional targets mediating axon branching not identified at this point
    • Whether defect is cell-autonomous not yet shown
  10. 2011 High

    Mapping a BDNF→TrkB→MAPK→Egr3→NR1 transcriptional cascade revealed a feed-forward loop in which Egr3, together with CREB, drives NMDA receptor subunit expression, connecting neurotrophin signaling to glutamatergic receptor homeostasis.

    Evidence Promoter reporter, ChIP, pharmacological pathway dissection in primary cortical neurons

    PMID:22035109

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this cascade operates during LTP in vivo not tested
    • Relative contributions of Egr3 vs. CREB not resolved
  11. 2013 High

    Conditional knockout demonstrated a sympathetic neuron-autonomous requirement for Egr3 in dendrite morphology and axon branching and identified downstream target genes involved in axonogenesis, resolving the cell-autonomy question from the 2008 study.

    Evidence Conditional KO, microarray, genetic labeling, neurite outgrowth assay in isolated neurons

    PMID:23467373

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct Egr3 binding to identified target promoters not confirmed by ChIP
    • Functional rescue with individual targets not performed
  12. 2015 High

    Three concurrent advances—(1) muscle-specific conditional KO proving cell-autonomous Egr3 function for intrafusal differentiation and GDNF-dependent fusimotor innervation, (2) cell-type-resolved cocaine responses showing opposing Egr3 roles in D1- vs D2-MSNs, and (3) Egr3-dependent Htr2a induction after sleep deprivation—collectively broadened the Egr3 target gene network and demonstrated context-dependent transcriptional output.

    Evidence Muscle conditional KO with genetic tracing; RiboTag + AAV-Cre + ChIP in NAc MSNs; KO mouse with sleep deprivation

    PMID:25855173 PMID:25857407 PMID:25995477

    Open questions at the time
    • Chromatin-level mechanism of cell-type-specific target gene selection unknown
    • Direct GDNF promoter binding by Egr3 not demonstrated
  13. 2016 High

    Discovery that Egr2/Egr3 in regulatory T cells prevent autoimmunity by maintaining Ltbp3-dependent TGF-β3 production identified a discrete immune-tolerance mechanism and explained why T cell-specific Egr loss causes systemic inflammation.

    Evidence T cell-specific double KO, adoptive transfer, TGF-β3-vector rescue, gene expression analysis

    PMID:27911796

    Open questions at the time
    • Individual contribution of Egr3 vs Egr2 to Ltbp3 regulation not separated
    • Whether Egr3 directly binds Ltbp3 promoter not shown
  14. 2018 Medium

    Identification of BDNF and HDAC6 as Egr3-dependent targets in hippocampus and epidermis, respectively, expanded its functional repertoire to activity-dependent neurotrophic signaling and epidermal barrier gene regulation.

    Evidence KO mouse microarray/qRT-PCR for Bdnf; RNA-seq/enhancer RNA analysis/KD in keratinocytes for HDAC6

    PMID:29867393 PMID:30342896

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct EGR3 ChIP on Bdnf promoter in vivo not performed
    • Enhancer RNA mechanism not fully dissected
  15. 2020 Medium

    ChIP-verified direct binding to ZFP36, GADD45B, SOCS3, and RELN promoters showed that EGR3 activates anti-metastatic programs (EMT suppression in prostate cancer) and Reelin signaling (neurite outgrowth modulation), further diversifying its downstream target network.

    Evidence ChIP, overexpression/KD, in vivo metastasis model; ChIP, reporter assay, neurite outgrowth assay in SH-SY5Y cells

    PMID:32796959 PMID:33113163

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological relevance of EGR3-RELN axis in intact brain not tested
    • Anti-metastatic function not validated in patient-derived models
  16. 2021 Medium

    EGR3 was shown to directly activate HDAC6 in mast cells (driving allergic inflammation via IL-27) and to regulate mitochondrial morphology genes (PGC1α, Drp1) in NAc D1-MSNs upon cocaine exposure, revealing specialized transcriptional programs in innate immune and reward circuits.

    Evidence ChIP on HDAC6 promoter in mast cells, passive anaphylaxis model; ChIP on PGC1α/Drp1, AAV-Cre knockdown with mitochondrial morphology in D1-MSNs

    PMID:34187517 PMID:34234781

    Open questions at the time
    • Selectivity mechanism for HDAC6 activation in mast cells vs other cell types unclear
    • Mitochondrial functional consequences beyond morphology not assessed
  17. 2022 High

    In vivo ChIP confirmed direct EGR3 binding to the Htr2a promoter in frontal cortex and demonstrated EGR3-dependent activity-responsive gene programs (GADD45 family, AP-1 family, Mef2c) in hippocampus, consolidating EGR3 as a master regulator of activity-dependent transcription.

    Evidence In vivo ChIP with reporter mutagenesis for Htr2a; expression microarray in WT vs Egr3-/- hippocampus after ECS

    PMID:35001075 PMID:35941129

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide ChIP-seq for EGR3 in brain not yet reported
    • Causal role of individual target genes in LTP/memory phenotype untested
  18. 2024 High

    Demonstration that egr3-null zebrafish completely lack cardiac valve leaflets and that mechanical forces induce EGR3 in endothelial cells, where it acts cell-autonomously through Nr4a2b, revealed an unexpected mechanosensitive role in cardiovascular morphogenesis conserved across vertebrates.

    Evidence Zebrafish null mutant, tissue-specific gain/loss-of-function, mechanical force manipulation, porcine endothelial cell validation, genetic epistasis

    PMID:38748804

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanotransduction pathway upstream of EGR3 in endothelial cells not fully mapped
    • Human cardiac valve disease association not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A genome-wide map of direct EGR3 binding sites across cell types (ChIP-seq), structural understanding of how EGR3 selects among its many target promoters in a cell-type-specific manner, and in vivo validation of its role in human disease remain open.
  • No genome-wide ChIP-seq published for EGR3 in any cell type
  • Structural basis for target selectivity vs other Egr family members unknown
  • Human genetic disease causation not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 10 GO:0003677 DNA binding 6
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 5 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 8 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3
Partners
CREBNF-ATPNR4A2BRORΓT

Evidence

Reading pass · 29 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 Egr3 is a zinc-finger transcription factor essential for muscle spindle development; Egr3-deficient mice generated by gene targeting completely lack muscle spindles, demonstrating that Egr3-mediated transcription in type I myotubes is required for intrafusal fiber differentiation and spindle morphogenesis. Gene targeting (knockout mouse), histology, in situ expression analysis Nature genetics High 9731539
2001 Egr3 expression in developing myotubes is induced by Ia afferent innervation and controls intrafusal fiber differentiation; following nerve transection Egr3 expression dissipates, and in its absence newborn spindles fail to induce slow-developmental myosin heavy chain and subsequently disassemble after sensory/motor innervation withdraws. Knockout mouse analysis, nerve transection, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization Developmental biology High 11401400
2005 Egr3 (and Egr2) act as negative regulators of T cell activation by promoting expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b; Egr3-deficient T cells have lower Cbl-b expression and are resistant to peptide-induced tolerance in vivo. Overexpression, knockout mouse, in vivo tolerance assay, microarray Nature immunology High 15834410
2005 Egr3 directly up-regulates GABRA4 promoter activity and endogenous GABA-A receptor alpha4 subunit levels in hippocampal neurons; Egr3 binds to the GABRA4 promoter in dentate granule cells following status epilepticus, and Egr3 knockout mice have ~50% less GABRA4 mRNA in hippocampus. Transfection/reporter assay in primary neurons, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), AAV-driven reporter in vivo, knockout mouse Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 16091474
2006 Egr3 is transiently induced by pre-TCR signals in thymocytes and promotes proliferation by reducing E protein-dependent RORγt expression and by interacting with RORγt to prevent induction of RORγt target genes; this delays RORγt-mediated gene rearrangement and enables temporal separation of proliferation from VDJ recombination. Overexpression, genetic epistasis, reporter assays, co-immunoprecipitation (interaction with RORγt) Immunity High 16782036
1998 EGR3 gene expression in T cells is controlled by a 27-bp promoter element that interacts with NF-ATp and NF-ATc; overexpression of NF-ATp (but not NF-ATc) in fibroblasts restores the two-signal, cyclosporin A-sensitive EGR3 induction, explaining the lymphoid-cell specificity of CsA action on EGR3. Promoter deletion analysis, reporter assay, NF-AT overexpression in fibroblasts Molecular and cellular biology High 9819402
2007 Egr3 is essential for normal hippocampal LTP (early- and late-phase) and for both short-term and long-term hippocampus- and amygdala-dependent learning and memory; these deficits are independent of Egr1, whose protein levels are unaltered in Egr3-deficient brain regions. Knockout mouse, electrophysiology (LTP), behavioral memory tasks (fear conditioning, spatial learning) Molecular and cellular neurosciences High 17350282
2008 Egr3 is induced by NGF signaling in sympathetic neurons during development and is required for normal terminal axon extension, branching, and target tissue innervation, but not for sympathetic neuron survival; Egr3-deficient mice display profound physiological dysautonomia. Knockout mouse, immunohistochemistry, physiological assessment of autonomic function Development (Cambridge, England) High 18653557
2011 BDNF-mediated upregulation of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit transcription in cortical neurons requires Egr3 (together with CREB) binding to the NR1 core promoter; BDNF activates this via the MAPK pathway through TrkB, uncovering a feed-forward gene regulatory network. Promoter reporter assay, ChIP, pharmacological pathway dissection in cortical neurons Journal of neurochemistry High 22035109
2013 Egr3 has a sympathetic neuron-autonomous role: cell-specific ablation demonstrates that Egr3 within sympathetic neurons is required for normal dendrite morphology and terminal axon branching; microarray identified downstream target genes involved in axonogenesis and dendritogenesis. Conditional knockout, microarray, genetic axon/dendrite labeling, neurite outgrowth assay in isolated neurons The Journal of neuroscience High 23467373
2015 Egr3 functions cell-autonomously in skeletal muscle for intrafusal fiber differentiation and fusimotor innervation homeostasis; cell-specific ablation shows Egr3-deficient myotubes are contacted by Ia afferents normally but fail to express characteristic MyHC isoforms and fail to acquire GDNF expression needed for fusimotor neuron survival. Cell-type-specific conditional knockout, genetic fate tracing, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization The Journal of neuroscience High 25855173
2015 Egr3 has opposing roles in nucleus accumbens D1- vs. D2-MSNs in response to cocaine: repeated cocaine increases Egr3 in D1-MSNs (enhancing reward/locomotor responses) and decreases it in D2-MSNs (suppressing these behaviors); Egr3 binding to promoters of Camk2α, CREB, FosB, Nr4a2, Sirt1 increases in D1-MSNs while binding to G9a and Dnmt3a promoters decreases. RiboTag ribosome-associated transcriptomics, Cre-inducible AAV overexpression/knockdown, ChIP in cell-type-specific contexts The Journal of neuroscience High 25995477
2016 Egr2 and Egr3 expressed in T regulatory cells cooperatively prevent systemic autoimmunity by supporting TGF-β3 secretion through transcriptional maintenance of Ltbp3 (latent TGF-β binding protein 3) expression in CD4+CD25-LAG3+ cells. T cell-specific double knockout mouse, adoptive transfer, TGF-β3-expressing vector rescue, gene expression analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 27911796
2004 EGR3 is a direct target of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in breast cancer cells; estradiol rapidly induces EGR3 mRNA (blocked by ICI 182,780 and cycloheximide-insensitive), and EGR3 in turn transcriptionally activates Nab2 and FasL promoters. Northern blot, pharmacological inhibitors (ICI 182,780, cycloheximide), stable transfection with inducible EGR3, reporter assay, microarray Journal of molecular endocrinology Medium 15171706
2018 Egr3 is required for electroconvulsive stimulation-induced Bdnf expression in the hippocampus; Egr3-/- mice fail to upregulate Bdnf (exons IV and VI) after ECS, and EGR3 binding sites are present in the Bdnf promoter, suggesting direct transcriptional regulation. Knockout mouse, expression microarray, qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, Bdnf promoter analysis Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience Medium 29867393
2015 Egr3 is required for activity-dependent induction of Htr2a (serotonin 2A receptor) mRNA: sleep deprivation fails to induce Htr2a expression in Egr3-/- mice. Knockout mouse, sleep deprivation paradigm, qRT-PCR ACS chemical neuroscience Medium 25857407
2022 EGR3 protein directly binds to the Htr2a promoter in mouse frontal cortex in vivo and drives expression via two EGR3 binding sites in the Htr2a promoter; sleep deprivation upregulates 5-HT2AR levels in an Egr3-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in vivo, in vitro reporter assay, knockout mouse, pharmacological sleep deprivation Molecular psychiatry High 35001075
2020 EGR3 transcriptionally activates ZFP36, GADD45B, and SOCS3 by directly binding their promoter regions, thereby inhibiting EMT and suppressing bone metastasis in prostate cancer cells. ChIP, overexpression/knockdown, in vitro migration/invasion assays, in vivo mouse metastasis model Oncogene Medium 32796959
2020 EGR3 directly binds the promoter region of RELN and activates its expression; EGR3 overexpression reduces neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells, which is partially reversed by RELN knockdown, placing EGR3 upstream of Reelin signaling in neurite outgrowth. ChIP, luciferase reporter assay, overexpression/knockdown, neurite outgrowth assay, DNA microarray Journal of neurochemistry Medium 33113163
2021 Cocaine enhances Egr3 binding to nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial function (including PGC1α and Drp1 promoters) in NAc D1-MSNs; blunting Egr3 in D1-MSNs blocks cocaine-enhanced small-sized mitochondria formation, demonstrating Egr3 regulates cocaine-induced mitochondrial morphological adaptations. ChIP, AAV-Cre knockdown, mitochondrial morphology analysis, mRNA quantification in cell-type-specific fractions Molecular brain Medium 34187517
2021 EGR3 directly binds HDAC6 promoter sequences and is necessary for HDAC6 upregulation in antigen-stimulated mast cells; the EGR3-HDAC6-IL-27 axis mediates allergic inflammation in vitro and in vivo; NF-κB p65 directly regulates EGR3 expression, and miR-182-5p acts as a direct negative regulator of EGR3 (confirmed by luciferase assay). ChIP (EGR3 on HDAC6 promoter), luciferase reporter assay (miR-182-5p targeting), knockdown/overexpression, passive anaphylaxis models in vivo Frontiers in immunology Medium 34234781
2016 Egr3 promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation via NF-κB transcriptional activity; shRNA-mediated Egr3 inhibition reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis (caspase-3/7 and PARP activation), partially rescued by pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. shRNA knockdown, flow cytometry (annexin V), western blot (caspase-3/7, PARP), NF-κB reporter assay Journal of cellular physiology Medium 27576048
2014 Egr3 protein co-localizes with the meiotic spindle and cytosolic microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) in mouse oocytes, accumulating around γ-tubulin; nocodazole-induced microtubule depolymerization disrupts this localization; an in vitro microtubule interaction assay shows Egr3 does not directly interact with polymerized microtubules, suggesting an indirect association. Immunofluorescence co-localization, nocodazole treatment, in vitro microtubule binding assay, confocal microscopy PloS one Medium 24722338
2020 miR-27a-5p inhibits cardiac fibrosis by suppressing EGR3, a pro-fibrotic transcription factor; miR-27a-5p targeting of EGR3 was confirmed by reporter assay, and EGR3 promotes TGF-β signaling and pro-fibrotic protein secretion in cardiac fibroblasts. Luciferase reporter assay (miR-27a-5p targeting EGR3 3'UTR), in vivo TAC model with miR-27a knockout/knockdown, in vitro TGF-β signaling assays Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 33215816
2024 EGR3 is a mechanosensitive transcription factor in endothelial cells required for cardiac valve formation; egr3-null zebrafish completely lack valve leaflets; mechanical forces upregulate egr3 expression in zebrafish heart and porcine valvular endothelial cells; EGR3 acts cell-autonomously in endothelial cells and its effector includes nuclear receptor Nr4a2b. Zebrafish knockout (null mutant), tissue-specific gain/loss-of-function, mechanical force manipulation, porcine endothelial cell culture, genetic epistasis with Nr4a2b Science advances High 38748804
2024 EGR3 negatively regulates adipogenesis by transcriptionally controlling HDAC6 (a downstream target gene); cortisol downregulates EGR3 in adipose tissue, and EGR3 deficiency promotes adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and 3T3-L1 cells. EGR3 overexpression/knockdown, adipogenesis assays in hADSCs and 3T3-L1, in vivo high-fat diet mouse model Cell death discovery Medium 38467615
1994 Egr3/Pilot is a zinc-finger transcription factor with sequence-specific DNA binding and transcriptional activity that is rapidly and transiently induced in hippocampal and cortical neurons by electroconvulsive seizure, NMDA receptor activation, and dopamine neurotransmission alterations; basal cortical expression is driven by natural synaptic activity. Differential cDNA cloning, Northern blot, in situ hybridization, pharmacological manipulation, monocular deprivation Learning & memory Medium 10467592
2022 Egr3 is required for activity-dependent expression of GADD45 family members (Gadd45b, Gadd45g), AP-1 family genes (Fos, Fosb), Cenpa, Mef2c, and Calb2 in hippocampus following ECS; many of these are genes differentially expressed in schizophrenia, linking EGR3 to DNA damage response pathways. Expression microarray (WT vs. Egr3-/- after ECS), qRT-PCR validation, bioinformatic enrichment analysis Translational psychiatry Medium 35941129
2018 EGR3 directly regulates HDAC6 gene expression and skin barrier genes (filaggrin, loricrin, involucrin) during late epidermal differentiation; EGR3 mediates regulation of epidermal differentiation complex genes through activation of enhancers and induction of enhancer RNAs. RNA-seq, chromatin analysis (enhancer RNA induction), knockdown/overexpression in keratinocytes, gene co-expression analysis The Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 30342896

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Egr-2 and Egr-3 are negative regulators of T cell activation. Nature immunology 350 15834410
1998 Sensory ataxia and muscle spindle agenesis in mice lacking the transcription factor Egr3. Nature genetics 235 9731539
2007 Genetic analysis of the calcineurin pathway identifies members of the EGR gene family, specifically EGR3, as potential susceptibility candidates in schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 143 17360599
2007 Egr3, a synaptic activity regulated transcription factor that is essential for learning and memory. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 102 17350282
2015 Opposing role for Egr3 in nucleus accumbens cell subtypes in cocaine action. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 101 25995477
2018 A pilot study of durvalumab and tremelimumab and immunogenomic dynamics in metastatic breast cancer. Oncotarget 98 29721177
2000 Salivary proteins of aphids, a pilot study on identification, separation and immunolocalisation. Journal of insect physiology 93 10818245
2019 Blood Microbiome Profile in CKD : A Pilot Study. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 92 30962186
2006 Interplay between RORgammat, Egr3, and E proteins controls proliferation in response to pre-TCR signals. Immunity 88 16782036
2004 Transcription factor EGR3 is involved in the estrogen-signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Journal of molecular endocrinology 87 15171706
2005 Egr3 stimulation of GABRA4 promoter activity as a mechanism for seizure-induced up-regulation of GABA(A) receptor alpha4 subunit expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86 16091474
1994 Egr3/Pilot, a zinc finger transcription factor, is rapidly regulated by activity in brain neurons and colocalizes with Egr1/zif268. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 79 10467592
1987 Meal frequency and nutritional intake during Ramadan: a pilot study. Human nutrition. Applied nutrition 75 3558007
2001 The transcription factor Egr3 modulates sensory axon-myotube interactions during muscle spindle morphogenesis. Developmental biology 70 11401400
2011 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor uses CREB and Egr3 to regulate NMDA receptor levels in cortical neurons. Journal of neurochemistry 59 22035109
2003 Schizosaccharomyces pombe essential genes: a pilot study. Genome research 57 12618370
2015 MicroRNA profiling in migraine without aura: pilot study. Annals of medicine 56 26333279
2016 Egr2 and Egr3 in regulatory T cells cooperatively control systemic autoimmunity through Ltbp3-mediated TGF-β3 production. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 49 27911796
2011 MreB: pilot or passenger of cell wall synthesis? Trends in microbiology 46 22154164
2017 Early growth response 2 and Egr3 are unique regulators in immune system. Central-European journal of immunology 45 28860938
2015 Egr3-dependent muscle spindle stretch receptor intrafusal muscle fiber differentiation and fusimotor innervation homeostasis. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 43 25855173
2015 Association of SNPs in EGR3 and ARC with Schizophrenia Supports a Biological Pathway for Schizophrenia Risk. PloS one 42 26474411
2008 Abnormal sympathetic nervous system development and physiological dysautonomia in Egr3-deficient mice. Development (Cambridge, England) 42 18653557
1993 Expression of the multidrug resistance gene in osteosarcoma: a pilot study. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 38 8100852
2013 Early growth response 3 (Egr3) is highly over-expressed in non-relapsing prostate cancer but not in relapsing prostate cancer. PloS one 37 23342084
2010 EGR3 as a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in Korea. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 35 20687139
2022 Biome-microbiome interactions in peri-implantitis: A pilot investigation. Journal of periodontology 34 35073418
2016 Emerging roles of Egr2 and Egr3 in the control of systemic autoimmunity. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 34 27856665
2013 A sympathetic neuron autonomous role for Egr3-mediated gene regulation in dendrite morphogenesis and target tissue innervation. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 32 23467373
2016 Overexpression of the immediate-early genes Egr1, Egr2, and Egr3 in two strains of rodents susceptible to audiogenic seizures. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 31 26775236
2020 Loss of EGR3 is an independent risk factor for metastatic progression in prostate cancer. Oncogene 30 32796959
2019 The Metabolomic Profile of Lymphoma Subtypes: A Pilot Study. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 30 31248049
2012 A pilot characterization of human lung NSCLC by protein pathway activation mapping. Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 30 23154546
2024 Use of EMPAgliflozin in the prevention of CARDiotoxicity: the EMPACARD - PILOT trial. Cardio-oncology (London, England) 29 39237985
2019 Immune expression in children with Wilms tumor: a pilot study. Journal of pediatric urology 29 30981637
2016 Candidate gene polymorphisms and risk of psoriasis: A pilot study. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 28 27073425
2021 Pilot-Scale Production of Peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita. Organic process research & development 27 34168423
2021 XIST promotes apoptosis and the inflammatory response in CSE-stimulated cells via the miR-200c-3p/EGR3 axis. BMC pulmonary medicine 27 34243729
2016 A Microbiopsy Method for Immunohistological and Morphological Analysis: A Pilot Study. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 26 26375254
2014 Sexual dimorphism of canine volume: a pilot study. Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 26 25556039
1990 Pilot- and process-scale techniques for cell disruption. Biotechnology and applied biochemistry 26 2092722
1980 A pilot of plasma thioridazine and metabolites in chronically treated patients. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science 25 7388266
2013 Association of decreased prefrontal hemodynamic response during a verbal fluency task with EGR3 gene polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy individuals. NeuroImage 24 23962955
2020 Serum protein biomarkers for juvenile dermatomyositis: a pilot study. BMC rheumatology 23 33015544
2019 Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. root extract enhances the expression of skin barrier genes via EGR3. Journal of ethnopharmacology 23 31655148
2015 Htr2a Expression Responds Rapidly to Environmental Stimuli in an Egr3-Dependent Manner. ACS chemical neuroscience 23 25857407
2019 Sex-Specific Role for Egr3 in Nucleus Accumbens D2-Medium Spiny Neurons Following Long-Term Abstinence From Cocaine Self-administration. Biological psychiatry 22 31858986
2017 WhatsApp for Teaching Pathology Postgraduates: A Pilot Study. Journal of pathology informatics 22 28400995
2016 Early Growth Response 3 (Egr3) Contributes a Maintenance of C2C12 Myoblast Proliferation. Journal of cellular physiology 22 27576048
2015 Injectable intraocular telescope: Pilot study. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery 22 26703288
2014 Pilot the pulse: controlling the multiplicity of receptor dynamics. Trends in pharmacological sciences 22 25455830
2012 Genetic evidence for the association between the early growth response 3 (EGR3) gene and schizophrenia. PloS one 22 22276163
2023 Endometrial microbiota in women with and without adenomyosis: A pilot study. Frontiers in microbiology 21 36744089
2022 A randomized controlled pilot trial of anakinra for hemodialysis inflammation. Kidney international 21 35863559
2018 The Immediate Early Gene Egr3 Is Required for Hippocampal Induction of Bdnf by Electroconvulsive Stimulation. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 20 29867393
2018 PD-L1 assessment in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: a pilot study. BMC cancer 20 29898687
2017 Transcriptomics and methylomics in chronic periodontitis with tobacco use: a pilot study. Clinical epigenetics 20 28811843
2013 Egr2 and Egr3 are the unique regulators for systemic autoimmunity. JAK-STAT 20 24058814
2013 Human SLC26A1 gene variants: a pilot study. TheScientificWorldJournal 20 24250268
1998 Utilization of an NF-ATp binding promoter element for EGR3 expression in T cells but not fibroblasts provides a molecular model for the lymphoid cell-specific effect of cyclosporin A. Molecular and cellular biology 20 9819402
2021 Cocaine-induced neuron subtype mitochondrial dynamics through Egr3 transcriptional regulation. Molecular brain 19 34187517
2021 EGR3-HDAC6-IL-27 Axis Mediates Allergic Inflammation and Is Necessary for Tumorigenic Potential of Cancer Cells Enhanced by Allergic Inflammation-Promoted Cellular Interactions. Frontiers in immunology 19 34234781
2020 Hepatotoxicity of nutmeg: A pilot study based on metabolomics. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 19 33152938
2006 Seroprevalence of toxocariasis in Lebanon: a pilot study. Parasitology 19 16426480
2023 Detection of PatIent-Level distances from single cell genomics and pathomics data with Optimal Transport (PILOT). Molecular systems biology 18 38177382
2018 EGR3 Is a Late Epidermal Differentiation Regulator that Establishes the Skin-Specific Gene Network. The Journal of investigative dermatology 18 30342896
1985 The wish to have a child. A pilot-study of infertile couples. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica 18 4091031
2022 Acute sleep deprivation upregulates serotonin 2A receptors in the frontal cortex of mice via the immediate early gene Egr3. Molecular psychiatry 17 35001075
2021 Sputum Protein Biomarkers in Airway Diseases: A Pilot Study. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 17 34349506
2006 Is there a pilot in a pseudopod? European journal of cell biology 17 16781010
1996 Thiopurine methyltransferase: a review and a clinical pilot study. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications 17 8861653
2022 Identification of activity-induced Egr3-dependent genes reveals genes associated with DNA damage response and schizophrenia. Translational psychiatry 16 35941129
2020 De novo mutations in idiopathic male infertility-A pilot study. Andrology 16 32860660
2018 EGR3 Immediate Early Gene and the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Bipolar Disorder. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 16 29459824
2018 Influence of Schizophrenia-Associated Gene Egr3 on Sleep Behavior and Circadian Rhythms in Mice. Journal of biological rhythms 16 30318979
2009 Dietary intakes in infertile women a pilot study. Nutrition journal 16 19903344
2006 Pilot study of mucosal genetic differences in early smokers and nonsmokers. The Laryngoscope 16 16885739
2023 Posthospital Multidisciplinary Care for AKI Survivors: A Feasibility Pilot. Kidney medicine 15 37964784
2021 Nuclear lipidome is altered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A pilot study. Journal of neurochemistry 15 33905537
2020 Schizophrenia risk candidate EGR3 is a novel transcriptional regulator of RELN and regulates neurite outgrowth via the Reelin signal pathway in vitro. Journal of neurochemistry 15 33113163
2014 Association of Egr3 genetic polymorphisms and coronary artery disease in the Uygur and Han of China. Lipids in health and disease 15 24886494
2009 Reflections on some pilot trials of gastrin receptor blockade in pancreatic cancer. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 15 19131241
2008 Social dysfunction in bipolar disorder: pilot study. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry 15 18622776
2007 Doxycycline: a pilot study to reduce diabetic proteinuria. American journal of nephrology 15 17429196
2020 Flash on gut microbiome in gestational diabetes: a pilot study. The new microbiologica 14 33135080
2020 Cardiac fibroblast miR-27a may function as an endogenous anti-fibrotic by negatively regulating Early Growth Response Protein 3 (EGR3). Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 14 33215816
2004 Prevalence of the sickle cell gene in Yemen: a pilot study. Hemoglobin 14 15658186
2016 Sleep Homeostatic and Waking Behavioral Phenotypes in Egr3-Deficient Mice Associated with Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2 Deficits. Sleep 13 28057087
2024 A pilot oral history of plant synthetic biology. Plant physiology 12 38163646
2024 Shift work promotes adipogenesis via cortisol-dependent downregulation of EGR3-HDAC6 pathway. Cell death discovery 12 38467615
2024 Scaling CO2 Electrolyzer Cell Area from Bench to Pilot. ACS applied materials & interfaces 12 39254196
2014 AnaLysis of Expression on human chromosome 21, ALE-HSA21: a pilot integrated web resource. Database : the journal of biological databases and curation 12 24573881
2014 The transcription factor Egr3 is a putative component of the microtubule organizing center in mouse oocytes. PloS one 12 24722338
2024 egr3 is a mechanosensitive transcription factor gene required for cardiac valve morphogenesis. Science advances 11 38748804
2023 TRPS1 immunohistochemical expression in salivary gland tumors: A pilot study. American journal of clinical pathology 11 37565763
2020 Silencing of microRNA-210 inhibits the progression of liver cancer and hepatitis B virus-associated liver cancer via targeting EGR3. BMC medical genetics 11 32138690
2017 Attenuated Late-Phase Arc Transcription in the Dentate Gyrus of Mice Lacking Egr3. Neural plasticity 11 28589041
2004 The aging/precancerous gastric mucosa: a pilot nutraceutical trial. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 11 15247013
2023 Inducible CRISPR Epigenome Systems Mimic Cocaine Induced Bidirectional Regulation of Nab2 and Egr3. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 10 36849419
2018 Salivary glutathione in bipolar disorder: A pilot study. Journal of affective disorders 10 29894933