Affinage

DPPA3

Developmental pluripotency-associated protein 3 · UniProt Q6W0C5

Length
159 aa
Mass
17.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
83 papers in source corpus 27 papers cited in narrative 26 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

DPPA3 (Stella/PGC7) is a small intrinsically disordered maternal-effect factor that safeguards the epigenome during the oocyte-to-embryo transition, and its loss causes preimplantation developmental failure (PMID:14654002, PMID:15018652). Its central activity is the protection of DNA methylation patterns through two converging routes: it binds H3K9me2-marked maternal chromatin to shield 5-methylcytosine from TET3-mediated oxidation to 5hmC (PMID:22722204), and it inhibits maintenance methylation by directly binding the PHD finger of UHRF1, competing with the histone H3 tail and displacing UHRF1 from chromatin so that DNMT1 cannot be recruited (PMID:25280994, PMID:31018966). Structural work shows DPPA3, though disordered, forms induced α-helices upon engaging the acidic surface of the UHRF1 PHD domain, an interaction mode distinct from canonical PHD ligands (PMID:36420895). In oocytes this UHRF1/DNMT1 antagonism prevents ectopic nuclear accumulation of UHRF1 and DNMT1, protecting the hypomethylated oocyte methylome from aberrant de novo methylation (PMID:30487604), and DPPA3 alone is sufficient to drive large-scale passive demethylation even when expressed in non-mammalian systems (PMID:33235224). DPPA3 also directly binds TET2/TET3 and suppresses their oxidase activity (PMID:24322296), and by limiting Tet3-driven 5hmC it preserves maternal chromosome integrity during replication (PMID:25694116). Beyond chromatin, a proteasomally generated cytoplasmic N-terminal fragment associates with early and recycling endosomes to regulate vesicular trafficking, a function genetically separable from its methylation-protective role (PMID:29158485). The UHRF1-inhibitory activity is species-specific: mouse but not human DPPA3 efficiently blocks UHRF1 chromatin binding, owing to mouse-specific helical elements and higher binding affinity (PMID:38898124, PMID:39774694).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 2003 High

    Established that DPPA3 is an essential maternal-effect gene, framing all later mechanism as occurring during the maternal-to-embryo transition.

    Evidence Targeted maternal-effect knockout in mice with preimplantation phenotyping

    PMID:14654002 PMID:15018652

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of the developmental arrest not defined at this stage
    • Does not identify direct molecular partners
  2. 2006 High

    Localized DPPA3 function to the nucleus and linked it to protection of imprinted loci and parental-genome asymmetry, raising the question of what chromatin feature directs its protection.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence, localization mutants, RanBP5 Co-IP, bisulfite sequencing of imprinted loci in null embryos

    PMID:17143267

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of chromatin recognition unknown
    • How nuclear localization translates to methylation protection unresolved
  3. 2012 High

    Defined the chromatin recognition mechanism, showing DPPA3 binds H3K9me2-marked maternal chromatin to block TET3-mediated 5mC oxidation, explaining parental-genome asymmetry.

    Evidence 5hmC/5mC immunofluorescence in null zygotes, ChIP, binding assays, genetic rescue

    PMID:22722204

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not address maintenance-methylation arm
    • Relationship to direct TET binding not yet established
  4. 2013 Medium

    Showed DPPA3 directly binds and suppresses TET2/TET3, adding a direct enzyme-inhibition mechanism alongside chromatin shielding; a separate study found a context-dependent demethylation-promoting role in PGCs.

    Evidence Co-IP, TET enzymatic assays, ChIP-seq, bisulfite sequencing; oxidative bisulfite sequencing in null PGCs

    PMID:23595900 PMID:24322296

    Open questions at the time
    • Opposing TET-promoting role in PGCs vs TET-inhibiting role in zygotes not reconciled
    • Single-lab enzymatic data
  5. 2014 Medium

    Identified the maintenance-methylation arm, demonstrating DPPA3 binds UHRF1 and blocks DNMT1 recruitment to drive global demethylation; bovine knockdown showed conservation of maternal-genome protection.

    Evidence Enforced expression and Co-IP in NIH3T3; siRNA knockdown and 5hmC staining in bovine oocytes

    PMID:25147917 PMID:25280994

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of UHRF1 binding undefined
    • Somatic-cell system may not reflect zygote context
  6. 2015 Medium

    Expanded DPPA3 roles to chromocenter formation via Daxx and to protection of maternal chromosome integrity by limiting Tet3-dependent γH2AX, linking 5hmC accumulation to genome instability.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence and genetic rescue in null embryos; ectopic 5hmC cell culture assays

    PMID:25694116 PMID:26325466

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic connection between methylation protection and replication integrity incomplete
    • Daxx-regulation pathway not detailed
  7. 2017 High

    Revealed a distinct cytoplasmic function: a proteasome-cleaved N-terminal fragment regulates endosomal trafficking, separating DPPA3's roles into nuclear epigenetic protection and cytoplasmic vesicular control.

    Evidence Cleavage-resistant R60A transgenic mouse, live imaging, endosome/lysosome markers, fragment rescue; embryo transcriptomics for MZT/ERV defects

    PMID:28323615 PMID:29158485

    Open questions at the time
    • Cytoplasmic fragment's molecular trafficking partners unidentified
    • Link between vesicular defect and developmental arrest indirect
  8. 2018 High

    Defined the oocyte methylome-safeguarding mechanism through genetic epistasis, showing DPPA3 loss causes UHRF1/DNMT1 nuclear mislocalization and de novo hypermethylation.

    Evidence Oocyte conditional KO, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, UHRF1/DNMT1 localization, Uhrf1/Dnmt1 compound mutants

    PMID:30487604

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the direct biochemical mode of UHRF1 inhibition
    • Quantitative contribution of TET arm vs UHRF1 arm not partitioned
  9. 2019 High

    Pinpointed the molecular mechanism of UHRF1 antagonism: DPPA3 binds the UHRF1 PHD domain and competes with the H3 tail, increasing UHRF1 nuclear mobility and abolishing chromatin binding.

    Evidence ITC, FRAP live-cell imaging, immunostaining, interaction-defective Stella mutants

    PMID:31018966

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic structure of the complex not yet determined here
    • Did not test sufficiency in heterologous systems
  10. 2020 High

    Demonstrated DPPA3 is sufficient to drive passive demethylation by UHRF1 displacement across species, recasting TET activity as an upstream regulator of Dppa3 expression rather than the direct demethylase.

    Evidence ESC epistasis, Xenopus and medaka expression, UHRF1 ChIP, bisulfite sequencing

    PMID:33235224

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative interplay with TET-mediated active demethylation in vivo unresolved
  11. 2024 High

    Provided atomic-resolution and species-comparative basis showing mouse DPPA3 forms induced helices for high-affinity UHRF1 PHD binding while human DPPA3 binds weakly and fails to inhibit UHRF1, explaining functional divergence.

    Evidence NMR/crystal structures of mouse and human DPPA3-UHRF1 PHD complexes, affinity measurements, Xenopus egg extract assays

    PMID:36420895 PMID:38898124

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of weak human DPPA3-UHRF1 binding in human development unclear
  12. 2024 High

    Extended the mechanism therapeutically, showing mouse but not human STELLA binds the UHRF1 TTD-PHD module to reverse cancer hypermethylation and impair tumorigenicity.

    Evidence Domain-mapping structural studies, human cancer cell assays, LNP mRNA delivery, methylation analysis

    PMID:39774694

    Open questions at the time
    • Off-target effects of global demethylation in tumors not addressed
    • Durability of demethylation reversal unknown
  13. 2024 Medium

    Showed DPPA3 also drives passive, replication-coupled demethylation in primordial germ cells downstream of PRDM14 and independent of TET1, broadening its developmental window.

    Evidence Dppa3 KO mouse, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing in PGCs, epistasis with PRDM14/TET1 mutants

    PMID:38580899

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the UHRF1-displacement mechanism operates identically in PGCs not directly shown
  14. 2024 Medium

    Added a cytoplasmic translational-control function, with DPPA3 promoting maternal mRNA translation via an AKT1-YBX1 phosphorylation axis.

    Evidence Co-IP, phosphorylation assays, oocyte loss-of-function, polysome profiling

    PMID:39696520

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab mechanism
    • Relationship between translational and epigenetic functions unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How DPPA3's multiple nuclear (UHRF1/TET antagonism), cytoplasmic trafficking, and translational/signaling functions are coordinated within a single oocyte/embryo program, and whether weak human DPPA3-UHRF1 binding has a physiological role, remain unresolved.
  • No unified model integrating nuclear and cytoplasmic functions
  • Physiological function of human DPPA3 underdefined
  • Several signaling-axis findings rest on single low-confidence studies

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0042393 histone binding 1 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005694 chromosome 2 GO:0005768 endosome 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 4 R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 1
Partners
DNMT1RANBP5TET2TET3UHRF1

Evidence

Reading pass · 26 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2003 Stella/DPPA3 is a maternal effect gene required for normal preimplantation development; embryos lacking maternally inherited Stella protein fail to reach the blastocyst stage, establishing its essential role in early embryogenesis. Targeted gene disruption in mice; analysis of embryos from Stella-deficient females Current biology : CB High 14654002 15018652
2006 PGC7/Stella protects DNA methylation at several imprinted loci and maintains epigenetic asymmetry between parental genomes in early embryos. It binds RanBP5 (a nuclear transport shuttle protein) and must localize to the nucleus to protect the maternal genome from demethylation. Immunofluorescence, mutant protein analysis, co-immunoprecipitation with RanBP5, bisulfite sequencing of imprinted loci in PGC7-null embryos Nature cell biology High 17143267
2012 PGC7/Stella protects 5-methylcytosine (5mC) from Tet3-mediated oxidation to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in the maternal genome by directly binding to chromatin marked with dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2). Imprinted loci in sperm also marked with H3K9me2 are similarly protected by PGC7 binding. Immunofluorescence for 5hmC/5mC in PGC7-null zygotes, ChIP, biochemical binding assays, genetic rescue experiments in mice Nature High 22722204
2013 PGC7 directly interacts with TET2 and TET3 both in vitro and in vivo, and suppresses their enzymatic (5mC-to-5hmC oxidation) activity. Genome-wide analysis revealed PGC7 binds a consensus DNA motif, and CpG islands near PGC7-binding motifs are hypermethylated. Co-immunoprecipitation (in vitro and in vivo), enzymatic activity assays for TET2/TET3, genome-wide ChIP-seq, bisulfite sequencing Nucleic acids research Medium 24322296
2014 Stella/DPPA3 inhibits maintenance DNA methylation by binding to Np95/UHRF1 and preventing DNMT1 recruitment, leading to global DNA demethylation in NIH3T3 cells upon enforced Stella expression. Enforced expression of Stella in NIH3T3 cells, co-immunoprecipitation with Np95/UHRF1, global methylation assays, DNMT1 recruitment assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 25280994
2015 Stella controls chromocenter formation (CF) in 2-cell embryos by regulating Daxx expression; Stella-null embryos show impaired CF, reduced H3.3 accumulation at pericentromeric regions, and reduced Daxx expression. Enforced Daxx expression restores CF in Stella-null embryos. Immunofluorescence in Stella-null embryos, genetic rescue by Daxx overexpression, analysis of H3.3 and major satellite repeat transcripts Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 26325466
2015 Stella preserves maternal chromosome integrity by inhibiting Tet3-dependent accumulation of γH2AX (phospho-H2AX) in the maternal chromatin; Stella-null zygotes show impaired DNA replication and abnormal chromosome segregation of maternal chromosomes. Ectopic 5hmC induction in cell culture verified that 5hmC triggers γH2AX accumulation and growth retardation. Immunofluorescence for γH2AX and 5hmC in Stella-null zygotes, cell culture assays with ectopic 5hmC, Tet3-dependent genetic analysis EMBO reports Medium 25694116
2017 Cytoplasmic DPPA3 is partially cleaved by the ubiquitin-proteasome system; the N-terminal fragment (residues 1-60) remains in the cytoplasm and associates with early and recycling endosomes to regulate vesicular trafficking. Absence of DPPA3 or prevention of cleavage causes vesicle coalescence/aggregation, decreased lysosome markers, and poor blastocyst development. This cytoplasmic function is distinct from the nuclear DNA-methylation-protective function. Transgenic mouse model (Dppa3 R60A cleavage-resistant mutant), live-cell imaging, endosome/lysosome marker co-localization, LAMP1/2 knockdown phenocopy, in vitro rescue with DPPA3(1-60) fragment Nature communications High 29158485
2017 Loss of maternal Stella results in widespread transcriptional mis-regulation and partial failure of the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), including significantly impaired activation of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), particularly MuERV-L, which in turn leads to failure to upregulate chimeric transcripts. Single-cell/embryo transcriptomics of Stella maternal/zygotic knockout embryos, in vivo MuERV-L knockdown eLife Medium 28323615
2018 Stella safeguards the oocyte methylome by preventing aberrant de novo methylation: loss of Stella causes ectopic nuclear accumulation of UHRF1, which mislocalizes DNMT1 to the nucleus, leading to genome-wide hypermethylation including promoters of inactive genes. Genetic analysis confirmed the primary roles of UHRF1 and DNMT1 in generating the aberrant methylome. Conditional KO in oocytes, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, immunofluorescence for UHRF1/DNMT1 localization, genetic epistasis (Uhrf1/Dnmt1 compound mutants) Nature High 30487604
2019 Stella disrupts UHRF1's association with chromatin by directly binding the plant homeodomain (PHD) of UHRF1 and competing for the interaction between UHRF1 and the histone H3 tail. In the presence of nuclear Stella, UHRF1 cannot bind chromatin and exhibits increased nuclear dynamics. Stella mutants that cannot interact with UHRF1 PHD fail to cause genome-wide demethylation. Biochemical interaction assays, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), immunostaining, live-cell imaging with FRAP, Stella mutant analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 31018966
2020 DPPA3 drives large-scale passive DNA demethylation by directly binding and displacing UHRF1 from chromatin, thereby inhibiting maintenance DNA methylation. TET activity is required indirectly by activating Dppa3 expression. DPPA3 alone is sufficient to induce global DNA demethylation even in non-mammalian species (Xenopus and medaka). Genetic epistasis in mouse ESCs, Xenopus and medaka expression experiments, ChIP for UHRF1 chromatin binding, bisulfite sequencing Nature communications High 33235224
2022 NMR structure of the mouse UHRF1 PHD domain complexed with DPPA3 reveals that DPPA3 (an intrinsically disordered protein) forms induced α-helices upon binding, establishing multifaceted interactions distinct from canonical PHD ligands. Mutations in the binding interface prevent DPPA3 from inhibiting UHRF1 chromatin localization. NMR structure determination, mutagenesis of binding interface, UHRF1 chromatin localization assays Nucleic acids research High 36420895
2024 Crystal/NMR structure of human DPPA3 bound to UHRF1 PHD finger shows that the conserved human DPPA3 85VRT87 motif binds the acidic surface of UHRF1 PHD, but human DPPA3 lacks two unique α-helices present in mouse DPPA3. Human DPPA3 has weaker binding affinity to UHRF1 PHD than mouse DPPA3, and unlike mouse DPPA3, fails to inhibit UHRF1 chromatin binding and DNA remethylation in Xenopus egg extracts. X-ray crystallography/NMR structure, binding affinity measurements, Xenopus egg extract functional assay Communications biology High 38898124
2025 Mouse STELLA (mSTELLA), but not human STELLA (hSTELLA), inhibits UHRF1 oncogenic functions in human cancer cells. Structural studies reveal mSTELLA binds cooperatively to the TTD-PHD domain of UHRF1 through a region of low sequence homology absent in hSTELLA. LNP-delivered mSTELLA mRNA reverses cancer-specific DNA hypermethylation and impairs colorectal cancer tumorigenicity. Structural studies (binding domain mapping), functional assays in human cancer cells, LNP mRNA delivery in cancer models, methylation analysis Nature communications High 39774694
2014 DPPA3 knockdown in bovine oocytes results in increased 5hmC staining in the maternal pronucleus of zygotes, demonstrating a conserved role in protecting the maternal genome from hydroxymethylation. DPPA3 knockdown also decreases developmental competence and reduces ICM cell number in blastocysts. siRNA knockdown in GV-stage bovine oocytes, immunofluorescence for 5hmC, developmental competence assays Epigenetics Medium 25147917
2013 Dppa3 is involved in Tet-mediated active demethylation during primordial germ cell (PGC) reprogramming: Dppa3-null PGCs show higher 5mC levels at retrotransposons (LINE-1 and IAP) and slightly reduced 5hmC, suggesting DPPA3 promotes rather than inhibits TET activity during PGC demethylation. Oxidative bisulfite sequencing and immunofluorescence for 5mC/5hmC in Dppa3-null PGCs Biology of reproduction Medium 23595900
2015 Dppa3 maintains imprinting at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus by antagonizing Dnmt3a binding. Dppa3 is associated with the Dlk1-Dio3 locus and its deficiency causes Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting defects during reprogramming. ChIP at Dlk1-Dio3 locus, methylation analysis, Dppa3-null fibroblast reprogramming assays Nature communications Medium 25613421
2024 PGC7 promotes translation of maternal mRNAs (including Cyclin B1 and YAP1) through an AKT1-YBX1 axis: PGC7 counteracts PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of AKT1, facilitates PDK1-AKT1 binding, and assists AKT1 in phosphorylating the translation inhibitor YBX1 at Serine 100, causing YBX1 dissociation from eIF4E and activating translation. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, loss-of-function in oocytes, polysome profiling/translation assays Cell communication and signaling : CCS Medium 39696520
2023 PGC7 inhibits H3K27me3 accumulation by weakening the interaction between YY1 and PRC2/EZH2, and by promoting AKT-mediated phosphorylation of EZH2 at Serine 21, which inhibits EZH2 activity and causes dissociation of EZH2 from YY1. In PGC7-deficient zygotes, EZH2 accumulates in pronuclei and H3K27me3 increases, impairing zygotic genome activation. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence in PGC7-deficient zygotes, AKT inhibitor (MK2206) treatment, EZH2 phosphorylation assays American journal of physiology. Cell physiology Medium 37306391
2023 DPPA3 establishes a DPPA3-HIF1α feedback loop in colorectal cancer cells that downregulates FOXM1 expression via DNA methylation, thereby delaying cell-cycle progression and conferring a slow-cycling chemoresistant phenotype. Pulse-chase experiments in engineered cells, transcriptomic analysis, DPPA3 overexpression/knockdown with cell-cycle and chemoresistance readouts, HIF1α knockdown rescue Cell reports Medium 37537841
2024 DPPA3 facilitates genome-wide DNA demethylation in mouse primordial germ cells through a replication-coupled passive mechanism, working downstream of PRDM14 and independently of TET1. Dppa3 knockout female PGCs show aberrant hypermethylation predominantly at H3K9me3-marked retrotransposons, persisting into the fully-grown oocyte stage. Dppa3 KO mouse model, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing in PGCs, genetic epistasis with PRDM14 and TET1 mutants BMC genomics Medium 38580899
2019 In somatic cells (HeLa), exogenous Dppa3 can interact with Tet3 by Co-IP but this interaction and suppression of 5hmC is not correlated with H3K9me2 levels, unlike in zygotes. In NIH3T3 cells, expressed Dppa3 preferentially accumulates in the cytoplasm and does not suppress Tet3-mediated 5hmC. In somatic cell-cloned zygotes, Dppa3 distribution and 5hmC accumulation are not affected by H3K9me2 levels. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, somatic cell nuclear transfer embryo analysis Reproduction, fertility, and development Low 30099980
2022 PGC7 and HP1BP3 interact through PGC7's C-terminal tail binding to the central globular domain of HP1BP3; HP1BP3 recruits PGC7 to the Meg3 differentially methylated region (DMR). Cooperative binding of PGC7 and HP1BP3 antagonizes DNMT3A enrichment at the Meg3-DMR and their depletion causes DNA hypermethylation and chromosome decondensation in this region. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP at Meg3-DMR, methylation analysis, chromosome conformation assays in KD cells Journal of cellular biochemistry Low 39422314
2023 PGC7 enhances the interaction between AKT1 and YBX1 and promotes phosphorylation of YBX1 at Serine 100, reducing YBX1 binding to Nanog mRNA and stimulating Nanog translation in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence, western blot for phospho-YBX1, Nanog translation assay Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica Low 40070287
2023 PGC7 regulates genome-wide DNA methylation via ERK-mediated phosphorylation of DNMT1 at Serine 717; ERK phosphorylates DNMT1-Ser717 to promote cytoplasmic retention, and knockdown of PGC7 reduces ERK phosphorylation activity, causing nuclear accumulation of DNMT1 and increased genome-wide methylation. PGC7 knockdown, ERK inhibitor treatment, DNMT1 Ser717Ala phospho-mutant, immunofluorescence for DNMT1 localization, global methylation assays International journal of molecular sciences Low 36834503

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 83 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 PGC7/Stella protects against DNA demethylation in early embryogenesis. Nature cell biology 433 17143267
2012 PGC7 binds histone H3K9me2 to protect against conversion of 5mC to 5hmC in early embryos. Nature 344 22722204
2003 Stella is a maternal effect gene required for normal early development in mice. Current biology : CB 308 14654002
2018 Stella safeguards the oocyte methylome by preventing de novo methylation mediated by DNMT1. Nature 226 30487604
2002 Identification of PGC7, a new gene expressed specifically in preimplantation embryos and germ cells. Mechanisms of development 213 11900980
2018 Embryonic defects induced by maternal obesity in mice derive from Stella insufficiency in oocytes. Nature genetics 140 29459681
2006 Generation of stella-GFP transgenic mice: a novel tool to study germ cell development. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 133 16437550
2004 Dppa3 / Pgc7 / stella is a maternal factor and is not required for germ cell specification in mice. BMC developmental biology 110 15018652
2008 A comprehensive, non-invasive visualization of primordial germ cell development in mice by the Prdm1-mVenus and Dppa3-ECFP double transgenic reporter. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 97 18583473
2017 Stella modulates transcriptional and endogenous retrovirus programs during maternal-to-zygotic transition. eLife 92 28323615
2014 DPPA3 prevents cytosine hydroxymethylation of the maternal pronucleus and is required for normal development in bovine embryos. Epigenetics 58 25147917
2013 PGC7 suppresses TET3 for protecting DNA methylation. Nucleic acids research 56 24322296
2020 Recent evolution of a TET-controlled and DPPA3/STELLA-driven pathway of passive DNA demethylation in mammals. Nature communications 54 33235224
2016 Imprints and DPPA3 are bypassed during pluripotency- and differentiation-coupled methylation reprogramming in testicular germ cell tumors. Genome research 47 27803193
2003 Dppa3 is a marker of pluripotency and has a human homologue that is expressed in germ cell tumours. Cytogenetic and genome research 47 14684992
2015 Dppa3 expression is critical for generation of fully reprogrammed iPS cells and maintenance of Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting. Nature communications 46 25613421
2013 STELLA facilitates differentiation of germ cell and endodermal lineages of human embryonic stem cells. PloS one 44 23457636
2019 Stella protein facilitates DNA demethylation by disrupting the chromatin association of the RING finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase UHRF1. The Journal of biological chemistry 39 31018966
2015 Tbx3 Controls Dppa3 Levels and Exit from Pluripotency toward Mesoderm. Stem cell reports 39 26095607
2014 Inhibition of maintenance DNA methylation by Stella. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 39 25280994
2009 Oct-4 regulates the expression of Stella and Foxj2 at the Nanog locus: implications for the developmental competence of mouse oocytes. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 36 19477878
2015 Stella preserves maternal chromosome integrity by inhibiting 5hmC-induced γH2AX accumulation. EMBO reports 28 25694116
2013 Effects of dppa3 on DNA methylation dynamics during primordial germ cell development in mice. Biology of reproduction 26 23595900
2012 PGC7, H3K9me2 and Tet3: regulators of DNA methylation in zygotes. Cell research 25 22868271
2021 Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity of MB02 (Bevacizumab Biosimilar) versus Reference Bevacizumab in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study (STELLA). BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy 24 33914256
2011 STELLA-positive subregions of the primitive streak contribute to posterior tissues of the mouse gastrula. Developmental biology 24 22019303
2021 PGC7 promotes tumor oncogenic dedifferentiation through remodeling DNA methylation pattern for key developmental transcription factors. Cell death and differentiation 23 33500560
2007 Cardenolides from Saussurea stella with cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Journal of natural products 23 17844995
2004 Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and p53 helps distinguish endometrial Arias-Stella reaction from high-grade carcinoma, including clear cell carcinoma. International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists 23 15213598
2019 Dppa3 is critical for Lin28a-regulated ES cells naïve-primed state conversion. Journal of molecular cell biology 22 30481289
2022 Structural basis for the unique multifaceted interaction of DPPA3 with the UHRF1 PHD finger. Nucleic acids research 21 36420895
2004 Arias-Stella reaction of the endocervix: a report of 18 cases with emphasis on its varied histology and differential diagnosis. The American journal of surgical pathology 21 15105648
2010 Polypoid endometriosis of the uterine cervix with Arias-Stella reaction in a patient taking phytoestrogens. International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists 20 20173505
2009 The characterization of the subpopulation of suppressive B7H4(+) macrophages and the subpopulation of CD25(+) CD4(+) and FOXP3(+) regulatory T-cells in decidua during the secretory cycle phase, Arias Stella reaction, and spontaneous abortion - a preliminary report. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 20 19260861
2005 Adult tissue-specific expression of a Dppa3-derived retrogene represents a postnatal transcript of pluripotent cell origin. The Journal of biological chemistry 20 16291741
2018 Dppa3 in pluripotency maintenance of ES cells and early embryogenesis. Journal of cellular biochemistry 19 30417435
2017 Cytoplasmic cleavage of DPPA3 is required for intracellular trafficking and cleavage-stage development in mice. Nature communications 18 29158485
2012 H3K9me2 attracts PGC7 in the zygote to prevent Tet3-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine. Journal of molecular cell biology 17 22750790
2015 Stella controls chromocenter formation through regulation of Daxx expression in 2-cell embryos. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 16 26325466
2021 The software defined implantable modular platform (STELLA) for preclinical deep brain stimulation research in rodents. Journal of neural engineering 15 34542029
2011 Drug-inducible gene recombination by the Dppa3-MER Cre MER transgene in the developmental cycle of the germ cell lineage in mice. Biology of reproduction 15 21525417
2004 Phylogenetic relationships of the genera Stella, Labrys and Angulomicrobium within the 'Alphaproteobacteria' and description of Angulomicrobium amanitiforme sp. nov. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 15 15143003
2022 Stella Regulates the Development of Female Germline Stem Cells by Modulating Chromatin Structure and DNA Methylation. International journal of biological sciences 14 35541912
2014 Primary stenting of TASC C and D femoropopliteal lesions: results of the STELLA register at 30 months. Annals of vascular surgery 13 24709402
2025 Defining ortholog-specific UHRF1 inhibition by STELLA for cancer therapy. Nature communications 12 39774694
2022 Maternal Factor Dppa3 Activates 2C-Like Genes and Depresses DNA Methylation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 12 35721479
2020 Use of Immunohistochemical Markers (HNF-1β, Napsin A, ER, CTH, and ASS1) to Distinguish Endometrial Clear Cell Carcinoma From Its Morphologic Mimics Including Arias-Stella Reaction. International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists 11 31094885
2017 MAD2L2 Promotes Open Chromatin in Embryonic Stem Cells and Derepresses the Dppa3 Locus. Stem cell reports 11 28330620
2018 Suppression of dsRNA response genes and innate immunity following Oct4, Stella, and Nanos2 overexpression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cytokine 10 29501710
2022 Dppa3 facilitates self-renewal of embryonic stem cells by stabilization of pluripotent factors. Stem cell research & therapy 9 35477484
2017 STELLA collaborates in distinct mesendodermal cell subpopulations at the fetal-placental interface in the mouse gastrula. Developmental biology 9 28322735
2020 Overexpression of PGC7 in donor cells maintains the DNA methylation status of imprinted genes in goat embryos derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. Theriogenology 8 32344274
2017 Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of PGC7-Interacting Proteins. Journal of proteome research 8 28712289
2024 PGC7 regulates maternal mRNA translation via AKT1-YBX1 interactions in mouse oocytes. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 7 39696520
2023 DPPA3-HIF1α axis controls colorectal cancer chemoresistance by imposing a slow cell-cycle phenotype. Cell reports 7 37537841
2011 Stella-Cre mice are highly efficient Cre deleters. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 7 21786403
2024 Structure of human DPPA3 bound to the UHRF1 PHD finger reveals its functional and structural differences from mouse DPPA3. Communications biology 6 38898124
2023 PGC7 Regulates Genome-Wide DNA Methylation by Regulating ERK-Mediated Subcellular Localization of DNMT1. International journal of molecular sciences 5 36834503
2019 Napsin A, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1-Beta (HNF-1β), Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Expression in Arias-Stella Reaction. The American journal of surgical pathology 5 30608233
2024 DPPA3 facilitates genome-wide DNA demethylation in mouse primordial germ cells. BMC genomics 4 38580899
2022 Involvement of PGC7 and UHRF1 in the regulation of DNA methylation of the IG-DMR in the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 4 35866604
2012 Arias-Stella reaction of the cervix: The enduring diagnostic challenge. The American journal of case reports 4 23569547
1983 [Staining behavior and applicability of spectrally pure Capriblue GN, Stella Blue, Oxonin and Punky Blue]. Acta histochemica 4 6192665
2019 Dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 is dispensable for the interaction between developmental pluripotency-associated protein 3 (Dppa3) and ten-eleven translocation 3 (Tet3) in somatic cells. Reproduction, fertility, and development 3 30099980
2018 Identification of microsatellite loci in sea anemones Aulactinia stella and Cribrinopsis albopunctata (family Actiniidae). F1000Research 3 29721310
2024 ZFP982 confers mouse embryonic stem cell characteristics by regulating expression of Nanog, Zfp42, and Dppa3. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research 2 38342310
2024 Unveiling dissociation mechanisms and binding patterns in the UHRF1-DPPA3 complex via multi-replica molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of molecular modeling 2 38767734
2024 Proliferating and migrating effects of regenerating sea anemone Aulactinia stella cells-derived exosomes on human skin fibroblasts. Natural product research 2 38824422
2023 Utility of AMACR immunohistochemical staining in differentiating Arias-Stella reaction from clear cell carcinoma of ovary and endometrium. BMC cancer 2 37041497
2016 Pluripotency induction in HEK293T cells by concurrent expression of STELLA, OCT4 and NANOS2. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2 27794480
2014 144-week outcomes of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based first-line ART in 1,409 HIV-infected patients: data from the German STAR/STELLA cohort. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2 25397514
2012 Defragged Binary I Ching Genetic Code Chromosomes Compared to Nirenberg's and Transformed into Rotating 2D Circles and Squares and into a 3D 100% Symmetrical Tetrahedron Coupled to a Functional One to Discern Start From Non-Start Methionines through a Stella Octangula. Journal of proteome science and computational biology 2 23431415
2001 Arias-Stella atypia in a paratubal cyst: a rare phenomenon with potential diagnostic pitfalls. Acta cytologica 2 11480731
1997 Cellular characteristics of Arias-Stella reaction in ectopic pregnancy. Immunocytochemical studies with epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin. Acta cytologica 2 9100755
2024 Interaction of PGC7 and HP1BP3 Maintains Meg3-DMR Methylation by Regulating Chromatin Configuration. Journal of cellular biochemistry 1 39422314
2023 PGC7 regulates H3K27me3 modification by inhibiting the interaction of YY1 with PRC2. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 1 37306391
2022 Draft genome data of Prunus avium cv 'Stella'. Data in brief 1 36164303
2017 Arias-Stella Reaction With Signet Ring-Like Cell Histomorphology. International journal of surgical pathology 1 29172819
2026 STELLA: a spatial transcriptomics framework for microenvironment decoding using dynamic graph neural networks. Science China. Life sciences 0 42258138
2025 PGC7 maintains the pluripotency of F9 embryonic carcinoma cells by promoting Nanog translation. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 0 40070287
2025 The embryonic DPPA3 gene stimulates the expression of pregnancy-related genes in bovine endometrial cells. Journal of dairy science 0 40222672
2023 Dppa3 Improves the Germline Competence of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem cell reviews and reports 0 37171679
2017 Is the Stella™ 5L system an effective cold sterilization technique for needle-based confocal miniprobes? Endoscopic ultrasound 0 28621298

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for DPPA3? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.