| 1998 |
DOK2 (p56dok-2) was purified from BCR-ABL-expressing CML cells as a 56-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein. It encodes a 412-amino acid protein with an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, 13 potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites, six PXXP motifs, and directly binds to p120(RasGAP). |
Protein purification, cDNA cloning, domain analysis, RasGAP binding assay |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
9478921
|
| 2003 |
In human platelets, DOK2 undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation upon stimulation by thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP), collagen receptor GPVI signaling, and outside-in signaling through integrin αIIbβ3. |
2D gel electrophoresis, LC-MS/MS proteomics, phosphotyrosine analysis |
Blood |
Medium |
14645010
|
| 2004 |
Dok-1 and Dok-2 double-knockout mice develop spontaneous CML-like myeloproliferative disease with enhanced Ras/MAPK (ERK) and Akt activation, demonstrating that both proteins are required for negative regulation of RAS/MAP kinase signaling downstream of tyrosine kinases in hematopoietic cells. Single knockouts show normal hematopoiesis. |
Single and double knockout mouse generation, hematopoietic analysis, Ras/MAPK activation assays |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
15611294 15611295
|
| 2005 |
LPS rapidly induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Dok-1 and Dok-2 in macrophages downstream of TLR4. Knockout of either protein leads to elevated ERK (but not NF-κB or other MAP kinases) activation and hyperproduction of TNF-α, while forced expression of Dok-2 (but not a Tyr/Phe substitution mutant) inhibits LPS-induced ERK activation, establishing Dok-2 as a negative regulator of TLR4-dependent Ras-ERK signaling requiring its tyrosine phosphorylation. |
Dok-1/Dok-2 knockout macrophages, forced expression with Tyr/Phe mutant, ERK/NF-κB activity assays, cytokine measurement |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
15699069
|
| 2005 |
The PTB domain of Dok-2 mediates phosphotyrosine-dependent homotypic (Dok-2/Dok-2) and heterotypic (Dok-1/Dok-2) oligomerization. Mutation of either the PTB domain or Tyr139 of Dok-2 abrogates CD2-induced Dok-2 phosphorylation and its ability to inhibit CD2-induced ERK1/2 and NFAT activation, indicating PTB-mediated oligomerization is required for Dok-2 phosphorylation and inhibitory function. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, PTB domain mutant and Tyr139Phe mutant overexpression, ERK and NFAT reporter assays in Jurkat cells |
Journal of immunology |
Medium |
16177091
|
| 2006 |
After TCR stimulation, Dok-2 (and Dok-1) form a multimolecular complex including SHIP-1 and Grb-2 that interacts with the membrane scaffold LAT. SHIP-1 favors recruitment of Dok-2 to LAT. Knockdown of Dok-2 (and Dok-1) reveals their negative regulation of Akt and Zap-70 activation, placing them in a LAT-dependent negative feedback loop that attenuates early TCR signaling. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, LAT/SHIP-1 siRNA knockdown, phospho-Akt and phospho-Zap-70 analysis in T cells |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
17043143
|
| 2006 |
In platelets, Dok-2 phosphorylation is downstream of GPVI and integrin αIIbβ3 (but Dok-1 is not); Dok-2 phosphorylation is inhibited by Src kinase inhibitors and intracellular calcium chelation; Dok-2 coimmunoprecipitates with integrin αIIbβ3, suggesting a physical and functional interaction in integrin outside-in signaling. |
Differential phosphorylation analysis, Src kinase inhibitors, calcium chelation, co-immunoprecipitation in mouse platelets |
Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis |
Medium |
17092301
|
| 2007 |
Dok-1 and Dok-2 negatively regulate ZAP-70 activation upon TCR stimulation. Mice lacking both proteins show elevated ZAP-70 activation, proliferation, and cytokine production in T cells. Importantly, forced expression of Dok-1 or Dok-2 in CD3+CD4+ T cells inhibited ZAP-70 activation, and this effect was independent of the C-terminal SH2 target motifs, indicating a novel mechanism distinct from the classical RasGAP-recruiting adaptor function. |
Dok-1/Dok-2 knockout mice, forced expression in T cell clones, phospho-ZAP-70 and proliferation assays, C-terminal deletion mutant analysis |
International immunology |
High |
17329234
|
| 2009 |
The CD200 receptor (CD200R) directly recruits Dok-2 via its phosphorylated NPLY (PTB domain-binding) motif with ~1 µM affinity (10-fold higher than Dok-1). Dok-2 is then phosphorylated and recruits RasGAP. siRNA knockdown of Dok-2 and RasGAP abolished CD200R-mediated inhibition of human myeloid cells, while Dok-1 and SHIP knockdown had no effect, establishing a Dok-2–RasGAP axis as essential for CD200R signaling. |
Phosphopeptide binding affinity measurement, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown of Dok-2/Dok-1/RasGAP/SHIP in U937 cells, NPLY mutant receptor constructs |
Journal of immunology |
High |
19786546
|
| 2009 |
The PH domains of Dok-1 and Dok-2 bind phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns5P) in vitro, and PtdIns5P production upon TCR triggering correlates with and is required for Dok tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo. PH domain deletion prevents tyrosine phosphorylation and negative signaling function, linking lipid-PH domain interaction to Dok-2 activation. |
In vitro lipid-binding assay (PH domain–PtdIns5P), PtdIns5P manipulation in T cells, PH domain deletion mutant analysis, phosphotyrosine detection |
Journal of immunology |
Medium |
19299694
|
| 2012 |
Dok2 phosphorylation is required for the inhibitory effect of CD200R activation (via CD200Fc) on microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNFα) production; siRNA knockdown of Dok2 abrogates the anti-inflammatory effects of CD200Fc in cultured glia. |
siRNA knockdown of Dok2 in glial cells, CD200Fc stimulation, cytokine measurement, microglial activation marker analysis |
Journal of neuroinflammation |
Medium |
22642833
|
| 2013 |
DOK2 participates in a negative feedback loop downstream of mutant EGFR: mutated EGFR leads to recruitment of DOK2 to EGFR and DOK2-mediated inhibition of downstream RAS activation. Loss of Dok2 in mice accelerates EGFR-mutant (but not Kras-mutant) lung tumorigenesis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of DOK2 with EGFR, RAS activation assays, genetically engineered mouse models with EGFR mutation and Dok2 knockout |
PloS one |
High |
24255704
|
| 2013 |
Loss of DOK2 decreases apoptosis in response to carboplatin treatment and reduces anoikis in ovarian cancer cells, linking DOK2 function to pro-apoptotic signaling downstream of platinum-induced damage. |
siRNA/shRNA knockdown of DOK2 in ovarian cancer cell lines, carboplatin resistance assay, apoptosis and anoikis measurement |
Gynecologic oncology |
Medium |
23684582
|
| 2013 |
TLR2 activation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Dok-1 and Dok-2 in both astrocytes and microglia. In astrocytes, siRNA knockdown of both Dok1 and Dok2 elevates TLR2-induced ERK, NF-κB activation, and IL-6 production. In microglia, Dok1 knockdown (but not Dok2 knockdown) affects NF-κB activation and IL-6, revealing cell-type-specific differential roles. |
siRNA knockdown of Dok1 and Dok2 in primary glia, phosphotyrosine western blotting, ERK/NF-κB activation assays, IL-6 measurement |
Molecular and cellular neurosciences |
Medium |
23659921
|
| 2014 |
Dok-2 in platelets is primarily phosphorylated by Lyn kinase. Dok-2 deficiency leads to dysregulated integrin αIIbβ3-dependent cytosolic calcium flux and PI(3,4)P2 accumulation. Dok-2(-/-) platelets exhibit shear-dependent increases in integrin αIIbβ3 adhesive function affecting membrane tether regulation, resulting in enhanced platelet aggregate formation and accelerated thrombus growth in vivo. |
Dok-2 knockout mice, Lyn kinase identification, calcium flux assay, PI(3,4)P2 measurement, platelet adhesion under flow, in vivo thrombosis model |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
24385425
|
| 2014 |
Dok-1 and Dok-2 are tyrosine phosphorylated upon NK cell activation. Overexpression of Dok proteins in human NK cells reduces activation by NK-activating receptors. Dok1/Dok2 gene ablation in mice causes NK cell maturation defects and increased IFN-γ production, establishing their role in a negative feedback loop downstream of NK-activating receptors. |
Overexpression in human NK cells, Dok1/Dok2 knockout mice, NK cell maturation and IFN-γ production assays |
The EMBO journal |
High |
24963146
|
| 2014 |
Dok2 protein localizes to the nucleus of erythroleukemia cells and binds directly to the promoter region of the Klf1 gene, repressing Klf1 transcription; Dok2 knockdown leads to increased Klf1 mRNA expression. |
Immunocytochemistry for nuclear localization, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of Dok2 at Klf1 promoter, siRNA knockdown with RT-PCR |
Anticancer research |
Low |
25075100
|
| 2017 |
HSV-1 infection of T cells induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Dok-2 and its selective degradation. Dok-2 physically interacts with the viral tegument protein VP11/12, and this interaction requires the Src Family Kinase-binding motifs and SHC-binding motif of VP11/12. Both the phosphorylation and degradation of Dok-2 are dependent on VP11/12. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of Dok-2 with VP11/12, VP11/12 binding motif mutants, western blotting for phosphorylation and protein levels upon HSV-1 infection |
Virology |
Medium |
28841444
|
| 2018 |
Compound heterozygous deletion of Dok2 and Dusp4 (co-deleted in ~50% of human lung adenocarcinomas) in mice causes lung tumorigenesis with short latency. Their co-deletion synergistically activates MAPK signaling and promotes cell proliferation; restoration of DOK2 and DUSP4 in lung cancer cells suppresses MAPK activation and cell proliferation. |
Compound heterozygous mouse model, MAPK activation assays, DOK2/DUSP4 restoration in cancer cell lines, cell proliferation assays |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
30475228
|
| 2004 |
Dok-1 and Dok-2 are major tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins associated with the Tec tyrosine kinase in T cells. Dok-1 or Dok-2 expression provides negative feedback regulation of Tec by downregulating its tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream Ras pathway signaling. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of Dok-1/Dok-2 with Tec, Tec phosphorylation and Ras pathway activity assays upon Dok overexpression in T cells |
Oncogene |
Medium |
14647425
|