Affinage

DNAAF2

Protein kintoun · UniProt Q9NVR5

Length
837 aa
Mass
91.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
65 papers in source corpus 14 papers cited in narrative 14 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

DNAAF2 (also known as KTU/PF13) is a PIH-domain-containing cytoplasmic protein essential for the pre-assembly of axonemal outer and inner dynein arm complexes before their intraflagellar transport into cilia and flagella. It functions within an HSP90-associated co-chaperone complex together with DNAAF4/DYX1C1 and interacts with additional assembly factors including SPAG1, HEATR2, PIH1D3, and C11orf70/CFAP300, localizing to perinuclear dynein assembly foci during ciliogenesis (PMID:19052621, PMID:23872636, PMID:28176794, PMID:29358401). Loss of DNAAF2 results in absence of both outer and inner dynein arms from axonemes, complete loss of ciliary and flagellar motility, left–right patterning defects, and embryonic lethality in mice, and biallelic mutations cause primary ciliary dyskinesia in humans (PMID:19052621, PMID:31107948). Genetic epistasis analysis in Chlamydomonas demonstrates that DNAAF2 operates at a distinct but partially overlapping step relative to other PIH-family assembly factors (MOT48, TWI1), with different PIH proteins required for preassembly of specific dynein subtypes (PMID:20603327, PMID:33141819, PMID:29741156).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2008 High

    The fundamental question of how axonemal dynein arms reach the ciliary compartment was answered: DNAAF2/KTU/PF13 was identified as a cytoplasmic factor required for pre-assembly of both outer and inner dynein arms before intraflagellar transport, establishing the concept of cytoplasmic dynein preassembly.

    Evidence Genetic mutant analysis in medaka (ktu), Chlamydomonas (pf13), and human PCD patients with biochemical fractionation and TEM

    PMID:19052621

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which DNAAF2 promotes dynein preassembly was unknown
    • Whether DNAAF2 acts alone or in a complex was unresolved
    • Substrate specificity for individual dynein subtypes was not determined
  2. 2010 High

    The PIH domain of DNAAF2 was recognized as functionally significant, and comparison with MOT48 established that discrete PIH-domain proteins control preassembly of distinct dynein subsets rather than a single universal factor assembling all dyneins.

    Evidence Chlamydomonas ida10/mot48 mutant analysis with axonemal dynein composition profiling

    PMID:20603327

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct chaperone partners of DNAAF2 were not yet identified
    • Which specific dynein subtypes require DNAAF2 versus other PIH proteins was not fully mapped
  3. 2012 High

    DNAAF3/PF22 was placed in the same conserved multistep cytoplasmic pathway as DNAAF2, demonstrating that dynein preassembly involves multiple cooperating non-PIH factors and is not accomplished by PIH proteins alone.

    Evidence Human situs inversus family genetics, zebrafish knockdown, Chlamydomonas PF22-null mutant dynein subunit analysis

    PMID:22387996

    Open questions at the time
    • Ordering of DNAAF2 versus DNAAF3 action within the pathway was unclear
    • Physical interactions between DNAAF2 and DNAAF3 were not demonstrated
  4. 2013 High

    DNAAF4/DYX1C1 was identified as a direct physical partner of DNAAF2 in respiratory epithelial cytoplasm, and its chaperone-enriched interactome suggested that the DNAAF2–DNAAF4 complex operates as part of a chaperone-mediated assembly machine.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, mouse knockout, zebrafish morpholino, human mutation analysis

    PMID:23872636

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the chaperone (HSP90) in the complex was not yet confirmed
    • Stoichiometry and architecture of the complex were unknown
  5. 2016 High

    PIH1D3 was shown to co-precipitate with DNAAF2 and DNAAF4, expanding the known composition of the dynein preassembly complex and linking additional PCD-causing mutations to this machinery.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation of PIH1D3 with DNAAF2/DNAAF4, TEM, human mutation identification; independently replicated

    PMID:28041644 PMID:28176794

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PIH1D3 and DNAAF2 act simultaneously or sequentially was unresolved
    • Exact subunit composition of a single complex versus multiple subcomplexes was unclear
  6. 2017 High

    The DNAAF2–DNAAF4 interaction was placed in the context of an R2TP-like HSP90 co-chaperone complex, directly linking DNAAF2 function to HSP90-dependent protein folding/stabilization of dynein clients.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, TEM, and human genetic analysis

    PMID:28176794

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether DNAAF2 directly binds HSP90 or acts through DNAAF4 was not resolved
    • Reconstitution of chaperone activity in vitro was not achieved
  7. 2018 High

    Multiple advances refined the spatial, temporal, and interactor context of DNAAF2: it localizes to perinuclear foci with HEATR2 and SPAG1 during early ciliogenesis; it physically interacts with SPAG1 (by FRET and Co-IP) and C11orf70/CFAP300; and cryo-ET in zebrafish resolved which specific dynein subtypes require DNAAF2 for assembly.

    Evidence FRET, Co-IP, live-cell imaging in primary airway cells (PMID:29358401); Co-IP plus TEM in human cells (PMID:29727693); cryo-electron tomography of zebrafish sperm axonemes (PMID:29741156)

    PMID:29358401 PMID:29727693 PMID:29741156

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of DNAAF2–SPAG1 interaction not determined
    • C11orf70–DNAAF2 interaction validated by single Co-IP only
    • Temporal ordering of DNAAF2 perinuclear foci relative to dynein subunit delivery not fully established
  8. 2019 Medium

    IP-MS in Chlamydomonas revealed that DNAAF2/PF13 does NOT form an R2TP-like complex with RuvBL1/2 and RPAP3, unlike MOT48, distinguishing DNAAF2 from canonical R2TP and indicating it operates through a structurally distinct co-chaperone configuration. Separately, mouse Dnaaf2-null embryos showed embryonic lethality and laterality defects, proving essential in vivo function.

    Evidence IP-MS and reciprocal Co-IP in Chlamydomonas (PMID:30428028); mouse knockout embryonic phenotyping (PMID:31107948)

    PMID:30428028 PMID:31107948

    Open questions at the time
    • What replaces RuvBL1/2 in the DNAAF2 complex is unknown
    • Precise stage of embryonic lethality and whether it is solely cilia-dependent was not fully defined
  9. 2020 High

    Genetic epistasis using Chlamydomonas double mutants demonstrated that DNAAF2/PF13 operates at a distinct but partially overlapping step relative to MOT48 and TWI1, with combinatorial loss producing additive motility and dynein assembly defects.

    Evidence Double-mutant analysis with axonemal composition and motility assays in Chlamydomonas

    PMID:33141819

    Open questions at the time
    • Biochemical basis of partial overlap between PIH proteins not characterized
    • Whether this epistatic relationship is conserved in vertebrates is untested
  10. 2021 Medium

    Cell-type-specific analysis revealed that DNAAF2 loss eliminates ODAs completely in sperm flagella but only partially in respiratory cilia, because respiratory cilia possess two distinct ODA types (proximal and distal), only one of which requires DNAAF2.

    Evidence TEM and immunofluorescence comparison of sperm and respiratory cilia from DNAAF2-mutant males

    PMID:33635866

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular identity of the DNAAF2-independent ODA type in proximal respiratory cilia not characterized
    • Whether compensatory assembly factors exist in respiratory cilia is unknown
  11. 2022 Medium

    A disease-causing DNAAF4 missense mutation (p.G373E) was shown to abolish DNAAF4–DNAAF2 interaction, directly demonstrating that this protein–protein interaction is functionally required for dynein arm preassembly in human disease.

    Evidence Co-IP of mutant versus wild-type DNAAF4 with DNAAF2, Western blot, WES, TEM

    PMID:36583018

    Open questions at the time
    • Interaction interface between DNAAF4 and DNAAF2 not structurally defined
    • Single Co-IP without reciprocal pull-down from the DNAAF2 side

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The precise molecular mechanism by which DNAAF2 promotes dynein arm folding or stabilization remains unresolved: no in vitro reconstitution of its chaperone activity exists, its direct dynein substrates have not been biochemically defined, no structural model of the DNAAF2-containing complex is available, and the identity of its ATPase partner (given its exclusion from canonical RuvBL1/2-containing R2TP) is unknown.
  • No in vitro reconstituted chaperone activity
  • No structural model of any DNAAF2-containing complex
  • Direct dynein heavy chain substrates not biochemically identified
  • ATPase component of the DNAAF2 co-chaperone complex unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 4
Partners
CFAP300DNAAF4HEATR2HSP90PIH1D3SPAG1
Complex memberships
DNAAF2–DNAAF4–HSP90 R2TP-like co-chaperone complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 14 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2008 Ktu/PF13 (DNAAF2) is required for cytoplasmic pre-assembly of axonemal dynein arm complexes before intraflagellar transport loads them into the ciliary compartment. In the absence of Ktu/PF13, both outer and inner dynein arms are missing or defective in the axoneme, leading to loss of motility. Biochemical and immunohistochemical studies confirmed its cytoplasmic role in dynein pre-assembly in medaka, Chlamydomonas (pf13 mutant), and human PCD patients. Genetic mutant analysis (medaka ktu mutant, Chlamydomonas pf13 mutant), biochemical fractionation, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, human mutation identification Nature High 19052621
2010 PF13/KTU (DNAAF2) contains a PIH (protein interacting with HSP90) domain and is involved in preassembly of outer arm dynein and some inner arm dyneins, possibly as a cofactor of molecular chaperones. A related PIH protein MOT48 functions in preassembly of a different subset of inner arm dyneins, demonstrating that discrete PIH proteins function in preassembly of distinct dynein subsets. Chlamydomonas mutant analysis (ida10/mot48), axonemal dynein composition analysis, comparative genomics of PIH protein family The Journal of cell biology High 20603327
2012 DNAAF3 (PF22) acts at a similar preassembly stage as DNAAF2 (PF13/KTU) and DNAAF1 in the cytoplasmic dynein preassembly pathway. Altered abundance of dynein subunits in PF22-null Chlamydomonas cytoplasm supports DNAAF3 functioning in the same conserved multistep pathway as DNAAF2. Loss-of-function mutations in humans (situs inversus families), zebrafish dnaaf3 knockdown, Chlamydomonas PF22-null mutant analysis, dynein subunit abundance measurement Nature genetics High 22387996
2013 DYX1C1 (DNAAF4) interacts with DNAAF2 (KTU) in the cytoplasm of respiratory epithelial cells, functioning together in the cytoplasmic assembly of outer and inner dynein arms. DYX1C1's interactome is enriched for molecular chaperones, consistent with a chaperone-mediated dynein pre-assembly complex. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence localization, mouse knockout and ENU mutant phenotyping, zebrafish morpholino knockdown, human mutation identification Nature genetics High 23872636
2017 DNAAF2 is part of an HSP90 co-chaperone complex analogous to the R2TP complex (DNAAF2-DNAAF4-HSP90) that stabilizes and pre-assembles axonemal dynein arms in the cytoplasm before their import into cilia. PIH1D3 is part of a complementary conserved R2TP-like HSP90 co-chaperone complex that affects assembly of a subset of inner arm dyneins. Human genetic mutation analysis, co-immunoprecipitation (PIH1D3 with DNAAF2 and DNAAF4), immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy Nature communications High 28176794
2016 PIH1D3 interacts and co-precipitates with cytoplasmic ODA/IDA assembly factors DNAAF2 and DNAAF4, placing PIH1D3 in the same dynein preassembly complex as DNAAF2. Co-immunoprecipitation of PIH1D3 with DNAAF2 and DNAAF4, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, human mutation identification American journal of human genetics High 28041644
2018 DNAAF2 is part of an early phase of ciliogenesis preassembly protein expression, preceding other preassembly proteins and independent of MCIDAS regulation. DNAAF2 colocalizes with HEATR2 and SPAG1 within perinuclear foci containing dynein arm proteins, and DNAAF2 interacts with SPAG1 as shown by immunoprecipitation and FRET analysis. FRET analysis, immunoprecipitation, live-cell imaging during ciliogenesis in primary airway epithelial cells and iPSC-derived cells, HEAT domain deletion analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 29358401
2018 C11orf70 (CFAP300) interacts with DNAAF2 in the cytoplasm, supporting a role for C11orf70 as a preassembly factor in the same cytoplasmic dynein-arm assembly pathway as DNAAF2. Loss of C11orf70 causes loss of both ODA and IDA. Co-immunoprecipitation of C11orf70 with DNAAF2, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, human mutation identification American journal of human genetics Medium 29727693
2018 Systematic zebrafish mutant analysis of all four PIH proteins (pih1d1, pih1d2, ktu/DNAAF2, twister) by cryo-electron tomography of spermatozoa revealed that ktu/DNAAF2 is required for assembly of specific dynein subtypes; mutations cause loss of specific dynein subtypes correlated with abnormal sperm motility and severe defects in Kupffer's vesicle cilia. Zebrafish mutant generation, cryo-electron tomography of axonemal dynein structure in spermatozoa, sperm motility analysis eLife High 29741156
2019 In Chlamydomonas, WDR92 physically interacts with the R2TP-like complex (RuvBL1/2, RPAP3) and with multiple DNAAFs including MOT48, ODA7, and DYX1C1. Importantly, PF13 (DNAAF2) did NOT form an R2TP-like complex with RuvBL1/2 and RPAP3, unlike MOT48, distinguishing DNAAF2 from other PIH proteins in complex composition. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry, reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, Chlamydomonas insertional mutant analysis Journal of molecular cell biology Medium 30428028
2019 Homozygous null mutation of Dnaaf2 in mice (C57Bl/6NJ background) causes embryonic lethality, with embryos failing to progress beyond organogenesis stages and displaying left-right patterning defects, demonstrating that DNAAF2 is an essential component of cilia function in vivo. Mouse null allele (from IMPC), embryonic phenotyping, left-right patterning assessment Human molecular genetics Medium 31107948
2020 In Chlamydomonas, PF13 (DNAAF2), MOT48, and TWI1 define different steps with partially overlapping functions in the pathway required for ciliary dynein preassembly. Double mutants (twi1-1;pf13 and mot48-2;twi1-1) show greater defects in motility and dynein assembly than single mutants, demonstrating epistatic interactions among PIH proteins. Chlamydomonas mutant isolation, double-mutant analysis (genetic epistasis), axonemal dynein composition analysis, motility assays PLoS genetics High 33141819
2021 Loss of DNAAF2/KTU in human sperm causes complete loss of outer dynein arms (ODAs), while respiratory cilia from the same individual can retain ODAs in the proximal ciliary compartment. This difference is consistent with only one ODA type in sperm versus two distinct ODA types in proximal and distal respiratory ciliary axonemes, establishing distinct requirements for DNAAF2-dependent preassembly in different ciliated cell types. High-speed video microscopy, transmission electron microscopy of sperm flagella, immunofluorescence comparison of sperm and respiratory cilia from DNAAF2 mutant males PLoS genetics Medium 33635866
2022 A missense mutation in DNAAF4 (p.G373E) reduces the stability of DNAAF4 protein and abolishes its interaction with DNAAF2, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation after transfection of mutant versus wild-type DNAAF4 plasmids, confirming that the DNAAF4-DNAAF2 protein-protein interaction is functionally required for dynein preassembly. Co-immunoprecipitation, plasmid transfection, Western blot for protein stability, whole-exome sequencing, transmission electron microscopy Frontiers in genetics Medium 36583018

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 65 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 Ktu/PF13 is required for cytoplasmic pre-assembly of axonemal dyneins. Nature 292 19052621
2013 DYX1C1 is required for axonemal dynein assembly and ciliary motility. Nature genetics 221 23872636
2012 Mutations in axonemal dynein assembly factor DNAAF3 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia. Nature genetics 210 22387996
1993 Cloning of flagellar genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by DNA insertional mutagenesis. Genetics 191 8244002
2013 Molecular evidence for the localization of Plasmodium falciparum immature gametocytes in bone marrow. Blood 132 24335496
2017 X-linked primary ciliary dyskinesia due to mutations in the cytoplasmic axonemal dynein assembly factor PIH1D3. Nature communications 120 28176794
2016 Mutations in PIH1D3 Cause X-Linked Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Outer and Inner Dynein Arm Defects. American journal of human genetics 111 28041644
2007 Features of apoptosis in Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stage through a putative role of PfMCA1 metacaspase-like protein. The Journal of infectious diseases 91 17492602
2014 Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum K13 propeller gene from Bangladesh (2009-2013). Malaria journal 77 25404021
2021 Defects in the cytoplasmic assembly of axonemal dynein arms cause morphological abnormalities and dysmotility in sperm cells leading to male infertility. PLoS genetics 66 33635866
2018 Establishment of the early cilia preassembly protein complex during motile ciliogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 66 29358401
2010 Discrete PIH proteins function in the cytoplasmic preassembly of different subsets of axonemal dyneins. The Journal of cell biology 59 20603327
2018 Mutations in C11orf70 Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Randomization of Left/Right Body Asymmetry Due to Defects of Outer and Inner Dynein Arms. American journal of human genetics 53 29727693
2018 Systematic studies of all PIH proteins in zebrafish reveal their distinct roles in axonemal dynein assembly. eLife 53 29741156
2011 Ciliary motility: the components and cytoplasmic preassembly mechanisms of the axonemal dyneins. Differentiation; research in biological diversity 51 22154137
2012 Hydrophobin genes of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum, are differentially expressed and corresponding mutants are decreased in virulence. Current genetics 49 22388867
2020 Deletion of genomic islands in the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome can create an optimal chassis for synthetic biology applications. Microbial cell factories 38 32188438
1987 The use of operon fusions in studies of the heat-shock response: effects of altered sigma 32 on heat-shock promoter function in Escherichia coli. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 38 3299002
2021 Genome-wide association studies of preweaning growth and in vivo carcass composition traits in Esme sheep. Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie 36 34331347
2009 The motile cilium in development and disease: emerging new insights. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 36 19492356
2011 Allelic diversity of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 entails variant-specific red cell surface epitopes. PloS one 35 21298021
2021 A promoter engineering-based strategy enhances polyhydroxyalkanoate production in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. International journal of biological macromolecules 34 34582907
2017 Combinatorial metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for efficient mineralization of 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Scientific reports 31 28765600
2010 Association of microsatellite variations of Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger (Pfnhe-1) gene with reduced in vitro susceptibility to quinine: lack of confirmation in clinical isolates from Africa. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 31 20439955
2019 Chlamydomonas WDR92 in association with R2TP-like complex and multiple DNAAFs to regulate ciliary dynein preassembly. Journal of molecular cell biology 27 30428028
2014 Comparative analysis of IgG responses to Plasmodium falciparum MSP1p19 and PF13-DBL1α1 using ELISA and a magnetic bead-based duplex assay (MAGPIX®-Luminex) in a Senegalese meso-endemic community. Malaria journal 27 25326042
2007 Characterization of a UBC13 kinase in Plasmodium falciparum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 25 17452636
2012 Expression of a type B RIFIN in Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and gametes. Malaria journal 24 23259643
2010 Identification of a major rif transcript common to gametocytes and sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria journal 24 20509952
2010 SAM domain-dependent activity of PfTKL3, an essential tyrosine kinase-like kinase of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 24 20582613
2012 In vitro-reduced susceptibility to artemether in P. falciparum and its association with polymorphisms on transporter genes. The Journal of infectious diseases 23 22615315
2009 The diamidine DB75 targets the nucleus of Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria journal 22 19442305
1992 Multicenter study of change in dialysis therapy-maintenance hemodialysis to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 22 1553969
2011 Polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum Na(+)/H(+) exchanger is indicative of a low in vitro quinine susceptibility in isolates from Viet Nam. Malaria journal 20 21669011
2022 Enhanced production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 by a combination of genome streamlining and promoter engineering. International journal of biological macromolecules 19 35395277
2021 Screening and characterization of hypothetical proteins of Plasmodium falciparum as novel vaccine candidates in the fight against malaria using reverse vaccinology. Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology 19 34269931
2017 Detection of Plasmodium falciparum male and female gametocytes and determination of parasite sex ratio in human endemic populations by novel, cheap and robust RTqPCR assays. Malaria journal 19 29149898
2016 Bioaffinity Mass Spectrometry Screening. Journal of biomolecular screening 19 26773071
2020 Mutations in PIH proteins MOT48, TWI1 and PF13 define common and unique steps for preassembly of each, different ciliary dynein. PLoS genetics 15 33141819
1995 Cytochrome P450 genes expressed in porcine ovaries: identification of novel forms, evidence for gene conversion, and evolutionary relationships. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 14 7542875
2010 Plasmodium falciparum: nitric oxide modulates heme speciation in isolated food vacuoles. Experimental parasitology 13 20493843
2019 Assessment of predatory bacteria and prey interactions using culture-based methods and EMA-qPCR. Microbiological research 12 31422234
2021 Development of a novel promoter engineering-based strategy for creating an efficient para-nitrophenol-mineralizing bacterium. Journal of hazardous materials 11 34753648
2023 Metabolic engineering of genome-streamlined strain Pseudomonas putida KTU-U27 for medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate production from xylose and cellobiose. International journal of biological macromolecules 10 37678685
2020 Novel compound heterozygous DNAAF2 mutations cause primary ciliary dyskinesia in a Han Chinese family. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 10 32638265
2019 A null allele of Dnaaf2 displays embryonic lethality and mimics human ciliary dyskinesia. Human molecular genetics 10 31107948
2024 Unveiling potential repurposed drug candidates for Plasmodium falciparum through in silico evaluation: A synergy of structure-based approaches, structure prediction, and molecular dynamics simulations. Computational biology and chemistry 9 38471353
2022 Novel Gene Variants Associated with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Indian journal of pediatrics 8 35239159
2024 Genetics of 67 patients of suspected primary ciliary dyskinesia from India. Clinical genetics 7 39004944
2023 Creating an efficient 1,2-dichloroethane-mineralizing bacterium by a combination of pathway engineering and promoter engineering. The Science of the total environment 7 37001652
2022 Interaction of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus with Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria in Dual Species and Polymicrobial Communities. Microorganisms 7 35456843
2012 Co-expression network with protein-protein interaction and transcription regulation in malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Gene 7 23274650
2012 Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger (pfnhe-1) genetic polymorphism in Indian Ocean malaria-endemic areas. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 6 23208889
2022 Homozygous mutation in DNAAF4 causes primary ciliary dyskinesia in a Chinese family. Frontiers in genetics 3 36583018
2021 A transcriptome-wide association study to detect novel genes for volumetric bone mineral density. Bone 3 34252604
2016 A cross strain Plasmodium falciparum microarray optimized for the transcriptome analysis of Plasmodium falciparum patient derived isolates. Genomics data 3 27489776
2018 Quantification of receptor activation by oxytocin and vasopressin in endocytosis-coupled bioluminescence reduction assay using nanoKAZ. Analytical biochemistry 2 29627593
1992 Identification of invasive Yersinia species using oligonucleotide probes. Molecular and cellular probes 2 1528199
2025 Creating a multifunctional degrader for co-mineralization of p-nitrophenol and 1,2-dichloroethane and its application in wastewater bioremediation. Journal of hazardous materials 1 39884036
2025 Systems Metabolic Engineering of Genome-Reduced Pseudomonas putida for Efficient Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate from p-Coumaric Acid. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1 40372413
2025 Smoothened Inhibitor, PF-04449913 Inhibits the Development of Myelofibrosis in a JAK2V617F Transgenic Mouse Model by Reducing TGF-β and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Research square 1 40386398
2024 Evaluation of the antiviral activity of new dermaseptin analogs against Zika virus. Biochemistry and biophysics reports 1 38939125
2025 Clinical features and genetic spectrum of children with primary ciliary dyskinesia in central China: a referral center retrospective analysis. Frontiers in pharmacology 0 40584616
2025 Prevalence and Nationality Distribution of Known and Novel Genetic Variants in Children With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in the State of Qatar. Clinical genetics 0 41267578
2018 Reading disability due to an ocular motor disorder: A case of an adolescent girl with a previous diagnosis of dyslexia. Brain & development 0 30266219