Affinage

CYP24A1

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial · UniProt Q07973

Length
514 aa
Mass
58.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 38 papers cited in narrative 38 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CYP24A1 is a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 that initiates catabolic inactivation of vitamin D metabolites, controlling local and systemic availability of active 1,25(OH)2D3 (PMID:11012668, PMID:33865853). A single human enzyme reconstituted with adrenodoxin/adrenodoxin reductase executes the complete multi-step catabolism through dual oxidative routes—C-24 hydroxylation toward the tetranor product and C-23 hydroxylation toward lactol/lactone—on both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, whereas the rat ortholog performs little C-23 chemistry (PMID:11012668). Hydroxylation-site selection is set by the distance of C-24 from the vitamin D ring rather than from the side-chain terminus, and high-affinity substrate binding depends on the 1α- and 25-hydroxyl groups together with F-helix residue F249, which aligns the substrate for the catalytic steps (PMID:15111121, PMID:7622489). The enzyme also catabolizes noncanonical substrates such as 20(OH)D3, and the terminal 26,23-lactone-forming step requires a separate CYP3A activity rather than CYP24A1 itself (PMID:33865853, PMID:25727742). Transcription is driven principally by ligand-activated VDR acting through promoter-proximal VDREs that cooperate with downstream distal enhancer clusters, including a kidney-specific PTH/FGF23-responsive pCREB/CRTC2 module (C24-DS1) and a pan-tissue VDR module (C24-DS2); PTH suppresses transcription by dismissing CBP from these distal enhancers, defining a coactivator-exchange mechanism for renal vitamin D homeostasis (PMID:22179019, PMID:31439663, PMID:36183832, PMID:39363152). Expression is further tuned by Ras/MAP-kinase signaling (ERK1/2–RXRα and ERK5–Ets-1), CK2, NF-κB, progesterone receptor, IRES-mediated translation under inflammation, chromatin remodeling by LSH, and miR-125b-dependent post-transcriptional repression (PMID:12048211, PMID:19570947, PMID:36183832, PMID:24416388, PMID:37414755). Physiologically, CYP24A1 governs local 1,25(OH)2D availability in tissues such as the mammary gland during development and contributes to FGF23-driven phosphate-wasting bone disease (PMID:30654105, PMID:26784541). Recessive loss-of-function mutations cause idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia through failure to catabolize active vitamin D metabolites, and CYP24A1 overexpression in cancers confers resistance to vitamin D antiproliferative effects, in part through RAS/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling (PMID:21675912, PMID:36255661, PMID:27793774).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Established that a single human enzyme, not a set of distinct hydroxylases, performs the entire multi-step vitamin D catabolic cascade via two parallel oxidative pathways, resolving how vitamin D metabolites are fully inactivated.

    Evidence Recombinant E. coli expression with adrenodoxin/adrenodoxin reductase reconstitution and HPLC-MS metabolite identification, comparing human and rat enzyme

    PMID:11012668

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the structural basis for the human-specific C-23 pathway activity
    • No structure of the enzyme-substrate complex
  2. 1995 Medium

    Determined that hydroxylation-site selection is governed by distance of C-24 from the vitamin D ring, explaining the regiochemistry of CYP24-mediated oxidation versus CYP27.

    Evidence Cell-based enzyme assays with side-chain-homologated substrates and HPLC/GC-MS product identification

    PMID:7622489

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; no atomic-resolution active-site model
    • Did not test the full panel of physiological substrates
  3. 2004 High

    Identified the F-helix residue F249 and the 1α/25-hydroxyls as the key determinants of substrate alignment and high-affinity binding, mapping catalytic competence onto specific residues and substrate features.

    Evidence Recombinant rat CYP24A1 purification with spectral binding (Kd), kinetics, and site-directed mutagenesis at F249

    PMID:15111121

    Open questions at the time
    • Performed in rat enzyme; human-specific residue dependencies not fully mapped
    • No crystal structure confirming F249 positioning
  4. 2002 High

    Showed that ligand-activated CYP24 induction requires Ras-dependent MAP-kinase phosphorylation of nuclear receptor partners, linking signaling to vitamin D transcriptional output.

    Evidence Promoter-luciferase assays with dominant-negative kinases, phosphosite mutagenesis of RXRα(S260) and Ets-1(T38), Co-IP and kinase assays

    PMID:12048211

    Open questions at the time
    • Promoter-reporter system may not reflect endogenous chromatin context
    • Species differences in MAPK-responsive elements not resolved here
  5. 2005 Medium

    Probed whether xenobiotic receptor PXR induces CYP24 to explain drug effects on vitamin D, but the two reports reached opposite conclusions about PXR's role.

    Evidence Promoter-luciferase, PXR transfection, human hepatocyte mRNA and enzyme activity, in vivo treatment (induction report) versus reporter assays, PXR-KO mice and human biopsies (contradicting report)

    PMID:15630458 PMID:16691293

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct contradiction between studies unresolved
    • Tissue- and species-specific PXR effects not reconciled
  6. 2005 Medium

    Demonstrated direct pharmacological inhibition of CYP24A1 enzyme activity extends 1,25(OH)2D3 half-life and antiproliferative signaling, establishing the enzyme as a druggable target.

    Evidence Noncompetitive enzyme kinetics in isolated DU145 mitochondria with genistein, plus VDR and growth readouts

    PMID:15955619

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; selectivity for CYP24A1 over other CYPs not fully established
    • In vivo relevance not tested
  7. 2009 High

    Identified post-transcriptional control of CYP24A1 by miR-125b, adding a layer of regulation relevant to its overexpression in cancer.

    Evidence 3'-UTR reporter assays with gain/loss of miR-125b, endogenous Western blots, and breast cancer tissue immunohistochemistry

    PMID:19570947

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal contribution of miR-125b loss to tumor CYP24A1 elevation not tested in vivo
    • Other 3'-UTR regulators not surveyed
  8. 2011 High

    Established CYP24A1 as the disease gene for idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia, directly tying loss of vitamin D catabolism to a human Mendelian phenotype.

    Evidence Candidate-gene sequencing of patient cohorts with functional expression of mutant enzymes in a mammalian system

    PMID:21675912

    Open questions at the time
    • Genotype-phenotype severity correlations not fully defined
    • Heterozygote contributions not resolved
  9. 2011 High

    Mapped the cis-regulatory architecture of Cyp24a1 to proximal VDREs plus novel downstream-distal enhancers and C/EBPβ occupancy, moving beyond a simple proximal-promoter model.

    Evidence ChIP-chip/ChIP-seq in cells and mouse tissues with luciferase reporters

    PMID:22179019

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional requirement of individual enhancers in vivo not yet tested at this stage
    • Tissue-specific enhancer usage undefined
  10. 2019 High

    Demonstrated by in vivo enhancer deletion that a kidney-specific PTH/FGF23-responsive cluster and a pan-tissue VDR cluster differentially control Cyp24a1, dissecting hormonal versus ligand inputs.

    Evidence ChIP-seq and clustered enhancer deletion mouse models with PTH/FGF23/1,25(OH)2D3 challenge; reciprocal Cyp27b1 submodule deletions

    PMID:31439663 PMID:31629064

    Open questions at the time
    • Human enhancer conservation and function not directly established
    • Precise transcription-factor occupancy dynamics within clusters not fully resolved
  11. 2022 High

    Defined the coactivator-exchange mechanism by which PTH suppresses Cyp24a1—dismissing CBP from distal enhancers while recruiting pCREB/CRTC2 to Cyp27b1—and showed SIK inhibition mimics PTH.

    Evidence In vivo kidney ChIP-seq for pCREB/CBP/CRTC2 after PTH, FGF23, 1,25(OH)2D3, and SIK inhibitor treatment

    PMID:36183832

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration of physical looping linking enhancers to promoter in kidney not shown
    • Human translation of SIK/CRTC2 axis untested
  12. 2024 High

    Established cooperative interaction between proximal VDREs and downstream enhancers in vivo, showing proximal VDRE integrity is required for VDR loading across the locus and for ligand induction but not PTH suppression.

    Evidence In vivo VDRE mutagenesis in mice with VDR/pCREB ChIP-seq and hormonal challenge

    PMID:39363152

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of long-range VDRE-enhancer cooperation not structurally resolved
    • Residual FGF23 induction pathway not identified
  13. 2021 High

    Used Cyp24a1-knockout rats to confirm the enzyme is responsible for the bulk of 25(OH)D3 metabolite production and to assign the terminal 26,23-lactone step to CYP3A rather than CYP24A1.

    Evidence CRISPR/Cas9 KO rats with plasma metabolite profiling, recombinant CYP enzyme assays, and ketoconazole inhibition

    PMID:33865853

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative in vivo contribution of CYP3A in humans not quantified
    • Tissue-specific metabolite handling not dissected
  14. 2015 High

    Broadened the substrate scope of CYP24A1 to noncanonical 20(OH)D3 derivatives, including C23-C24 bond cleavage, showing the enzyme processes alternative vitamin D species.

    Evidence In vitro recombinant rat and human enzyme assays with NMR/HRMS product identification and kinetics

    PMID:25727742

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological abundance/relevance of these substrates not established
    • Lower catalytic efficiency relative to canonical substrates limits inference
  15. 2019 High

    Demonstrated a tissue-developmental role: CYP24A1 modulates local 1,25(OH)2D availability to permit mammary epithelial proliferation during puberty and pregnancy.

    Evidence Mammary-specific conditional Cyp24a1 knockout with whole-mount analysis, proliferation/apoptosis markers, and in vitro 1,25(OH)2D3 sensitivity

    PMID:30654105

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream proliferative effectors not identified
    • Whether this generalizes to other epithelial tissues unclear
  16. 2016 High

    Linked CYP24 activity to FGF23-driven phosphate-wasting bone disease, showing genetic or pharmacological loss of CYP24 rescues rachitic bone in two disease models.

    Evidence Cyp24-null crosses with Hyp and FGF23R176Q mice plus CTA102 inhibitor treatment, with bone histomorphometry

    PMID:26784541

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism connecting CYP24 metabolites to bone mineralization not fully resolved
    • Human therapeutic translation not established
  17. 2021 Medium

    Implicated CYP24A1 in cancer signaling and ferroptosis sensitivity through Ca2+/MAPK control and chromatin-remodeling/Wnt circuitry, framing it as both oncogenic effector and regulatory node.

    Evidence SQLE manipulation with metabolomics and xenografts; NF-κB-driven induction with β-catenin reporters and siRNA; LSH/USP11 Co-IP, ChIP, and ferroptosis assays; lung adenocarcinoma gain/loss with RAS/pAKT readouts and xenografts

    PMID:27793774 PMID:34268906 PMID:36255661 PMID:37414755

    Open questions at the time
    • RAS/Wnt links rest on protein-level changes without direct biochemical interaction
    • Causality among CYP24A1, Ca2+, and MAPK/Wnt not fully ordered
    • Single-lab studies per mechanism

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the human enzyme's active-site architecture enforces dual C-23/C-24 pathway selection and how distal enhancer cooperation is structurally organized at the human locus remain unresolved.
  • No experimental structure of human CYP24A1-substrate complex in the corpus
  • Human enhancer-promoter looping mechanism not directly demonstrated
  • PXR regulation of human CYP24 remains contradictory

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 4 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 2
Localization
GO:0005739 mitochondrion 2
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3

Evidence

Reading pass · 38 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 Human CYP24A1 (expressed in E. coli reconstituted system with adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase) catalyzes both C-23 and C-24 hydroxylation pathways on 25(OH)D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3, performing all sequential oxidative steps from substrate through lactol to lactone (C-23 pathway) and through 24-oxo intermediates to tetranor product (C-24 pathway), whereas rat CYP24A1 shows almost no C-23 hydroxylation—demonstrating that a single human enzyme executes the complete multi-step catabolism via dual pathways. Recombinant E. coli expression with adrenodoxin/adrenodoxin reductase reconstitution; HPLC and mass spectrometric metabolite identification European journal of biochemistry High 11012668
2004 Phenylalanine-249 (F249) in the F-helix of rat CYP24A1 is critical for substrate binding and catalytic site alignment: mutagenesis to F249T (hydrophobic→polar) dramatically lowers substrate-binding affinity and abolishes the final C-23 oxidation step; F249A and F249Y mutations additionally impair C-24 oxidation of 1,24,25-(OH)3D3. The 1α- and 25-hydroxyl groups on vitamin D metabolites are the major determinants for high-affinity binding (Kd ~0.05–0.06 µM), and turnover is higher for 25(OH)D3 than for 1,25(OH)2D3. Recombinant CYP24A1 purification from E. coli; substrate-induced spectral binding assays (Kd); kinetic analysis (Km, Vmax); site-directed mutagenesis at F249 Archives of biochemistry and biophysics High 15111121
1995 CYP24 hydroxylates at C-24 and C-23 regardless of side-chain length extension (by 1–3 carbons), indicating that CYP24's hydroxylation site selection is determined by the distance of C-24 from the vitamin D ring structure, not by the distance from the end of the side chain (contrast with CYP27 which tracks from the terminus). Cultured and transfected cell models expressing CYP24 or CYP27; HPLC and GC-MS metabolite identification of homologated vitamin D substrates The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 7622489
2002 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) induces CYP24 promoter activity through a Ras-dependent mechanism engaging two distinct MAP kinase modules: ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylates RXRα at Ser260, and ERK5 phosphorylates Ets-1 at Thr38; both phosphorylation events are required for full induction. The Ets-1 binding site cooperates with the proximal vitamin D response element in a hormone-dependent manner. p38 and JNK MAP kinases are not required. CYP24 promoter-luciferase transfection; dominant-negative mutants of ERK1 (K71R), MEK5(A), Ras17N; site-directed mutagenesis of Ets-1 (T38A) and RXRα (S260A); co-immunoprecipitation of RXRα with ERK2 and Ets-1 with ERK5; phosphorylation assays with activated kinases The Journal of biological chemistry High 12048211
2005 Pregnane X receptor (PXR) transactivates the human CYP24 promoter by binding to the two proximal vitamin D-responsive elements (VDREs) located between −326 and −142, thereby inducing CYP24 mRNA and 24-hydroxylase enzyme activity in human hepatocytes in response to rifampicin and hyperforin. This provides a molecular mechanism for drug-induced osteomalacia. CYP24 promoter-luciferase reporter assay in HEK cells; transfection of PXR; RT-PCR for CYP24 mRNA in human hepatocytes; 24-hydroxylase enzyme activity assay; in vivo PCN/dexamethasone treatment of mice; plasma 24,25-(OH)2D3 measurement The Journal of clinical investigation High 15630458
2006 Steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR/PXR) does NOT induce CYP24 expression in vitro or in vivo, does not transactivate the CYP24 promoter, and instead inhibits VDR-mediated CYP24 promoter activity. 1,25(OH)2D3-induced CYP24 expression is enhanced in mice lacking PXR. Rifampicin had no effect on intestinal CYP24 expression in humans. This contradicts the earlier PXR-induction report (PMID:15630458). CYP24 promoter-luciferase assay; in vitro and in vivo SXR/PXR agonist treatment; PXR-knockout mouse studies; human intestinal biopsies post-rifampicin The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 16691293
2005 Genistein (50–100 nM) directly inhibits CYP24A1 enzyme activity in a noncompetitive manner in isolated mitochondrial preparations from DU145 cells, thereby increasing the half-life of 1,25(OH)2D3 and enhancing VDR up-regulation and antiproliferative signaling. CYP24 enzyme activity assay in isolated mitochondrial preparations; kinetic (noncompetitive inhibition) analysis; VDR mRNA/protein measurement; cell growth assay Molecular and cellular endocrinology Medium 15955619
2009 miR-125b post-transcriptionally regulates CYP24A1 protein levels by binding a recognition element (MRE125b) in the 3'-UTR of CYP24 mRNA: transfection of antisense oligonucleotide for miR-125b increases endogenous CYP24 protein in KGN cells, while precursor miR-125b decreases it in MCF-7 cells. Decreased miR-125b in breast cancer tissues inversely correlates with increased CYP24 protein levels. 3'-UTR luciferase reporter assay; antisense oligonucleotide and precursor miRNA transfection; Western blot for endogenous CYP24 protein; immunohistochemistry of breast cancer tissues Molecular pharmacology High 19570947
2011 Loss-of-function mutations in CYP24A1 (encoding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase) cause idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia via complete loss of vitamin D catabolism. Functional characterization in a mammalian expression system confirmed complete loss of enzymatic function for all identified recessive mutations. Candidate-gene sequencing; mammalian expression system functional assay of mutant CYP24A1 enzyme activity The New England journal of medicine High 21675912
2011 The mouse Cyp24a1 gene is controlled by both promoter-proximal VDR binding sites (~−160 and −265 nt from TSS) and novel downstream-distal intergenic enhancers (+35 and +37 kb) that together mediate 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent transcriptional up-regulation. C/EBPβ occupancy at a site −345 nt upstream is markedly increased following 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq in cell lines and mouse tissues; luciferase reporter assays; in vivo mouse chromatin analysis Archives of biochemistry and biophysics High 22179019
2019 Kidney-specific Cyp24a1 expression requires a downstream enhancer cluster (C24-DS1) that contains PTH-sensitive pCREB-binding sites: deletion of C24-DS1 in mice eliminates basal renal Cyp24a1 expression and completely abolishes FGF23 and PTH regulation of Cyp24a1, while 1,25(OH)2D3 induction remains unaffected. A second downstream cluster (C24-DS2) containing VDR-binding sites is required for full Cyp24a1 responses in non-renal target cells. ChIP-Seq in mouse tissues; clustered enhancer deletion mouse models; RNA analysis of Cyp24a1 expression in kidney and non-renal tissues; hormone challenge (PTH, FGF23, 1,25(OH)2D3) The Journal of biological chemistry High 31439663
2019 Cyp24a1 enhancers in the kidney control circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 levels: deletion of both M1 and M21 Cyp27b1 submodules (in adjacent genes) reduces Cyp27b1 expression, which secondarily reduces Cyp24a1 expression due to compensatory regulation by elevated PTH and reduced FGF23, demonstrating reciprocal PTH/FGF23-mediated homeostatic control of both enzymes in the kidney. In vivo enhancer deletion mouse models; hormone measurements (PTH, FGF23, calcium, phosphate); RNA analysis; dietary normalization rescue experiments The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology High 31629064
2022 PTH rapidly increases recruitment of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), CBP, and CRTC2 to kidney-specific enhancers near Cyp27b1, while dismissing CBP from distal Cyp24a1 enhancers to suppress Cyp24a1 transcription. Salt-inducible kinase (SIK) inhibition rapidly recruits CRTC2 to Cyp27b1 enhancers, mimicking PTH action on both Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1. 1,25(OH)2D3 suppression of Cyp27b1 is associated with reduced CBP recruitment at CREB-module enhancers. In vivo ChIP-seq in mouse kidney after PTH, FGF23, 1,25(OH)2D3 and SIK inhibitor (YKL-05-099, SK-124) treatments; pCREB, CBP, CRTC2 occupancy analysis; RNA analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 36183832
2024 Mutation of the promoter-proximal (PRO) VDREs in mice dramatically reduces VDR occupancy and impairs 1,25(OH)2D3-induced kidney Cyp24a1 expression and nearly eliminates intestinal induction. FGF23 induction of Cyp24a1 is reduced but not eliminated and retains synergy with 1,25(OH)2D3. PTH suppression of Cyp24a1 is unchanged by PRO VDRE mutation. VDR recruitment across downstream (DS) enhancers is also dramatically reduced, revealing cooperative interaction between PRO and DS enhancers. In vivo VDRE mutagenesis in mice; ChIP-seq for VDR and pCREB occupancy; RNA analysis after 1,25(OH)2D3, FGF23, and PTH treatment Endocrinology High 39363152
2007 The upstream CYP24 promoter region (−548 to −294 nt, containing three potential Sp1 sites) acts synergistically with the two proximal VDREs to amplify vitamin D-induced CYP24 expression. The VDREs alone are insufficient to account for the full magnitude of induction (~20,000-fold) observed in human fibroblasts. Serial deletion reporter constructs (−1918 to +209 nt) assayed by luciferase reporter assay in cultured human fibroblasts Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 17475215
2005 1,25D induction of the CYP24 promoter in HEK-293T cells requires JNK (but not ERK1/2) and a novel vitamin D stimulatory element (VSE) at −171/−163, ~30 bp upstream of VDRE-1. Synergistic up-regulation by PMA + 1,25D additionally requires ERK1/2 activation (potentiated by 1,25D), JNK, and the Ets-1 binding site. CYP24 promoter-luciferase reporter assays; dominant-negative ERK1(K71R) transfection; site-directed mutagenesis of VSE; kinase inhibitors; HEK-293T cell system The Biochemical journal Medium 15836435
2010 Human CYP24 promoter-proximal region spanning −470 to −392 nt is required for 1,25D-mediated induction in human cells; the vitamin D stimulatory element (VSE) present in the rat promoter is absent in the human CYP24A1 promoter, indicating species-specific differences in the transcriptional mechanism. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA); dual-luciferase reporter assay with human and rat CYP24A1 promoter deletion constructs Molecular and cellular endocrinology Medium 20450955
2010 The number of functional VDR binding sites (VDREs) differs between normal (MCF-10A, one VDRE) and malignant (MCF-7, three VDREs) mammary cells, producing linear vs. stepwise CYP24 mRNA accumulation respectively. Distal VDREs in MCF-7 regulate CYP24 transcription via ligand-dependent, dynamic chromatin looping that brings distal elements cyclically adjacent to the transcription start site. CYP24 mRNA is also three times more stable in MCF-7 than MCF-10A cells. Quantitative ChIP; chromosome conformation capture (3C); expression profiling; mRNA stability assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 20460683
2010 Unliganded VDR represses basal CYP24 transcription in breast cancer cells: VDR overexpression decreases CYP24 mRNA and promoter activity, siRNA knockdown of VDR increases CYP24 mRNA, and a FokI-FF polymorphic VDR (3 amino acids shorter in AF-1 domain) fails to repress CYP24 promoter activity, indicating AF-1 domain integrity is required for repression. VDR overexpression and siRNA knockdown in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells; CYP24 promoter-luciferase assay; RT-PCR; VDR nuclear localization by immunofluorescence Molecular and cellular biochemistry Medium 20440542
2014 Inflammatory conditioned medium (from activated macrophages) induces IRES-dependent translation of CYP24A1 via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5'-UTR of cyp24a1 mRNA. This IRES-mediated translation is sensitive to PI3K inhibition and is sufficient to be activated by constitutively active Akt. Polysome profiling and microarray analysis; bicistronic reporter assay for IRES activity; PI3K inhibitor treatment; constitutively active Akt transfection PloS one High 24416388
2021 CYP24A1 is responsible for sequential multi-step conversion of 25(OH)D3 to 23,25,26-(OH)3D3 via 23,25-(OH)2D3; subsequent conversion of 23,25,26-(OH)3D3 to 25(OH)D3-26,23-lactone requires an additional enzyme identified as CYP3A (not CYP24A1). Cyp24a1 KO rats show ~2-fold higher plasma 25(OH)D3 and complete absence of the five major 25(OH)D3 metabolites found in wild-type rats. CRISPR/Cas9-generated Cyp24a1 knockout rats; oral 25(OH)D3 administration followed by plasma metabolite profiling; synthetic substrate administration to KO rats; recombinant human CYP species enzyme assay; ketoconazole inhibition studies The Journal of biological chemistry High 33865853
2015 Both rat and human CYP24A1 metabolize 20S-hydroxyvitamin D3 [20(OH)D3] to dihydroxyvitamin D3 species (primarily at C24 for rat, C25 for human CYP24A1). 20,23(OH)2D3 undergoes multiple oxidations including C23-C24 bond cleavage by CYP24A1, analogous to catabolism of 1,25(OH)2D3. Catalytic efficiencies for 20(OH)D3 and 20,23(OH)2D3 are lower than for 1,25(OH)2D3. In vitro enzyme assay with recombinant rat and human CYP24A1; NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry for metabolite identification; kinetic analysis The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology High 25727742
2013 Protein kinase CK2 contributes to 1,25D3-mediated CYP24A1 promoter induction in prostate cancer cells: CK2 inhibitor TBBz inhibits 1,25D3-induced CYP24A1 promoter activity and mRNA; siRNA knockdown of CK2 reduces 1,25D3-induced CYP24A1 mRNA expression. Stable CYP24A1 promoter-luciferase reporter PC3 cell line; TBBz (CK2 inhibitor) treatment; siRNA CK2 knockdown; RT-PCR; in vitro and in vivo xenograft antiproliferative assays Cancer research Medium 23358686
2010 CYP24 promoter is epigenetically silenced by hypermethylation of CpG islands at the 5' end in tumor-derived endothelial cells (TDEC) but not in normal tissue or Matrigel-derived endothelial cells. Treatment with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor restores 1,25(OH)2D3-induced CYP24 expression and restores calcitriol resistance in TDEC. Isolation and culture of fresh tumor-derived endothelial cells; CpG methylation analysis; DNA methyltransferase inhibitor treatment; CYP24 expression analysis; calcitriol responsiveness assays The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology Medium 20304059
2016 Progesterone receptor (PR)-dependent signaling inhibits calcitriol-induced CYP24A1 expression: co-treatment with progesterone (P4) markedly suppresses CYP24A1 mRNA and protein in PR-expressing but not PR-negative cell lines. Mouse ovaries show significant reduction in calcitriol-induced Cyp24a1 mRNA and protein in response to P4. This extends calcitriol activity and enhances apoptosis. RT-PCR and Western blot for CYP24A1 in multiple cell lines (PR+ and PR−); PR isoform-expressing T47D cells; calcitriol + progesterone co-treatment; in vivo mouse ovary experiments; TUNEL apoptosis assay Gynecologic oncology Medium 27106018
2018 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) suppresses renal Cyp24a1 expression via inhibition of progesterone receptor (Pgr): DHT suppresses Pgr expression, and Pgr normally drives Cyp24a1 transcription by binding to a progesterone receptor-binding site in the Cyp24a1 promoter. DHT treatment increases blood 25(OH)D3 levels. Orchidectomized mouse model; DHT treatment; RT-PCR and Western blot for Pgr and Cyp24a1; promoter binding site analysis; ER+ and ER− cell line analysis; blood 25(OH)D3 measurement Journal of molecular endocrinology Medium 29382742
2023 LSH (lymphoid-specific helicase, a chromatin-remodeling protein) binds to the CYP24A1 promoter, promotes nucleosome eviction, and reduces H3K27me3 occupancy to activate CYP24A1 transcription. USP11 stabilizes LSH via deubiquitination; erastin disrupts USP11-LSH interaction, leading to LSH ubiquitination and degradation, which reduces CYP24A1 expression, increases intracellular Ca2+ influx, and sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to ferroptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation (USP11-LSH interaction); ChIP for LSH, H3K27me3 at CYP24A1 promoter; siRNA knockdown; ubiquitination assay; calcium measurement; lipid peroxidation assay; erastin-induced ferroptosis assay Cell death & disease Medium 37414755
2010 Valproic acid (VPA) potentiates VDR-mediated induction of CYP24 mRNA and promoter activity in human hepatocytes and HEK293 cells by activating ERK signaling (not solely through HDAC1 inhibition, since trichostatin A did not replicate VPA's effect on CYP24 mRNA). RT-PCR for CYP24 mRNA in human hepatocytes and HEK293; CYP24 promoter-luciferase reporter assay; trichostatin A comparison; ERK, JNK, p38 activation measurement Toxicology letters Medium 21115105
2019 Mammary-specific conditional knockout of Cyp24a1 in mice reduces terminal end bud number, ductal outgrowth, and branching during puberty and alveologenesis during early pregnancy by inhibiting proliferation (but not apoptosis) of basal and luminal mammary epithelial cells, demonstrating that CYP24A1 activity modulates local 1,25(OH)2D availability and is required for normal mammary gland development. Conditional Cyp24a1 knockout in mammary epithelium; whole-mount mammary gland analysis; proliferation/apoptosis markers; in vitro sensitivity to 1,25(OH)2D3 in isolated MECs The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology High 30654105
2021 SQLE (squalene epoxidase) promotes colorectal cancer proliferation through accumulation of calcitriol, which stimulates CYP24A1 expression; elevated CYP24A1 in turn reduces intracellular Ca2+ and activates MAPK signaling to drive proliferation. SQLE inhibition reduces calcitriol and CYP24A1 levels, increases intracellular Ca2+, and suppresses MAPK and cell growth. RNA sequencing; transcriptome and untargeted metabolomics; Western blotting and RT-PCR for CYP24A1 and MAPK pathway; SQLE siRNA knockdown; organoid and xenograft tumor models; SQLE inhibitor (terbinafine) treatment Cancer communications Medium 34268906
2016 Loss of Cyp24 in Hyp mice (FGF23-excess model of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets) and FGF23R176Q transgenic mice results in near-complete recovery of rachitic/osteomalacic bone abnormalities. Treatment with CYP24 inhibitor CTA102 also ameliorates rachitic bones in both models, linking CYP24 activity to the pathophysiology of FGF23-dependent phosphate-wasting states. Cyp24-null mouse crossed with Hyp and FGF23R176Q transgenic mice; bone histomorphometry; CYP24 inhibitor CTA102 pharmacological treatment; serum biochemistry The Journal of clinical investigation High 26784541
2014 In human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulation up-regulates CYP24A1, which curtails the functional effects of vitamin D in DCs (but not macrophages), limiting autocrine vitamin D activity. DCs also express a truncated CYP27B1 transcript that reduces activation of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D. Monocyte-derived DC and macrophage cultures; RT-PCR for CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 isoforms; 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D conversion assay; VDR-responsive gene expression; DC maturation and T-cell response assays European journal of immunology Medium 24643654
2021 CYP24A1 localizes to the annulus of human spermatozoa (co-localizing with VDR in ~80% of spermatozoa from young men), and its expression at this subcellular site correlates positively with sperm count, concentration, motility, and morphology. 1,25(OH)2D3 increases intracellular Ca2+ and motility in young men with CYP24A1-expressing sperm but not in subfertile men lacking the protein. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) for CYP24A1 and VDR in human spermatozoa; double ICC co-localization; intracellular Ca2+ measurement; sperm motility assay International journal of andrology Medium 22404291
2021 CYP24A1 expression is transcriptionally upregulated by IL-6 and TNF-α via NF-κB pathway activation in colon cancer cells; NF-κB inhibitor PDTC suppresses this induction. CYP24A1 knockdown by siRNA partially antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, placing CYP24A1 downstream of NF-κB and upstream of Wnt signaling. IL-6/TNF-α stimulation of HCT-116 and Caco-2 cells; NF-κB EMSA; dual-luciferase reporter assay for β-catenin transcriptional activity; siRNA CYP24A1 knockdown; NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC); anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody and NF-κB antisense oligonucleotides in mouse UC-associated carcinoma model Current medical science Medium 36255661
2016 CYP24A1 overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma cells (SK-LU-1, Calu-6) accelerates cell growth and invasion, and increases RAS protein expression. Knockdown of CYP24A1 reduces total RAS protein, phosphorylated AKT, cell proliferation (30–60%), and mitochondrial DNA content; stable shRNA knockdown delays xenograft tumor growth and reduces Ki67 and Cyclin D staining. Stable lentiviral CYP24A1 overexpression; siRNA/shRNA knockdown; Western blot for RAS, pAKT; xenograft tumor models; bioluminescence imaging; immunohistochemistry Journal of thoracic oncology Medium 27793774
2022 A 70-nucleotide DNA aptamer (Apt-7) selectively inhibits CYP24A1 enzyme activity (reducing relative CYP24 activity by 39.1%) with 5.8-fold higher binding affinity for CYP24A1 than for CYP27B1 (the countertarget). Apt-7 undergoes cellular internalization in CYP24-overexpressing A549 cells via endocytosis and induces antiproliferative activity. Competition-based aptamer selection (SELEX); binding affinity assay; in vitro CYP24A1 enzyme activity assay; high-speed atomic force microscopy; molecular docking; cellular internalization assay; antiproliferative assay ACS applied materials & interfaces Medium 35436103
2014 BRAFV600E mutation in thyroid cancer cell lines drives CYP24A1 overexpression; transfection of BRAFV600E transgene into CAL62 cells induces CYP24A1 expression, and the BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4720 down-regulates CYP24A1 and enhances antiproliferative effects of calcitriol. This demonstrates a MAPK pathway → CYP24A1 regulatory axis. RT-PCR and Western blot in thyroid cancer cell lines stratified by BRAF status; BRAFV600E transgene overexpression; PLX4720 inhibitor treatment; antiproliferative assay Clinical endocrinology Medium 24382015
2006 RNAi silencing of CYP27B1 in human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells abolishes de novo 1,25D synthesis and subsequently reduces CYP24 mRNA expression, demonstrating that locally synthesized 1,25D (via CYP27B1) drives CYP24 expression in bone cells through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. siRNA transfection for CYP27B1; 1,25D measurement in conditioned medium; RT-PCR for CYP27B1, CYP24, and osteocalcin mRNA The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology Medium 17254772

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2011 Mutations in CYP24A1 and idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. The New England journal of medicine 456 21675912
2011 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1): its important role in the degradation of vitamin D. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 392 22100522
2005 Possible involvement of pregnane X receptor-enhanced CYP24 expression in drug-induced osteomalacia. The Journal of clinical investigation 231 15630458
2005 Expression of VDR and CYP24A1 mRNA in human tumors. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 191 16180015
2006 Lack of the light-harvesting complex CP24 affects the structure and function of the grana membranes of higher plant chloroplasts. The Plant cell 190 17114352
2006 Steroid and xenobiotic receptor and vitamin D receptor crosstalk mediates CYP24 expression and drug-induced osteomalacia. The Journal of clinical investigation 171 16691293
2000 Dual metabolic pathway of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 catalyzed by human CYP24. European journal of biochemistry 152 11012668
2009 Human CYP24 catalyzing the inactivation of calcitriol is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-125b. Molecular pharmacology 126 19570947
2009 The candidate oncogene CYP24A1: A potential biomarker for colorectal tumorigenesis. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 111 19901270
2002 Role of MAP kinases in the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced transactivation of the rat cytochrome P450C24 (CYP24) promoter. Specific functions for ERK1/ERK2 and ERK5. The Journal of biological chemistry 92 12048211
2004 Clinical significance of the overexpression of the candidate oncogene CYP24 in esophageal cancer. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 85 14760115
2006 CYP24, the enzyme that catabolizes the antiproliferative agent vitamin D, is increased in lung cancer. International journal of cancer 79 16708384
2019 Mechanistic homeostasis of vitamin D metabolism in the kidney through reciprocal modulation of Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 expression. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 71 31629064
2005 Genistein potentiates the growth inhibitory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in DU145 human prostate cancer cells: role of the direct inhibition of CYP24 enzyme activity. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 71 15955619
2011 CYP24A1 and kidney disease. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension 67 21610497
2005 Modulation of CYP27B1 and CYP24 mRNA expression in bone is independent of circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 levels. Bone 61 15781002
2012 Expression of the vitamin D metabolizing enzyme CYP24A1 at the annulus of human spermatozoa may serve as a novel marker of semen quality. International journal of andrology 60 22404291
1999 Expression and activity of vitamin D-metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYP1alpha and CYP24) in human nonsmall cell lung carcinomas. Endocrinology 60 10385427
2012 Vitamin D receptor, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 genes polymorphisms association with oral cancer risk and survival. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 59 22612324
2010 Association of the vitamin D metabolism gene CYP24A1 with coronary artery calcification. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 58 20847308
2021 Squalene epoxidase promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation through accumulating calcitriol and activating CYP24A1-mediated MAPK signaling. Cancer communications (London, England) 57 34268906
2013 DNA methylation levels of CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 predict vitamin D response variation. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 57 24128439
2009 Vitamin D related genes, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1, and colon cancer risk. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 56 19706847
2013 Increased expression of CYP24A1 correlates with advanced stages of prostate cancer and can cause resistance to vitamin D3-based therapies. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 53 24081904
2003 Quantification of mRNA for the vitamin D metabolizing enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24 and vitamin D receptor in kidney using real-time reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction. Journal of molecular endocrinology 53 12914530
1998 In vitro reconstitution of the recombinant photosystem II light-harvesting complex CP24 and its spectroscopic characterization. The Journal of biological chemistry 53 9642283
2000 Regulation of the procine 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase (CYP24) by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone in AOK-B50 cells. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 49 11032422
2010 The vitamin D/CYP24A1 story in cancer. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry 48 20184548
2009 Molecular basis of light harvesting and photoprotection in CP24: unique features of the most recent antenna complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 48 19700403
2019 A chromatin-based mechanism controls differential regulation of the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp24a1 in renal and non-renal tissues. The Journal of biological chemistry 46 31439663
2003 Genistein inhibits vitamin D hydroxylases CYP24 and CYP27B1 expression in prostate cells. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 46 12732287
2017 CYP24A1 loss of function: Clinical phenotype of monoallelic and biallelic mutations. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 45 28093352
2007 CYP27A1 and CYP24 expression as a function of malignant transformation in the colon. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 45 17875655
2016 CYP24 inhibition as a therapeutic target in FGF23-mediated renal phosphate wasting disorders. The Journal of clinical investigation 44 26784541
2014 Regulation of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 hydroxylases limits cell-autonomous activation of vitamin D in dendritic cells. European journal of immunology 44 24643654
2014 Placental CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 expression in human placental tissue and their association with maternal and neonatal calcitropic hormones. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 43 24471562
2011 Regulation of mouse Cyp24a1 expression via promoter-proximal and downstream-distal enhancers highlights new concepts of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) action. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 42 22179019
2014 CYP24A1 as a potential target for cancer therapy. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry 41 23869781
1986 Isolation and Characterization of a New Minor Chlorophyll a/b-Protein Complex (CP24) from Spinach. Plant physiology 41 16664638
2010 Dynamics of zeaxanthin binding to the photosystem II monomeric antenna protein Lhcb6 (CP24) and modulation of its photoprotection properties. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 38 20494647
2019 CYP24A1 and SLC34A1 genetic defects associated with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia: from genotype to phenotype. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 37 31188746
2014 CYP24A1 expression inversely correlates with melanoma progression: clinic-pathological studies. International journal of molecular sciences 37 25334067
2023 USP11-mediated LSH deubiquitination inhibits ferroptosis in colorectal cancer through epigenetic activation of CYP24A1. Cell death & disease 36 37414755
2007 CYP2R1-, CYP27B1- and CYP24-mRNA expression in German type 1 diabetes patients. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 35 17223345
2012 CYP24 inhibition preserves 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) anti-proliferative signaling in lung cancer cells. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 34 22386975
2020 Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and metabolizing enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in breast cancer. Molecular biology reports 33 33259013
2013 Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 reduces Cyp24a1 expression and enhances 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) antitumor activity in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer research 33 23358686
2010 Vitamin D analogues targeting CYP24 in chronic kidney disease. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 33 20347976
2006 RNAi-mediated silencing of CYP27B1 abolishes 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis and reduces osteocalcin and CYP24 mRNA expression in human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 33 17254772
2016 Oncogenic Potential of CYP24A1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 32 27793774
1995 Different mechanisms of hydroxylation site selection by liver and kidney cytochrome P450 species (CYP27 and CYP24) involved in vitamin D metabolism. The Journal of biological chemistry 32 7622489
2010 The number of vitamin D receptor binding sites defines the different vitamin D responsiveness of the CYP24 gene in malignant and normal mammary cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 31 20460683
2010 Valproic acid augments vitamin D receptor-mediated induction of CYP24 by vitamin D3: a possible cause of valproic acid-induced osteomalacia? Toxicology letters 31 21115105
2005 Molecular action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and phorbol ester on the activation of the rat cytochrome P450C24 (CYP24) promoter: role of MAP kinase activities and identification of an important transcription factor binding site. The Biochemical journal 28 15836435
2016 Progestins inhibit calcitriol-induced CYP24A1 and synergistically inhibit ovarian cancer cell viability: An opportunity for chemoprevention. Gynecologic oncology 27 27106018
2007 CYP24 splicing variants are associated with different patterns of constitutive and calcitriol-inducible CYP24 activity in human prostate cancer cell lines. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 27 17368180
2019 Vitamin D receptors (VDR), hydroxylases CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 and retinoid-related orphan receptors (ROR) level in human uveal tract and ocular melanoma with different melanization levels. Scientific reports 26 31235702
2018 In silico identification and screening of CYP24A1 inhibitors: 3D QSAR pharmacophore mapping and molecular dynamics analysis. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 25 29658431
2014 Light-dependent reversible phosphorylation of the minor photosystem II antenna Lhcb6 (CP24) occurs in lycophytes. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 25 24450769
2011 Synthesis and biological activities of vitamin D-like inhibitors of CYP24 hydroxylase. Steroids 24 22133546
2004 Rat cytochrome P450C24 (CYP24A1) and the role of F249 in substrate binding and catalytic activity. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 24 15111121
2022 Rapid genomic changes by mineralotropic hormones and kinase SIK inhibition drive coordinated renal Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 expression via CREB modules. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 36183832
2014 Inflammatory conditions induce IRES-dependent translation of cyp24a1. PloS one 23 24416388
2007 Role of distal upstream sequence in vitamin D-induced expression of human CYP24 gene. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 17475215
2021 Elucidation of metabolic pathways of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 mediated by CYP24A1 and CYP3A using Cyp24a1 knockout rats generated by CRISPR/Cas9 system. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 33865853
2016 CYP24A1 variant modifies the association between use of oestrogen plus progestogen therapy and colorectal cancer risk. British journal of cancer 21 26766742
2010 Functionality of unliganded VDR in breast cancer cells: repressive action on CYP24 basal transcription. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 21 20440542
2010 Energy transfer pathways in the CP24 and CP26 antenna complexes of higher plant photosystem II: a comparative study. Biophysical journal 21 21156149
2022 Novel DNA Aptamer for CYP24A1 Inhibition with Enhanced Antiproliferative Activity in Cancer Cells. ACS applied materials & interfaces 20 35436103
2021 Exosomal Circular RNA RNA-seq Profiling and the Carcinogenic Role of Exosomal circ-CYP24A1 in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Frontiers in medicine 20 34109199
2019 Mammary-specific ablation of Cyp24a1 inhibits development, reduces proliferation and increases sensitivity to vitamin D. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 19 30654105
2010 Epigenetic silencing of CYP24 in the tumor microenvironment. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 19 20304059
2021 MiR-30b-5p attenuates neuropathic pain by the CYP24A1-Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CCI rats. Experimental brain research 17 34748047
2013 Vitamin D hydroxylases CYP2R1, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in renal cell carcinoma. European journal of clinical investigation 17 24245571
2022 Association of CYP24A1 with survival and drug resistance in clinical cancer patients: a meta-analysis. BMC cancer 16 36527000
2015 Metabolism of 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 20,23-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by rat and human CYP24A1. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 16 25727742
2015 Association of vdr, cyp27b1, cyp24a1 and mthfr gene polymorphisms with oral lichen planus risk. Clinical oral investigations 16 26303648
2014 Small-molecule inhibitors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1): synthesis and biological evaluation. Journal of medicinal chemistry 16 25148392
2014 Vitamin D-neutralizing CYP24A1 expression, oncogenic mutation states and histological findings of human papillary thyroid cancer. Journal of endocrinological investigation 16 25201000
2006 HIV-1 protease inhibitor ritonavir potentiates the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to induce growth arrest and differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells via down-regulation of CYP24. Leukemia research 16 16457885
2004 Insights into Vitamin D metabolism using cyp24 over-expression and knockout systems in conjunction with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 16 15225763
2020 Biallelic CYP24A1 variants presenting during pregnancy: clinical and biochemical phenotypes. Endocrine connections 15 32375123
2019 Expression of vitamin D receptor, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 hydroxylases and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels in stone formers. Urolithiasis 15 31696245
2024 In Vivo Contribution of Cyp24a1 Promoter Vitamin D Response Elements. Endocrinology 14 39363152
2016 Upregulation of nuclear factor-κB activity mediates CYP24 expression and reactive oxygen species production in indoxyl sulfate-induced chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) 14 26567049
2016 Levels of vitamin D receptor and CYP24A1 in patients with end-stage renal disease. African health sciences 14 27605961
2015 Association of the CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism of the vitamin D catabolism enzyme with hormone-related cancer risk: a meta-analysis. OncoTargets and therapy 14 26045671
2010 Systematic characterisation of the rat and human CYP24A1 promoter. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 14 20450955
2007 Kinetic studies of 25-hydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D3 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D3 hydroxylation by CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 14 17553915
2023 Polymorphisms in VDR, CYP27B1, CYP2R1, GC and CYP24A1 Genes as Biomarkers of Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 13 36986255
2014 Increased CYP24A1 expression is associated with BRAF(V600E) mutation and advanced stages in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clinical endocrinology 13 24382015
1995 Thirteen genes (Cebpb, E2f1, Tcf4, Cyp24, Pck1, Acra4, Edn3, Kcnb1, Mc3r, Ntsr, Cd40, Plcg1 and Rcad) that probably lie in the distal imprinting region of mouse chromosome 2 are not monoallelically expressed. Genetical research 13 7781998
2021 High Prevalence of Kidney Cysts in Patients With CYP24A1 Deficiency. Kidney international reports 12 34307984
2018 5α-dihydrotestosterone reduces renal Cyp24a1 expression via suppression of progesterone receptor. Journal of molecular endocrinology 12 29382742
2017 The associations between CYP24A1 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Pathology, research and practice 12 29254801
2016 Profiling of Vitamin D Metabolic Intermediates toward VDR Using Novel Stable Gene Reporter Cell Lines IZ-VDRE and IZ-CYP24. Chemical research in toxicology 12 27327272
2025 A deficient CP24 allele defines variation for dynamic nonphotochemical quenching and photosystem II efficiency in maize. The Plant cell 11 40132112
2022 CYP24A1 Involvement in Inflammatory Factor Regulation Occurs via the Wnt Signaling Pathway. Current medical science 11 36255661
2018 Three Sisters With Heterozygous Gene Variants of CYP24A1: Maternal Hypercalcemia, New-Onset Hypertension, and Neonatal Hypoglycemia. Journal of the Endocrine Society 10 30729229
2017 Role of CYP24A1, VDR and GC gene polymorphisms on deferasirox pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. The pharmacogenomics journal 10 29160302

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