Affinage

CYC1

Cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial · UniProt P08574

Length
325 aa
Mass
35.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
60 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 3/3 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Human CYC1 encodes cytochrome c1, the heme-containing subunit of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III that mediates electron transfer from the Rieske iron-sulfur protein to cytochrome c; loss-of-function mutations reduce cytochrome c1 protein levels and complex III activity in patient skeletal muscle and fibroblasts, and wild-type CYC1 expression rescues complex III activity in both yeast and patient cells, establishing cytochrome c1 as required for complex III function and causative of a mitochondrial disease (PMID:23910460). By controlling complex III, CYC1 sits upstream of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway: its silencing diminishes complex III activity and potentiates TRAIL-induced cytochrome c release, caspase-9 activation, and apoptosis (PMID:25562155). The yeast CYC1 gene (iso-1-cytochrome c) has additionally served as a paradigm for eukaryotic transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation—its expression is governed by heme through an upstream activation site whose UAS1 and UAS2 subsites respond to HAP1 and to the HAP2/HAP3 CCAAT-binding heterodimer respectively (PMID:6301690, PMID:6319028, PMID:2826015), its promoter is derepressed from glucose repression through SNF1 acting via SSN6 (PMID:2154683), and it has been used to dissect TATA-element selection, TFIID/RNA Pol II pre-assembly at the core promoter, mRNA 3′ end formation, and translation-independent 5′→3′ mRNA decay (PMID:1846668, PMID:11401707, PMID:8246998, PMID:8799124). These yeast findings describe the model gene used to define general regulatory mechanisms rather than human CYC1 mitochondrial biology.

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1983 High

    Established that CYC1 expression is set at the level of transcription initiation by intracellular heme, defining heme as the primary regulatory signal acting through a discrete upstream activation site.

    Evidence CYC1-lacZ fusions, mRNA quantification and UAS substitution in yeast

    PMID:6301690

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the trans-acting factors transducing the heme signal
    • UAS internal architecture not resolved
  2. 1984 High

    Resolved the UAS into two functionally distinct subsites with separate trans-acting regulators, explaining how heme signaling and glucose state are integrated at one promoter.

    Evidence UAS deletion/substitution upstream of LEU2, glucose repression assays, hap1/hap2 mutant analysis in yeast

    PMID:6319028

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not demonstrate direct factor-DNA binding
    • Did not define HAP protein composition at UAS2
  3. 1987 Medium

    Defined the molecular basis of UAS recognition by showing HAP2 and HAP3 bind UAS2 interdependently as a CCAAT-box heterodimeric complex, and HAP1 binds UAS1 region B in a heme-stimulated manner.

    Evidence Gel-shift with HAP-beta-galactosidase fusions, methylation interference footprinting, and binding with fractionated extracts in yeast

    PMID:2826015 PMID:3030567

    Open questions at the time
    • RC2 and RAF factors only partially defined biochemically
    • How heme stimulation alters HAP1 binding not mechanistically resolved
  4. 1988 Medium

    Showed that UAS1 regions A and B each respond to HAP1 and can act synergistically with TUF, revealing combinatorial control among activators at a single UAS.

    Evidence Point mutagenesis of UAS1 with combinatorial reporter assays in yeast

    PMID:2548856

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of synergy not biochemically defined
    • Single lab
  5. 1990 Medium

    Placed CYC1 glucose derepression within the SNF1/SSN6 regulatory hierarchy, showing SNF1 acts through SSN6 to relieve repression.

    Evidence Genetic epistasis with snf1/ssn6 single and double mutants and mRNA quantification in yeast

    PMID:2154683

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular connection between SNF1/SSN6 and the CYC1 promoter not shown
    • Single lab
  6. 1997 High

    Provided the structural basis of activator specificity by defining how the HAP1 zinc cluster and basic region contact the CYC1 UAS1-B sequence.

    Evidence NMR of CYP1(HAP1) DNA-binding domain peptide bound to CYC1 UAS1-B DNA

    PMID:9224603

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length HAP1 and heme-bound state not structurally resolved
    • Single lab
  7. 1994 Medium

    Showed that TFIID binds either CYC1 TATA box in vivo independently of upstream activators, and later that TFIID and RNA Pol II are pre-bound at the repressed core promoter, redefining the rate-limiting step of activation as occurring after general factor recruitment.

    Evidence In vivo genomic footprinting, TATA mutagenesis, heat-shock induction, and ChIP of TFIID/Pol II with nucleosome mapping in yeast

    PMID:11401707 PMID:7991556

    Open questions at the time
    • The actual rate-limiting activation step not identified
    • ChIP study single lab
  8. 1991 High

    Established that distinct TATA element types are recognized by distinct factors and dictate start-site selection, with the initiation site itself encoding positional information.

    Evidence Site-directed TATA mutagenesis, type rearrangement, and primer extension/S1 start-site mapping in yeast

    PMID:1846668 PMID:3001709

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the distinct TATA-recognizing factors not established
  9. 1993 Medium

    Dissected CYC1 mRNA 3′ end formation into cooperating classes of cis-elements (efficiency upstream signals, positioning downstream elements, poly(A) site) acting through multiple redundant weak signals.

    Evidence Systematic site-directed mutagenesis of 3′ signals, revertant analysis, RNA end-mapping, and heterologous insertion with suppressor genetics in yeast

    PMID:1848175 PMID:2839828 PMID:7753784 PMID:8246998

    Open questions at the time
    • Trans-acting 3′ processing machinery only inferred from suppressor groups
    • Individual factor assignments not made
  10. 1988 Medium

    Demonstrated biochemical reconstitution of CYC1 mature 3′ end formation by ATP-dependent endonucleolytic cleavage followed by polyadenylation, and linked the 3′ signal to transcription termination.

    Evidence In vitro RNA processing in yeast whole-cell extracts with mutant substrate controls; CEN3 plasmid stability and nuclear run-on for termination

    PMID:2554310 PMID:2848317

    Open questions at the time
    • Cleavage/polyadenylation enzymes not purified or identified
    • Coupling mechanism between processing and termination not defined
  11. 1996 Medium

    Defined CYC1 mRNA decay as translation-independent 5′→3′ degradation by Xrn1p, and mapped a restricted translation initiation region that governs both translation competence and NMD susceptibility.

    Evidence AUG-deleted alleles, poly(G) intermediate trapping, xrn1Δ and upf1 mutants, polysome and half-life analysis in yeast

    PMID:7823918 PMID:8799124

    Open questions at the time
    • Decapping and deadenylation enzymes not directly assayed here
    • Single lab
  12. 2013 High

    Connected human CYC1 to disease by showing that mutations reduce cytochrome c1 levels and complex III activity, with complementation rescue establishing cytochrome c1 as essential for complex III electron transfer.

    Evidence Patient muscle/fibroblast biochemistry and complementation rescue in yeast and patient fibroblasts

    PMID:23910460

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of mutation-induced destabilization not resolved
    • Assembly steps of complex III incorporation not detailed
  13. 2014 Medium

    Placed human CYC1/complex III upstream of intrinsic apoptosis by showing knockdown sensitizes cells to TRAIL-induced cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation.

    Evidence shRNA knockdown in osteosarcoma cells with complex III, cytochrome c release, caspase-9 assays and xenograft model

    PMID:25562155

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link between complex III activity and apoptotic priming not defined
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How human cytochrome c1 is assembled into complex III, how its heme is incorporated, and how complex III status mechanistically tunes apoptotic sensitivity remain unresolved.
  • No structural model of human cytochrome c1 in the corpus
  • Heme attachment machinery not characterized here
  • Quantitative link between complex III output and apoptotic threshold unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 1
Localization
GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 1 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 1
Partners
CYTOCHROME CRIESKE IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN
Complex memberships
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1983 Expression of yeast CYC1 (iso-1-cytochrome c) is transcriptionally regulated by intracellular heme levels via an upstream activation site (UASc) centered ~275 bp upstream of the transcriptional initiation region; substitution of UASc with the GAL10 UAS renders transcription heme-independent, establishing that heme controls transcription initiation per se. CYC1-lacZ gene fusions, direct mRNA level determination, UAS substitution experiments in yeast Cell High 6301690
1984 The CYC1 UAS contains two functionally distinct subsites, UAS1 and UAS2: UAS1 mediates most transcription under glucose repression and responds to HAP1 via intracellular heme; UAS2 contributes equally under derepressed conditions and responds to HAP2. A point mutation in UAS2 increases its glucose activity 10–20 fold. Trans-acting mutations hap1-1 and hap2-1 selectively abolish UAS1 or UAS2 activity respectively. UAS deletion/substitution upstream of LEU2, glucose repression assays, trans-acting regulatory mutant analysis in yeast Cell High 6319028
1987 Both HAP2 and HAP3 proteins bind to CYC1 UAS2UP1 in an interdependent manner, forming a single protein-DNA complex (complex C) centered on the sequence TGATTGGT (homologous to the CCAAT box). Binding of either HAP2 or HAP3 is abolished when the complementary HAP gene is mutated, demonstrating that their binding to UAS2 is mutually dependent. Gel electrophoresis DNA binding assay, mobility-shift with HAP2/HAP3-beta-galactosidase fusions, methylation interference footprinting Cell High 2826015
1987 The HAP1 protein directly binds in vitro to UAS1 of CYC1, specifically to region B; binding is stimulated by heme. A second factor, RC2, competes with HAP1 for the same sequence on the same face of the helix. A third factor (RAF) binds region A of UAS1. Gel electrophoresis DNA binding assay with crudely fractionated yeast extracts, major and minor groove contact analysis Cell Medium 3030567
1985 Three of four potential TATA elements in the CYC1 promoter are functional: the −106 TATA promotes initiation at +1, +10, +16; the −52 TATA at +16, +25, +34, +43; and the −22 TATA at +34 and +43. The information determining mRNA initiation sites is partly encoded within the DNA at the initiation site itself, not solely by fixed distance from TATA. Deletion analysis, introduction of TCGA sequences by site-directed mutagenesis, primer extension/S1 mapping of transcription start sites Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 3001709
1991 Two functionally distinct cis-acting elements cooperate in CYC1 mRNA 3′ end formation: (1) an upstream element whose function is enhanced by sequences including TAG...TATGTA and TATATA motifs; and (2) downstream elements that position the poly(A) site. A 38-bp deletion (cyc1-512) abolishing the upstream element reduces CYC1 mRNA to ~10% of normal and produces heterogeneous, elongated, labile transcripts; intragenic revertants restore function by creating new upstream signal sequences. S1 nuclease mapping, PCR-based 3′ end mapping, site-directed mutagenesis of cyc1-512 revertants The EMBO journal High 1848175
1988 Mature 3′ ends of CYC1 mRNA are generated in vitro by an endonucleolytic cleavage activity in yeast whole-cell extracts, followed by polyadenylation; the cleavage is ATP-dependent, accurate (at or near the in vivo poly(A) site), and abolished by mutations that prevent correct 3′ end formation in vivo. In vitro RNA processing assay using yeast whole-cell extracts with CYC1 precursor mRNA substrates; mutant substrate controls Science High 2848317
1989 Transcription of CYC1 terminates near (within ~100 nt of) the poly(A) site in vivo; a 38-bp region required for normal mRNA 3′ end formation is also required for transcription termination, demonstrated by CEN3 plasmid stability assays. CEN3 plasmid stability assay, insertion of CYC1 3′ sequences to block read-through transcription, nuclear run-on analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 2554310
1988 UAS1 region A and region B of CYC1 both respond individually to HAP1, and a point mutation in region B converts it to a TUF-regulated element; combinatorial analysis shows that HAP1 and TUF act synergistically on the mutant UAS1 to activate transcription. Point mutagenesis of UAS1 regions, combinatorial reporter assays in yeast The EMBO journal Medium 2548856
1990 Derepression of CYC1 from glucose repression requires both SNF1 and SSN6 gene products; in snf1 mutants CYC1 remains repressed upon shift to derepressing medium; in ssn6 mutants CYC1 is constitutively expressed at high levels even in glucose; SSN6 acts epistatically to SNF1, consistent with SNF1 acting through SSN6. Genetic epistasis analysis using snf1 and ssn6 single and double mutants, mRNA quantification Molecular and cellular biology Medium 2154683
1991 Two functional TATA elements at positions −178 (beta-type: ATATATATAT) and −123 (alpha-type: TATATAAAA) are required for normal CYC1 transcription. When the same type occupies both sites, only the upstream element is used; when different types are at the two sites, both are used equally, suggesting recognition by distinct transcription factors. Site-directed mutagenesis of TATA elements, rearrangement of TATA element types, transcriptional analysis by primer extension Molecular and cellular biology High 1846668
1994 TFIID binds to either of the two CYC1 TATA box elements in vivo independently of upstream activating sequences, as shown by high-resolution genomic footprinting; addition of a heat shock element renders the promoter heat-inducible without altering the TATA box footprints. This indicates that TFIID binding is not rate-limiting for CYC1 activation. High-resolution genomic footprinting (in vivo), site-directed mutagenesis of TATA boxes, heat shock induction assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7991556
2001 At the repressed CYC1 promoter (anaerobic + glucose conditions), the core promoter region contains no positioned nucleosomes, and both TFIID and RNA polymerase II are pre-bound in a complex, demonstrating that recruitment of these general transcription factors is not a rate-limiting step in CYC1 activation. Chromatin mapping, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for TFIID and RNA Pol II, nucleosome positioning analysis Molecular microbiology Medium 11401707
1997 NMR analysis of the CYP1(HAP1) DNA-binding domain bound to CYC1 UAS1-B sequences revealed that the zinc cluster recognizes a CGG trinucleotide in the major groove, while the N-terminal basic region (arginyl/lysyl residues) contacts a thymine 5 bp downstream in the minor groove, defining the molecular basis of HAP1 binding specificity to CYC1 UAS1. NMR spectroscopy of protein–DNA complexes using CYP1(HAP1) DNA-binding domain peptide and CYC1 UAS1-B DNA fragments Nucleic acids research High 9224603
1996 Degradation of CYC1 mRNA does not require translation: a CYC1 mRNA lacking all AUG triplets is as stable as normal mRNA. Both translatable and AUG-deficient CYC1 mRNAs are degraded 5′→3′ by the same pathway involving Xrn1p (the major 5′→3′ exonuclease), and deadenylation occurs at equivalent rates in both. AUG-deleted CYC1 alleles, poly(G)18 track insertion to trap degradation intermediates, xrn1Δ strain analysis, mRNA half-life measurements Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 8799124
2013 Mutations in human CYC1 (encoding cytochrome c1, the heme-containing subunit of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III) cause reduced cytochrome c1 protein levels and reduced complex III activity in patient skeletal muscle and fibroblasts; exogenous expression of wild-type CYC1 in yeast mutants and patient fibroblasts rescues complex III activity, establishing that cytochrome c1 is required for complex III function and mediates electron transfer from the Rieske iron-sulfur protein to cytochrome c. Patient fibroblast and skeletal muscle biochemical assays, complementation in yeast and patient fibroblasts with wild-type CYC1 expression American journal of human genetics High 23910460
2014 CYC1 silencing by shRNA in osteosarcoma cells reduces complex III activity, potentiates TRAIL-induced cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation, and sensitizes cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, placing CYC1/complex III upstream of the mitochondria-dependent (intrinsic) apoptotic pathway. shRNA knockdown of CYC1 in human osteosarcoma cell lines, complex III activity assay, cytochrome c release assay, caspase-9 activation assay, mouse xenograft model Cellular physiology and biochemistry Medium 25562155
1995 CYC1 mRNA 3′ end formation in yeast employs redundant, cooperating signals: the strongest signal is TATATA; concomitant mutation of three signals (TTTATA, TATGTT, TATTTA) within and adjacent to the 38-bp region phenocopies the cyc1-512 deletion, establishing that multiple weak signals act together to produce efficient 3′ end formation. Site-directed mutagenesis of multiple 3′ end-forming signals, CYC1 mRNA level quantification Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 7753784
1993 Three distinct classes of cis-acting elements collaborate in CYC1 mRNA 3′ end formation: (i) upstream elements (TATATA, TAG...TATGTA, TTTTTATA) that enhance efficiency; (ii) downstream positioning elements (TTAAGAAC, AAGAA); and (iii) the actual poly(A) site (after cytidine residues 3′ to the downstream element). Upstream elements affect efficiency, while downstream elements and poly(A) site alterations affect position but not efficiency. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with analysis of cyc1-512 background, systematic introduction/deletion of signal elements Molecular and cellular biology Medium 8246998
1988 An 82-bp region spanning the CYC1 mRNA 3′ end formation site is sufficient to direct poly(A) addition and terminate mRNA in an orientation-dependent manner when inserted into a heterologous transcript; in forward orientation the insert causes premature 3′ end formation at the same site as in native CYC1; recessive suppressors defining at least three complementation groups can suppress the insert's effect, implicating multiple trans-acting factors in 3′ end formation. Cloning of CYC1 3′ fragment into actin-HIS4 fusion gene, RNA blot analysis, 3′ end mapping, genetic suppressor analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 2839828
1995 Translation of CYC1 mRNA can only initiate efficiently within a restricted 'initiation region' spanning approximately nucleotide positions −27 to +37 (relative to the AUG). ATG-TAA sequences placed outside this region do not cause mRNA degradation, whereas those inside do (via Upf1-dependent decay). AUG-deficient CYC1 mRNA is stable, confirming that the restricted initiation region, not arbitrary 5′ proximity, determines translation competence. Introduction of TAA codons, ATG codons, and ATG-TAA sequences at systematic positions along CYC1; polyribosome distribution analysis; mRNA stability measurements in upf1 mutants Molecular and cellular biology Medium 7823918

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 60 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1983 Heme regulates transcription of the CYC1 gene of S. cerevisiae via an upstream activation site. Cell 566 6301690
1982 A GAL10-CYC1 hybrid yeast promoter identifies the GAL4 regulatory region as an upstream site. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 519 6760197
1984 Distinctly regulated tandem upstream activation sites mediate catabolite repression of the CYC1 gene of S. cerevisiae. Cell 407 6319028
1985 Each of three "TATA elements" specifies a subset of the transcription initiation sites at the CYC-1 promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 308 3001709
1987 Yeast HAP2 and HAP3 activators both bind to the CYC1 upstream activation site, UAS2, in an interdependent manner. Cell 211 2826015
1987 Yeast HAP1 activator competes with the factor RC2 for binding to the upstream activation site UAS1 of the CYC1 gene. Cell 196 3030567
1984 Upstream activation sites of the CYC1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are active when inverted but not when placed downstream of the "TATA box". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 173 6096863
1985 A synthetic HIS4 regulatory element confers general amino acid control on the cytochrome c gene (CYC1) of yeast. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 123 2982161
1976 Yeast cytochrome c messenger RNA. In vitro translation and specific immunoprecipitation of the CYC1 gene product. The Journal of biological chemistry 123 185210
1991 Distinct cis-acting signals enhance 3' endpoint formation of CYC1 mRNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The EMBO journal 119 1848175
1988 Mutational analysis of upstream activation sequence 2 of the CYC1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a HAP2-HAP3-responsive site. Molecular and cellular biology 119 2832731
1988 RNA processing generates the mature 3' end of yeast CYC1 messenger RNA in vitro. Science (New York, N.Y.) 111 2848317
1979 Ultraviolet-induced reversion of cyc1 alleles in radiation-sensitive strains of yeast. III. rev3 mutant strains. Genetics 90 385449
1984 Mutationally altered 3' ends of yeast CYC1 mRNA affect transcript stability and translational efficiency. Journal of molecular biology 89 6086937
1983 Modulator sequences mediate oxygen regulation of CYC1 and a neighboring gene in yeast. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 78 6296862
1985 Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC1 mRNA 5'-end positioning: analysis by in vitro mutagenesis, using synthetic duplexes with random mismatch base pairs. Molecular and cellular biology 72 3915780
1981 The cyc1-11 mutation in yeast reverts by recombination with a nonallelic gene: composite genes determining the iso-cytochromes c. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72 6273865
1989 Transcription terminates near the poly(A) site in the CYC1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 70 2554310
1991 Two types of TATA elements for the CYC1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 68 1846668
1983 The expression in yeast of the Escherichia coli galK gene on CYC1::galK fusion plasmids. Gene 58 6198241
2013 Mutations in CYC1, encoding cytochrome c1 subunit of respiratory chain complex III, cause insulin-responsive hyperglycemia. American journal of human genetics 57 23910460
1993 Signals that produce 3' termini in CYC1 mRNA of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 56 8246998
1975 A deletion map of cyc1 mutants and its correspondence to mutationally altered iso-1-cytochromes c of yeast. Genetics 50 173620
1994 Binding of TFIID to the CYC1 TATA boxes in yeast occurs independently of upstream activating sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 48 7991556
1978 Ultraviolet-induced reversion of cyc1 alleles in radiation sensitive strains of yeast. II. rev2 mutant strains. Genetics 43 365677
1990 Release of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome genes, COX6 and CYC1, from glucose repression requires the SNF1 and SSN6 gene products. Molecular and cellular biology 40 2154683
1988 A 28-bp segment of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO5 upstream activator sequence confers phosphate control to the CYC1-lacZ gene fusion. Gene 40 3139496
2003 Targeted nucleotide repair of cyc1 mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae directed by modified single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides. Genetics 39 12618392
1995 Redundant 3' end-forming signals for the yeast CYC1 mRNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 35 7753784
1992 cis- and trans-acting suppressors of a translation initiation defect at the cyc1 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 35 1327957
1981 Physical analysis of the CYC1-sup4 interval in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 33 6765599
1998 Characterization and expression of the co-transcribed cyc1 and cyc2 genes encoding the cytochrome c4 (c552) and a high-molecular-mass cytochrome c from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 33020. FEMS microbiology letters 32 9809418
2014 CYC1 silencing sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 28 25562155
1991 Extragenic suppressors of a translation initiation defect in the cyc1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochimie 28 1666843
2001 RNA polymerase II and TBP occupy the repressed CYC1 promoter. Molecular microbiology 27 11401707
1995 Initiation of translation can occur only in a restricted region of the CYC1 mRNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 27 7823918
1988 Orientation-dependent function of a short CYC1 DNA fragment in directing mRNA 3' end formation in yeast. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 21 2839828
1988 Differential mismatch repair can explain the disproportionalities between physical distances and recombination frequencies of cyc1 mutations in yeast. Genetics 17 3294098
1979 Absence of relationship between UV-induced reversion frequency and nucleotide sequence at the CYC1 locus of yeast. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 17 231728
1986 Comparison of expression of the endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase gene from Bacillus subtilis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the CYC1 and ADH1 promoters. Current genetics 13 2834081
1989 A point mutation in the CYC1 UAS1 creates a new combination of regulatory elements that activate transcription synergistically. The EMBO journal 12 2548856
1999 Two distinct classes of mitotic cyclin homologues, Cyc1 and Cyc2, are involved in cell cycle regulation in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia. The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology 11 10568031
2000 Influence of homology size and polymorphism on plasmid integration in the yeast CYC1 DNA region. Current genetics 10 10853765
2021 Defective complex III mitochondrial respiratory chain due to a novel variant in CYC1 gene masquerades acute demyelinating syndrome or Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Mitochondrion 8 34252606
1988 A highly revertible cyc1 mutant of yeast contains a small tandem duplication. Genetics 8 2851481
1998 DNA unwinding in the CYC1 and DED1 yeast promoters. Gene 7 9931479
1997 NMR analysis of CYP1(HAP1) DNA binding domain-CYC1 upstream activation sequence interactions: recognition of a CGG trinucleotide and of an additional thymine 5 bp downstream by the zinc cluster and the N-terminal extremity of the protein. Nucleic acids research 7 9224603
1984 Regulation of transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC1 gene: Identification of a DNA region involved in heme control. Current genetics 7 24177529
2021 Investigation of Cyc1 protein structure stability after H53I mutation using computational approaches to improve redox potential. Journal of molecular graphics & modelling 5 33647753
1996 Degradation of CYC1 mRNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not require translation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 5 8799124
2020 CYC1, SDHA, UQCRC1, UQCRQ, and SDHB might be important biomarkers in kidney transplant rejection. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 3 32302684
2015 A Random Screen Using a Novel Reporter Assay System Reveals a Set of Sequences That Are Preferred as the TATA or TATA-Like Elements in the CYC1 Promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PloS one 3 26046838
2010 [Construction of a lentivirus interfering vector targeting Cyc1 and its interfering efficiency in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells]. Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 2 21177164
1998 Evidence of an overlap between the two half-sites of UAS1-B/CYC1--a new model for Cyp1p (Hap1p) DNA binding. European journal of biochemistry 2 9652402
1985 The predicted presence of large helical structural variation in yeast HIS4 upstream region is correlated with general amino acid control on the CYC1 gene. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 2 3917026
2022 Evaluation of Cyc1 protein stability in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterium after E121D mutation by molecular dynamics simulation to improve electron transfer. Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) 1 35286603
2025 ECE-CYC1 Transcription Factor CmCYC1a May Interact with CmCYC2 in Regulating Flower Symmetry and Stamen Development in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Genes 0 40004481
2011 [The effects of TATA-box in CYC1 promoter on the reporter gene regulated by ERE in the recombinant yeast cell]. Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi 0 21774222
1985 Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides as tools in molecular genetics: the characterization of the CYC1 (iso-1-cytochrome c encoding) locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochimie 0 3002492
1983 Expression of the yeast CYC genes and CYC1/GalK fusion genes on yeast plasmids. Gene amplification and analysis 0 6101026

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