Affinage

CXCL14

C-X-C motif chemokine 14 · UniProt O95715

Length
111 aa
Mass
13.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 36 papers cited in narrative 37 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CXCL14 is a homeostatic CXC chemokine constitutively expressed in epithelial and stromal tissues that orchestrates innate and adaptive immune cell recruitment, modulates angiogenesis, and shapes tissue remodeling across developmental and pathological contexts. It functions as a selective chemoattractant for monocytes, immature dendritic cells, NK cells, and neutrophils through pertussis toxin–sensitive Gi-coupled receptor signaling (PMID:11561000, PMID:15548693, PMID:16169505, PMID:16863917), acts as a positive allosteric modulator of CXCR4 that synergizes with CXCL12 for supramaximal chemotaxis without itself activating canonical CXCR4 signaling (PMID:28360196, PMID:25451233), signals through ACKR2 to drive EMT and NF-κB–dependent invasion in certain cancers (PMID:30850359, PMID:37056937), binds integrin α11β1 on fibroblasts to activate actomyosin contractility and TGFβ-mediated matrix remodeling (PMID:38295227), and potently activates the orphan GPCR MRGPRX2 via its C-terminal domain (PMID:38184723). CXCL14 expression is subject to multilayered epigenetic regulation—including HPV E7–induced promoter DNA hypermethylation, H2A.Z.2/G9a/H3K9me2 repression in neural progenitors, and NFATc2/p300-mediated histone acetylation—as well as post-translational control through proteasomal degradation directed by its unique VSRYR insertion (PMID:27143385, PMID:31712428, PMID:33070779, PMID:16987528); upstream transcriptional activators include HIF-1α, RhoBTB2, IRX1, and Brg1 (PMID:28382159, PMID:18762809, PMID:25822025, PMID:36722664). In tumors, CXCL14 mediates antitumor immune surveillance by restoring MHC-I expression on cancer cells and recruiting antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, with its suppression by HPV E7–driven methylation representing a key immune evasion mechanism (PMID:31417179, PMID:32958684, PMID:27143385).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 2001 High

    The first mechanistic characterization of CXCL14 established it as a selective monocyte chemoattractant signaling through a Gi-coupled receptor, distinguishing it from other CXC chemokines and defining its basic signaling mode.

    Evidence Transwell migration, Ca²⁺ mobilization with pertussis toxin inhibition, cell-type specificity panel

    PMID:11561000

    Open questions at the time
    • Cognate receptor identity unknown
    • Mechanism of monocyte selectivity undefined
    • In vivo relevance not tested
  2. 2004 High

    CXCL14 was shown to be a potent angiogenesis inhibitor and high-affinity ligand for immature dendritic cells, expanding its functional repertoire beyond monocyte chemotaxis to include vascular and DC biology.

    Evidence Rat corneal micropocket assay, radioligand binding (Kd ~2 nM on iDCs), endothelial chemotaxis inhibition

    PMID:15548693

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor on iDCs and endothelial cells not identified
    • Anti-angiogenic mechanism of action unknown
  3. 2005 High

    CXCL14 was established as a constitutive epidermal chemokine that recruits DC precursors, directs their suprabasal positioning, promotes Langerhans cell differentiation, and activates NF-κB in DCs—defining its role in cutaneous immune homeostasis.

    Evidence 3D epidermal equivalents, DC maturation/antigen presentation assays, NF-κB reporter, chimeric animal DC infiltration models

    PMID:15843547 PMID:16169505

    Open questions at the time
    • DC-expressed CXCL14 receptor still unidentified
    • Whether CXCL14 is required (not just sufficient) for Langerhans cell homeostasis not tested genetically
  4. 2006 High

    Two independent advances resolved structural determinants of CXCL14 turnover and extended its chemotactic target cells to NK cells: the NMR structure revealed a unique VSRYR insertion mediating proteasomal degradation, while NK chemotaxis was shown to be Gi-dependent.

    Evidence NMR structure/mutagenesis/ubiquitylation assays; NK transwell migration with PTX and antibody neutralization

    PMID:16863917 PMID:16987528

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting VSRYR not identified
    • NK cell CXCL14 receptor unknown
    • Whether proteasomal regulation occurs in vivo not shown
  5. 2008 Medium

    RhoBTB2 was placed upstream of CXCL14 expression through loss- and gain-of-function experiments, providing the first upstream regulator linking GTPase signaling to CXCL14 transcription.

    Evidence RNAi in primary epithelial cells, RhoBTB2 re-expression in HNSCC lines restoring CXCL14 secretion

    PMID:18762809

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RhoBTB2 acts directly on the CXCL14 promoter or through intermediaries unknown
    • Not replicated in independent labs
  6. 2009 Medium

    Context-dependent CXCL14 signaling was revealed: in breast cancer, ROS/AP-1 induces CXCL14 to elevate cytosolic Ca²⁺ via IP3R promoting motility, while in trophoblasts CXCL14 inhibits invasion by suppressing MMP-2/9—demonstrating cell-type-specific functional outcomes.

    Evidence Ca²⁺ imaging, AP-1 reporter, invasion assays in breast cancer cells; gelatinase zymography and villous explant invasion assays for trophoblasts

    PMID:19276362 PMID:19833716

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating trophoblast or breast cancer cell responses not identified
    • Mechanism of MMP suppression not defined
    • Single-lab findings for each
  7. 2010 High

    Epigenetic silencing of CXCL14 by promoter CpG hypermethylation was established in prostate cancer, with demethylation restoring functional DC-chemoattractant activity—providing the first direct link between CXCL14 epigenetic loss and impaired immune recruitment.

    Evidence MSP, bisulfite sequencing, 5-aza-dC restoration, DC chemotaxis with affinity depletion confirmation

    PMID:20460540

    Open questions at the time
    • Methyltransferase(s) responsible not identified at this point
    • Whether methylation-mediated silencing occurs in vivo in patient tumors not formally tested
  8. 2013 High

    CXCL14 was identified as a high-affinity CXCR4 binder that inhibits CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis via receptor internalization, with the C-terminal domain (residues 51–77) mapped as the CXCR4-binding determinant; however, a contradicting study found no direct CXCR4 modulation in reconstituted systems, leaving the CXCL14–CXCR4 relationship unresolved.

    Evidence Radioligand binding, CXCR4 internalization, truncation/mutagenesis; counter-evidence from CXCR4-transfected HEK293/Jurkat signaling panel (Ca²⁺, ERK, DMR, internalization)

    PMID:23669361 PMID:24161674 PMID:25451233

    Open questions at the time
    • Discrepancy between endogenous and overexpression systems unresolved
    • Whether CXCL14 requires a co-receptor or accessory factor for CXCR4 engagement not tested
  9. 2015 High

    Two studies established CXCL14's antitumor immune mechanism in vivo: IRX1 was placed upstream of CXCL14/NF-κB in osteosarcoma metastasis, while transgenic CXCL14 suppressed tumors through an NK cell–dependent mechanism demonstrated by antibody depletion.

    Evidence IRX1 overexpression/knockdown epistasis with NF-κB reporter and murine metastasis model; CXCL14-transgenic mice with anti-asialo-GM1 NK depletion

    PMID:25765541 PMID:25822025

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NK cells are directly recruited by CXCL14 or activated indirectly not distinguished
    • IRX1 direct binding to CXCL14 promoter not shown
  10. 2016 High

    The HPV E7 oncoprotein was shown to induce CXCL14 promoter DNA hypermethylation, mechanistically explaining CXCL14 loss in HPV-positive cancers; restoration of CXCL14 cleared tumors in immunocompetent but not Rag1-knockout mice, proving adaptive immunity is required.

    Evidence E7 gain/loss of function, promoter methylation mapping, syngeneic tumor model, Rag1-KO epistasis, flow cytometry

    PMID:27143385

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific methyltransferase recruited by E7 not identified
    • Whether E7 acts directly on CXCL14 promoter or through intermediaries not resolved
  11. 2017 High

    The CXCL14–CXCR4 discrepancy was resolved by showing CXCL14 acts as a positive allosteric modulator of CXCR4: it binds CXCR4, redistributes it on the cell surface, and synergizes with sub-active CXCL12 for supramaximal chemotaxis and enhanced HIV-1 infection, without triggering canonical CXCR4 signaling alone.

    Evidence Chemotaxis synergy, Ca²⁺/ERK/Rac1 negative results for CXCL14 alone, CXCR4 redistribution by confocal, HIV-1 infection assay

    PMID:28360196

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for allosteric modulation not determined
    • Whether allosteric mechanism applies to all CXCR4-expressing cell types unknown
  12. 2017 Medium

    Multiple new biological contexts for CXCL14 were established: HIF-1α directly binds the CXCL14 promoter to drive ischemia-dependent expression and DC homing in stroke; CXCL14 activates p38/JNK/CREB to regulate steroidogenesis; and Cxcl14 depletion accelerates myogenic differentiation through ERK1/2-dependent cell cycle withdrawal.

    Evidence ChIP (HIF-1α at CXCL14 promoter), stroke mouse model; p38/JNK inhibitors in primary granulosa cells; Cxcl14-KO mice muscle regeneration with BrdU incorporation

    PMID:28382159 PMID:28775895 PMID:33129993

    Open questions at the time
    • HIF-1α regulation not validated in non-neural tissues
    • Receptor mediating p38/JNK signaling in granulosa cells unidentified
    • ERK1/2 mechanism in myoblasts may be indirect
  13. 2019 High

    ACKR2 was identified as a functional CXCL14 receptor mediating fibroblast-to-cancer cell paracrine EMT signaling; CXCL14 was shown to restore MHC-I on HPV+ cancer cells and recruit antigen-specific CD8+ T cells; and GAG interactions were structurally characterized, revealing sulfation-dependent specificity.

    Evidence ACKR2 siRNA/shRNA with invasion/metastasis models and NOS1 inhibition; MHC-I knockdown and TCR-transgenic mouse epistasis; NMR/thermophoresis GAG binding characterization

    PMID:30850359 PMID:31264681 PMID:31417179

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether ACKR2 signals directly or through ligand scavenging affecting other chemokines not fully distinguished
    • GAG binding functional consequences in vivo untested
    • How CXCL14 upregulates MHC-I expression is mechanistically undefined
  14. 2019 High

    Epigenetic repression of Cxcl14 in neural progenitors was shown to depend on H2A.Z.2 recruiting G9a to deposit H3K9me2 at the promoter, with conditional deletion causing microglial accumulation—linking CXCL14 to brain immune homeostasis during development.

    Evidence NPC-specific H2A.Z.2 conditional KO, ChIP for H2A.Z.2/G9a/H3K9me2, immunohistochemistry

    PMID:31712428

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether G9a inhibition alone is sufficient to derepress Cxcl14 not tested pharmacologically
    • Functional consequences of microglial accumulation on brain development not explored
  15. 2020 High

    Systematic receptor screening showed CXCL14 does not activate any known conventional or atypical chemokine receptor in β-arrestin or chemotaxis assays but preferentially synergizes with homeostatic chemokine systems (CXCR4/CXCL12, CXCR5/CXCL13, CCR7/CCL19), reinforcing the allosteric modulator model; NFATc2/p300 was identified as an epigenetic activator depositing H4 acetylation at the CXCL14 promoter in neuropathic pain; and T cell depletion in oral cancer proved CXCL14 antitumor effects require T cell–mediated immunity.

    Evidence GPCR panel screening, β-arrestin/Ca²⁺/chemotaxis assays, CCL19 competitive binding; ChIP-seq/ChIP for NFATc2/p300/H4Ac; shRNA/OE with T cell depletion in syngeneic model

    PMID:32958684 PMID:33070779 PMID:33123134

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which CXCL14 synergizes with CCR7 and CXCR5 systems not defined
    • Whether NFATc2 regulation is tissue-specific or generalizable unknown
  16. 2021 High

    Direct CXCL14–CXCR4 interaction on platelets was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and functional validation using both CXCL14-KO and CXCR4-KO platelets, establishing a CXCR4-dependent role for CXCL14 in platelet migration and thrombus formation.

    Evidence Co-IP, confocal, flow-chamber thrombus assay, CXCL14-KO mouse platelets, CXCR4-KO mouse and iPSC-derived platelets

    PMID:32239134

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether platelet CXCL14–CXCR4 interaction operates allosterically (as in leukocytes) or through a distinct mechanism not tested
    • In vivo thrombosis model not performed
  17. 2023 Medium

    Downstream signaling through ACKR2 was elaborated: CXCL14 activates PLCβ3/PKCα/c-Src/NF-κB to drive EMT and lung metastasis in NSCLC; Brg1 was identified as a direct transcriptional activator of CXCL14 in hepatocytes driving neutrophil recruitment in alcoholic liver disease; and CXCL14 was shown to inhibit CML leukemia-initiating stem cells by downregulating mTOR and oxidative phosphorylation.

    Evidence ACKR2 knockdown with PLCβ3/PKCα/c-Src/NF-κB signaling in NSCLC orthotopic model; Brg1 KO/OE epistasis with CXCL14 in ALD mouse model; RNA-seq and PDX model for CML

    PMID:36722664 PMID:37018663 PMID:37056937

    Open questions at the time
    • ACKR2 signaling cascade not validated with reconstituted components
    • Whether Brg1 binds CXCL14 promoter directly not shown by ChIP
    • CML mTOR suppression mechanism indirect and correlative
  18. 2024 High

    Two major receptor discoveries emerged: CXCL14 binds integrin α11β1 on fibroblasts to activate actomyosin contractility and TGFβ secretion promoting osteosarcoma invasion; and MRGPRX2 was identified as a bona fide cognate GPCR for CXCL14, activated potently by the C-terminal domain through G protein and β-arrestin pathways. Additionally, CXCL14 secreted by p21+ perinecrotic hepatocytes was shown to be the critical pathogenic mediator in APAP-induced liver failure.

    Evidence Co-IP of CXCL14–integrin α11β1, anti-CXCL14/integrin mAb in vivo metastasis model; GPCR panel screen, MRGPRX2 antagonist, truncation/mutagenesis defining C-terminal pharmacophore; spatial transcriptomics, CXCL14-neutralizing antibody vs senolytics in APAP model

    PMID:38184723 PMID:38295227 PMID:38614205

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether MRGPRX2 mediates the classical monocyte/DC chemotactic activities attributed to CXCL14 not tested
    • Integrin α11β1 interaction not validated structurally
    • APAP liver injury findings require independent replication

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: which receptor(s) mediate CXCL14's chemotactic activity toward monocytes and immature DCs (MRGPRX2, CXCR4, ACKR2, integrin α11β1, or an unidentified receptor); the structural basis for CXCL14's allosteric modulation of CXCR4 and synergy with homeostatic chemokine systems; and how CXCL14 restores MHC-I expression on tumor cells.
  • Cognate receptor for monocyte/iDC chemotaxis remains unresolved despite multiple receptor candidates
  • No structural model of CXCL14–CXCR4 allosteric complex exists
  • Mechanism by which CXCL14 upregulates MHC-I is undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 7 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 6
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 7 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 1
Partners
ACKR2CXCR4ITGA11MRGPRX2

Evidence

Reading pass · 37 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 CXCL14 (BRAK) is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo (rat corneal micropocket assay) and blocks endothelial cell chemotaxis at ~1 nM in vitro; human immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (iDCs) bind CXCL14 with high affinity (Kd ~2 nM) and CXCL14 is chemotactic for iDCs at 1–10 nM. Rat corneal micropocket angiogenesis assay, in vitro endothelial cell chemotaxis assay, radioligand binding assay (iDC), transwell chemotaxis assay Cancer research High 15548693
2001 CXCL14 (BRAK) is a selective chemoattractant for monocytes (not other blood leukocytes, monocyte-derived DCs, or macrophages); the chemotactic response is pertussis toxin-sensitive (Gi-coupled) and is enhanced by cAMP-elevating agents (PGE2, forskolin), indicating receptor coupling to a Gi protein. Transwell migration assay, Ca2+ mobilization assay with pertussis toxin inhibition, cell-type specificity panel The Journal of experimental medicine High 11561000
2005 CXCL14 attracts dendritic cells in vitro and promotes their infiltration into tumors in vivo; CXCL14 upregulates DC maturation markers, enhances allogeneic T cell proliferation in MLR, and activates NF-κB in DCs. Transwell chemotaxis assay, chimeric animal model DC infiltration, DC maturation marker FACS, MLR, NF-κB reporter assay Journal of immunology High 15843547
2005 Cutaneous CXCL14 produced constitutively in healthy epidermis attracts CD14+ DC precursors (from CD34+ progenitors or blood), directs their suprabasal positioning in epidermal equivalents, promotes their survival, and drives their differentiation into Langerhans cell-like cells with antigen-presentation function. Transwell migration assay, 3D human epidermal equivalent tissue model, FACS phenotyping, antigen presentation functional assay Immunity High 16169505
2006 CXCL14 stimulates migration of activated human NK cells and an NK leukemia cell line (NKL); this chemotactic effect is blocked by anti-CXCL14 antisera or pertussis toxin, indicating Gi-coupled receptor signaling, but CXCL14 does not affect NK cell proliferation or cytotoxic activity. Transwell chemotaxis assay, pertussis toxin inhibition, antisera neutralization Experimental hematology Medium 16863917
2006 CXCL14 protein stability in cancer cell lines is regulated by the 26S proteasome via polyubiquitylation; a unique five-amino-acid insertion (41VSRYR45) not found in other CXC chemokines mediates proteasomal targeting, as shown by NMR structure determination and deletion/substitution mutagenesis. NMR structure determination, site-directed mutagenesis, proteasome inhibitor assays, ubiquitylation assay Journal of molecular biology High 16987528
2008 Loss of RhoBTB2 (DBC2) in primary human epithelial cells by RNA interference leads to downregulation of CXCL14 mRNA and protein secretion; reintroduction of RhoBTB2 into HNSCC cell lines lacking CXCL14 restores CXCL14 secretion, placing RhoBTB2 upstream of CXCL14 expression. RNAi knockdown, microarray expression analysis, RT-PCR, CXCL14 protein secretion measurement, RhoBTB2 re-expression Oncogene Medium 18762809
2009 CXCL14 upregulation by reactive oxygen species via the AP-1 signaling pathway promotes breast cancer cell motility by elevating cytosolic Ca2+ through binding to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) on the endoplasmic reticulum; decoy-mediated abrogation of CXCL14 suppresses motility and invasion. Microarray, gene knockdown (decoy), Ca2+ imaging, AP-1 reporter assay, invasion assay Cancer research Medium 19276362
2009 CXCL14 inhibits trophoblast invasion and migration in vitro by suppressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinase) activities, without affecting proliferation; CXCL14 binds specifically to trophoblast cells but not decidual cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Villous explant Matrigel invasion assay, transwell invasion/migration assay, gelatinase zymography, cell-specific binding assay Endocrinology Medium 19833716
2010 Loss of CXCL14 expression in prostate cancer cells is caused by CpG island hypermethylation of the CXCL14 promoter; demethylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restores CXCL14 mRNA/protein and produces functionally active DC chemoattractant in conditioned medium, confirmed by affinity chromatography depletion. MSP, bisulfite sequencing, RT-PCR, Western blot, 5-aza-dC treatment, DC chemotaxis assay, affinity chromatography depletion Cancer research High 20460540
2010 CXCL14 expression in HNSCC cells is suppressed by ROS (H2O2, hydroxyl radical) via the EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway, as shown by attenuation with NAC, EGFR inhibitors, and MEK inhibitors. ROS treatment, RT-PCR, pharmacological inhibitors (NAC, EGFR inhibitor, MEK inhibitor) Free radical research Medium 20815772
2011 In the adult mouse dentate gyrus, CXCL14 is expressed by GABAergic interneurons and inhibits GABAergic synaptic transmission (both tonic and phasic GABA) to nestin-EGFP+ neural stem/progenitor cells; CXCL14 also raises [Ca2+]i in cultured neural stem cells, indicating they express the CXCL14 receptor. CXCL12 has the opposite effect on GABA transmission at the same synapses. Immunohistochemistry, electrophysiology (whole-cell patch clamp in brain slices), Ca2+ imaging in cultured neural stem cells Journal of neurochemistry High 21955359
2013 CXCL14 specifically binds CXCR4 with high affinity and inhibits CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis of human leukemia-derived cell lines and CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells; the mechanism involves CXCR4 internalization/inactivation rather than direct competition with CXCL12 for the binding site. Radioligand binding assay, transwell chemotaxis assay, CXCR4 internalization assay, competitive binding FEBS letters High 23669361
2013 The C-terminal 51–77 amino acid residues of CXCL14 are responsible for CXCR4 binding; a disulfide dimer peptide of CXCL14(51-77) binds CXCR4 with affinity comparable to full-length CXCL14, induces CXCR4 internalization, and inhibits CXCL12-mediated signaling. Binding assay, CXCR4 internalization assay, chemotaxis inhibition, peptide mutagenesis/truncation FEBS letters Medium 24161674
2013 CXCL14 restores CXCL14 expression suppressed by HPV E7 through epigenetic (DNA hypermethylation) mechanisms; restoration of Cxcl14 in HPV+ mouse oropharyngeal cancer clears tumors in immunocompetent but not Rag1-deficient mice, and increases NK, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumor-draining lymph nodes via chemotaxis. Gene expression analysis, promoter methylation assay, syngeneic mouse tumor model, Rag1 KO mice, transwell migration assay, flow cytometry mBio High 27143385
2014 CXCL14 does not directly modulate CXCR4 signaling: in CXCR4-transfected HEK293 and Jurkat T cells, CXCL14 had no effect on CXCL12-induced CXCR4 phosphorylation, G protein-mediated Ca2+ mobilization, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, dynamic mass redistribution, or CXCR4 internalization, suggesting CXCL14–CXCL12 pathway interactions require an unidentified CXCL14 receptor. CXCR4-transfected cell assays, Ca2+ mobilization, dynamic mass redistribution, ERK phosphorylation, receptor internalization FEBS letters High 25451233
2015 IRX1 overexpression driven by promoter hypomethylation upregulates CXCL14/NF-κB signaling to promote osteosarcoma cell migration, invasion, anoikis resistance, and lung metastasis in murine models; IRX1 modulation epistasis places IRX1 upstream of CXCL14 in this pathway. MeDIP microarray, overexpression/knockdown, migration/invasion assay, anoikis assay, murine metastasis model, NF-κB reporter The Journal of clinical investigation High 25822025
2015 In CXCL14 transgenic mice, NK cell activity (depleted with anti-asialo-GM1 antibody) is required for CXCL14-mediated suppression of tumor growth and metastasis, demonstrating that CXCL14 acts through NK cells to suppress tumors in vivo. CXCL14 transgenic mice, NK cell depletion (anti-asialo-GM1 antibody), tumor xenograft and metastasis assays Scientific reports High 25765541
2016 HPV oncoprotein E7 induces CXCL14 promoter DNA hypermethylation, suppressing CXCL14 expression in HPV-positive head/neck and cervical cancers; this mechanism is E7-dependent and leads to reduced antitumor immune surveillance. Promoter methylation assay, E7 knockdown/overexpression, gene expression analysis, patient tissue specimens mBio High 27143385
2017 CXCL14 acts as a positive allosteric modulator of CXCR4: it binds CXCR4 with high affinity and induces cell-surface CXCR4 redistribution, but does not itself trigger chemotaxis, Ca2+ mobilization, ERK1/2, or Rac1 signaling in CXCR4+ cells; it synergizes with subactive concentrations of CXCL12 to produce supramaximal chemotaxis and enhances HIV-1 infection by >3-fold. Chemotaxis assay, Ca2+ mobilization, ERK/Rac1 phosphorylation, CXCR4 redistribution (confocal), HIV-1 infection assay, competitive binding FASEB journal High 28360196
2017 CXCL14 upregulates STAR expression and progesterone synthesis in human luteinized granulosa (hGL) cells via CREB phosphorylation downstream of p38 and JNK pathways; p38 and JNK inhibitors attenuate CXCL14-induced STAR expression and progesterone production. Primary hGL cell culture, CXCL14 treatment, Western blot (CREB phosphorylation, STAR), CREB inhibitor, p38/JNK inhibitors, progesterone ELISA Translational research Medium 33129993
2017 HIF-1α directly binds the CXCL14 promoter and drives hypoxia/ischemia-dependent CXCL14 expression in the brain; CXCL14 promotes adhesion, migration, and homing of circulating CD11c+ iDCs to ischemic tissue via upregulation of PrPC, PECAM-1, and MMPs; accumulated iDCs then secrete IL-2 to promote Treg differentiation and reduce infarct volume. ChIP assay (HIF-1α on CXCL14 promoter), flow cytometry, migration/adhesion assays, CXCL14 depletion/supplementation in stroke mouse model, Treg differentiation assay Theranostics Medium 28382159
2017 Cxcl14 depletion in myoblasts promotes cell cycle withdrawal in an ERK1/2-dependent manner, accelerating myogenic differentiation in vitro; in vivo, Cxcl14 knockout mice show accelerated muscle regeneration after injury, with reduced cell proliferation, and impaired regeneration in aged mice is fully restored by Cxcl14 depletion. siRNA knockdown, ERK1/2 inhibition, differentiation assays, BrdU incorporation, murine muscle injury/regeneration model NPJ Regenerative medicine Medium 28775895
2019 Fibroblast-derived CXCL14 stimulates breast cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion, and lung colonization; the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 mediates these CXCL14-stimulated responses, and downregulation of ACKR2 or CXCL14-induced NOS1 attenuates pro-EMT and migratory effects. Co-culture with CXCL14-overexpressing fibroblasts, ACKR2 loss-of-function (siRNA/shRNA), invasion/migration assays, xenograft and tail-vein metastasis models, NOS1 inhibition Clinical cancer research High 30850359
2019 CXCL14 expression restores MHC class I (MHC-I) expression on HPV-positive head and neck cancer cells downregulated by HPV; MHC-I knockdown abolishes CXCL14-mediated tumor suppression; CD8+ T cell-receptor transgenic experiments show that CXCL14-mediated antitumor CD8+ T cell responses require antigen specificity. MHC-I knockdown, CD8+ T cell depletion, TCR transgenic mouse model, tumor growth assays in immunocompetent syngeneic mice Oncogene High 31417179
2019 NMR spectroscopy and computational modeling show that CXCL14 interacts with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with distinct binding modes depending on GAG sulfation pattern (heparin, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate-A/C/D, dermatan sulfate), with specificity beyond simple electrostatic interactions. NMR spectroscopy, microscale thermophoresis, heparin affinity chromatography, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, free energy calculations Glycobiology High 31264681
2019 In the embryonic mouse brain, H2A.Z.2 in neural progenitor cells recruits G9a to the Cxcl14 promoter, promoting H3K9me2 modification to repress Cxcl14 transcription; conditional deletion of H2A.Z.2 in NPCs leads to increased Cxcl14 expression and abnormal accumulation of microglia in the ventricular zone. Conditional knockout (NPC-specific H2A.Z.2 deletion), ChIP assay (H2A.Z.2, G9a, H3K9me2 at Cxcl14 promoter), immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 31712428
2020 CXCL14 preferentially synergizes with homeostatic chemokine receptor systems (CXCR4/CXCL12, CXCR5/CXCL13, CCR7/CCL19/CCL21) but not efficiently with inflammatory chemokines (CXCR3, CCR5); CXCL14 itself does not activate any known conventional or atypical chemokine receptor in β-arrestin recruitment or chemotaxis assays; CXCL14 binds to 300-19 cells and interferes with CCL19 binding to CCR7, suggesting receptor-surface interactions underlie synergy. Chemotaxis assay, β-arrestin recruitment assay, Ca2+ flux, competitive binding (CCL19/CCR7) Frontiers in immunology High 33123134
2020 NFATc2 binds the CXCL14 promoter region (identified by ChIP-seq) in the spinal dorsal horn after paclitaxel treatment; NFATc2 interaction with p300 increases histone H4 acetylation at the CXCL14 promoter, epigenetically upregulating CXCL14 expression and contributing to mechanical allodynia; NFATc2 and CXCL14 knockdown both attenuate paclitaxel-induced pain. ChIP-seq, ChIP (NFATc2, p300, H4 acetylation), siRNA knockdown, microarray, behavioral pain testing Journal of neuroinflammation High 33070779
2020 Malignant cell-specific (not fibroblast or non-malignant cell) CXCL14 expression reduces oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor growth and increases tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes in immunocompetent mice; CXCL14 knockdown reduces TILs and increases tumor growth, while overexpression has the opposite effect; both effects are abrogated by T cell depletion. shRNA knockdown, overexpression, syngeneic immunocompetent murine model, T cell depletion, flow cytometry, scRNA-seq Journal for immunotherapy of cancer High 32958684
2021 CXCL14 directly interacts with CXCR4 on platelets (verified by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy) and mediates platelet migration via CXCR4; CXCL14-deficient platelets show reduced thrombus formation under flow that is restored by recombinant CXCL14; CXCR4-deficient murine platelets and human iPSC-derived CXCR4-KO platelets do not respond to CXCL14-mediated migration. Co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, flow chamber thrombus assay, CXCL14-KO mouse platelets, CXCR4-KO mouse/iPSC-derived platelets, migration assay Cardiovascular research High 32239134
2023 Brg1 transcriptionally activates CXCL14 expression in hepatocytes during alcoholic liver disease; Brg1 deficiency reduces CXCL14 and hepatic Ly6G+ neutrophil infiltration; CXCL14 knockdown alleviates and CXCL14 overexpression enhances ALD; pharmacological Brg1 inhibition (PFI-3) or CXCL14 receptor antagonism ameliorates ALD pathogenesis. RNA-seq, Brg1 KO/overexpression, CXCL14 KO/OE in mice, flow cytometry (neutrophils), PFI-3 pharmacological inhibition, CXCL14 receptor antagonist EMBO molecular medicine High 36722664
2023 CXCL14 promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via ACKR2; ACKR2 knockdown abolishes CXCL14-induced cancer cell motility; ACKR2 mediates CXCL14-triggered PLCβ3/PKCα/c-Src signaling, leading to NF-κB activation, EMT marker upregulation, and lung metastasis in an orthotopic model. ACKR2 siRNA knockdown, migration/wound healing assays, luciferase NF-κB reporter, Western blot (PLCβ3, PKCα, c-Src, EMT markers), orthotopic lung cancer model International journal of biological sciences Medium 37056937
2023 In chronic myeloid leukemia, restoration of CXCL14 (lost from the BM niche) inhibits CML leukemia-initiating stem cell (LSC) maintenance and sensitizes LSCs to imatinib in vitro; in vivo, CXCL14 dramatically inhibits CML engraftment in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) NSG-SGM3 mice; mechanistically, CXCL14 upregulates inflammatory cytokine signaling but downregulates mTOR signaling and oxidative phosphorylation in CML LSCs. Long-term culture initiating cell assay, RNA-seq, CXCL14 treatment in vitro, PDX mouse model, pathway analysis (mTOR, oxidative phosphorylation) Blood Medium 37018663
2024 CXCL14 binds to integrin α11β1 on fibroblasts, activating actomyosin contractility and matrix remodeling; CXCL14-stimulated fibroblasts produce TGFβ, which increases osteosarcoma invasion and migration; anti-CXCL14/integrin α11β1 antibodies inhibit fibroblast TGFβ production, enhance CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity, and suppress osteosarcoma lung metastasis. scRNA-seq, Co-IP/binding assay (CXCL14–integrin α11β1), actomyosin contractility assay, TGFβ ELISA, CD8+ T cell assay, anti-CXCL14/integrin mAb in vivo, metastasis model Cancer research High 38295227
2024 CXCL14 is a potent and selective activator of the orphan GPCR MRGPRX2 (and mouse ortholog MRGPRB2); activation involves G protein-dependent signaling and β-arrestin recruitment; C-terminal domain sequences of CXCL14 (4–11 amino acids) have similar or greater potency than the full 77-amino acid protein at MRGPRX2, as established by mutagenesis and computational docking. GPCR panel screening (G protein signaling, β-arrestin recruitment assays), MRGPRX2/B2 antagonist inhibition, truncation/mutagenesis of CXCL14, computational docking Communications biology High 38184723
2024 p21+ perinecrotic hepatocytes secrete CXCL14 after severe APAP overdose; CXCL14-neutralizing antibody treatment greatly enhances liver recovery and reduces acute liver failure, while targeting p21+ senescent hepatocytes with senolytics (dasatinib/quercetin) has no effect, establishing CXCL14 secretion (not cellular senescence per se) as the critical pathogenic mechanism. Single-nuclei RNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, CXCL14 neutralizing antibody, senolytic treatment, liver injury biochemical markers, mouse APAP overdose model Toxicology High 38614205

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2004 BRAK/CXCL14 is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and a chemotactic factor for immature dendritic cells. Cancer research 199 15548693
2016 CXCL14 as an emerging immune and inflammatory modulator. Journal of inflammation (London, England) 182 26733763
2001 Monocyte selectivity and tissue localization suggests a role for breast and kidney-expressed chemokine (BRAK) in macrophage development. The Journal of experimental medicine 173 11561000
2005 Loss of new chemokine CXCL14 in tumor tissue is associated with low infiltration by dendritic cells (DC), while restoration of human CXCL14 expression in tumor cells causes attraction of DC both in vitro and in vivo. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 171 15843547
1999 Cloning of BRAK, a novel divergent CXC chemokine preferentially expressed in normal versus malignant cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 163 10049774
2009 Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species imbalance promote breast cancer cell motility through a CXCL14-mediated mechanism. Cancer research 151 19276362
2000 In vivo expression of the novel CXC chemokine BRAK in normal and cancerous human tissue. The American journal of pathology 146 10854217
2005 Cutaneous CXCL14 targets blood precursors to epidermal niches for Langerhans cell differentiation. Immunity 116 16169505
2006 The chemokine CXCL14 (BRAK) stimulates activated NK cell migration: implications for the downregulation of CXCL14 in malignancy. Experimental hematology 112 16863917
2015 IRX1 hypomethylation promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via induction of CXCL14/NF-κB signaling. The Journal of clinical investigation 107 25822025
2019 A Novel ACKR2-Dependent Role of Fibroblast-Derived CXCL14 in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 97 30850359
2016 Suppression of Antitumor Immune Responses by Human Papillomavirus through Epigenetic Downregulation of CXCL14. mBio 95 27143385
2010 Re-expression of CXCL14, a common target for epigenetic silencing in lung cancer, induces tumor necrosis. Oncogene 95 20562917
2005 Modulation of CXCL14 (BRAK) expression in prostate cancer. The Prostate 89 15651028
2007 CXCL14 expression and potential function in pancreatic cancer. Cancer letters 87 18054154
2008 Epithelial and stromal cathepsin K and CXCL14 expression in breast tumor progression. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 79 18765527
2013 CXCL14 is a natural inhibitor of the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis. FEBS letters 77 23669361
2020 The multifarious roles of the chemokine CXCL14 in cancer progression and immune responses. Molecular carcinogenesis 76 32212206
2014 A systems genetics approach identifies CXCL14, ITGAX, and LPCAT2 as novel aggressive prostate cancer susceptibility genes. PLoS genetics 70 25411967
2015 CXCL14 and MCP1 are potent trophic factors associated with cell migration and angiogenesis leading to higher regenerative potential of dental pulp side population cells. Stem cell research & therapy 67 26021377
2012 Pleiotropic functions of the CXC-type chemokine CXCL14 in mammals. Journal of biochemistry 66 22437940
2017 Epithelial chemokine CXCL14 synergizes with CXCL12 via allosteric modulation of CXCR4. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 64 28360196
2016 Expression of the chemokine CXCL14 in the tumour stroma is an independent marker of survival in breast cancer. British journal of cancer 64 27115465
2006 BRAK/CXCL14 expression suppresses tumor growth in vivo in human oral carcinoma cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 62 16884687
2021 Chemokine CXCL14; a double-edged sword in cancer development. International immunopharmacology 59 33932697
2006 Murine CXCL14 is dispensable for dendritic cell function and localization within peripheral tissues. Molecular and cellular biology 59 17130243
2021 Integrative analyses of scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq reveal CXCL14 as a key regulator of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Human molecular genetics 55 33564857
2008 Constitutive expression of CXCL14 in healthy human and murine epithelial tissues. Cytokine 54 18809336
2012 Expression of CXCL14 and its anticancer role in breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment 52 22910931
2018 Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of chemokine CXCL14-derived antimicrobial peptide and its analogs. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes 48 29959905
2017 A Crucial Role of CXCL14 for Promoting Regulatory T Cells Activation in Stroke. Theranostics 47 28382159
2020 Malignant cell-specific CXCL14 promotes tumor lymphocyte infiltration in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 45 32958684
2019 CXCL14 suppresses human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancer through antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses by upregulating MHC-I expression. Oncogene 45 31417179
2017 CXCL14 is a candidate biomarker for Hedgehog signalling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 45 28250200
2013 Epigenetic silencing of CXCL14 induced colorectal cancer migration and invasion. Discovery medicine 44 24099668
2010 Epigenetic mechanisms of promigratory chemokine CXCL14 regulation in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer research 44 20460540
2021 The chemokine CXCL14 mediates platelet function and migration via direct interaction with CXCR4. Cardiovascular research 41 32239134
2022 Exosomal CXCL14 Contributes to M2 Macrophage Polarization through NF-κB Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 40 35669852
2009 The cytokine gene CXCL14 restricts human trophoblast cell invasion by suppressing gelatinase activity. Endocrinology 40 19833716
2014 CXCL14 antagonizes the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis. Biomolecular concepts 39 25372750
2022 CXCL14 Promotes a Robust Brain Tumor-Associated Immune Response in Glioma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 38 35511927
2011 The chemokine BRAK/CXCL14 regulates synaptic transmission in the adult mouse dentate gyrus stem cell niche. Journal of neurochemistry 38 21955359
2015 Suppressed rate of carcinogenesis and decreases in tumour volume and lung metastasis in CXCL14/BRAK transgenic mice. Scientific reports 37 25765541
2008 The atypical Rho GTPase RhoBTB2 is required for expression of the chemokine CXCL14 in normal and cancerous epithelial cells. Oncogene 37 18762809
2023 Targetable Brg1-CXCL14 axis contributes to alcoholic liver injury by driving neutrophil trafficking. EMBO molecular medicine 33 36722664
2007 CXCL14 enhances insulin-dependent glucose uptake in adipocytes and is related to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 33 17971304
2014 CXCL14 is no direct modulator of CXCR4. FEBS letters 32 25451233
2013 Smoking-induced CXCL14 expression in the human airway epithelium links chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to lung cancer. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 32 23597004
2024 Osteosarcoma Cells Secrete CXCL14 That Activates Integrin α11β1 on Fibroblasts to Form a Lung Metastatic Niche. Cancer research 31 38295227
2006 Structural determinants involved in the regulation of CXCL14/BRAK expression by the 26 S proteasome. Journal of molecular biology 31 16987528
2020 CXCL14 Preferentially Synergizes With Homeostatic Chemokine Receptor Systems. Frontiers in immunology 30 33123134
2020 circEYA1 Functions as a Sponge of miR-582-3p to Suppress Cervical Adenocarcinoma Tumorigenesis via Upregulating CXCL14. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 30 33312754
2023 CXCL14 promotes metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer through ACKR2-depended signaling pathway. International journal of biological sciences 29 37056937
2023 Fibroblast-derived CXCL14 aggravates crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by mediating polarization and recruitment of interstitial macrophages. Journal of hazardous materials 29 37688871
2014 Expression and effect of CXCL14 in colorectal carcinoma. Molecular medicine reports 28 24938992
2019 NMR and molecular modeling reveal specificity of the interactions between CXCL14 and glycosaminoglycans. Glycobiology 27 31264681
2015 CXCL14, CXCR7 expression and CXCR4 splice variant ratio associate with survival and metastases in Ewing sarcoma patients. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 27 26428435
2009 CXCL14 and insulin action. Vitamins and hormones 27 19251036
2021 The chemokine CXCL14 is negatively associated with obesity and concomitant type-2 diabetes in humans. International journal of obesity (2005) 26 33414488
2019 Reduction in Human Epidermal Langerhans Cells with Age Is Associated with Decline in CXCL14-Mediated Recruitment of CD14+ Monocytes. The Journal of investigative dermatology 26 31881212
2020 Reduced circulating levels of chemokine CXCL14 in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: normalization after insulin sensitization. BMJ open diabetes research & care 25 32107266
2020 Novel role of CXCL14 in modulating STAR expression in luteinized granulosa cells: implication for progesterone synthesis in PCOS patients. Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 25 33129993
2019 The Expression of the Chemokine CXCL14 Correlates with Several Aggressive Aspects of Glioblastoma and Promotes Key Properties of Glioblastoma Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 25 31117166
2017 Cxcl14 depletion accelerates skeletal myogenesis by promoting cell cycle withdrawal. NPJ Regenerative medicine 25 28775895
2011 Neutralization of chemokine CXCL14 (BRAK) expression reduces CCl4 induced liver injury and steatosis in mice. European journal of pharmacology 25 21978833
2009 BRAK/CXCL14 expression in oral carcinoma cells completely suppresses tumor cell xenografts in SCID mouse. Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan) 25 19887729
2010 Immunohistochemical localization of chemokine CXCL14 in rat hypothalamic neurons. Neuroscience letters 24 20974226
2015 Elevated S100A6 (Calcyclin) enhances tumorigenesis and suppresses CXCL14-induced apoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 23 25760073
2010 Chemokine CXCL14/BRAK transgenic mice suppress growth of carcinoma cell transplants. [corrected]. Transgenic research 23 20333465
2009 Developmental expression and regulation of the chemokine CXCL14 in Xenopus. The International journal of developmental biology 23 19488965
2013 Dimeric peptides of the C-terminal region of CXCL14 function as CXCL12 inhibitors. FEBS letters 22 24161674
2010 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduce the expression of BRAK/CXCL14 in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Free radical research 22 20815772
2023 Secreted proteins MDK, WFDC2, and CXCL14 as candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. BMC cancer 21 36721112
2020 NFATc2-dependent epigenetic upregulation of CXCL14 is involved in the development of neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel. Journal of neuroinflammation 21 33070779
2010 Comparative expression pattern analysis of the highly conserved chemokines SDF1 and CXCL14 during amniote embryonic development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 21 21038449
2018 Serum CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, and CXCL14 chemokine patterns in patients with acute liver injury. Cytokine 20 29880273
2017 Platelets as a Novel Source of Pro-Inflammatory Chemokine CXCL14. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 20 28359053
2014 Involvement of CXCL14 in osteolytic bone metastasis from lung cancer. International journal of oncology 20 24534874
2023 Geniposide ameliorates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via perivascular adipocyte-derived CXCL14. Journal of ethnopharmacology 19 37149071
2020 High expression of CXCL14 is a biomarker of lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary pattern. Cancer science 19 32403160
2019 Neural progenitor cells mediated by H2A.Z.2 regulate microglial development via Cxcl14 in the embryonic brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19 31712428
2018 miR-17-5p-CXCL14 axis related transcriptome profile and clinical outcome in diffuse gliomas. Oncoimmunology 19 30524906
2013 Expression of CXCL12 and CXCL14 during eye development in chick and mouse. Gene expression patterns : GEP 19 23727298
2016 Expression of the chemokine CXCL14 and cetuximab-dependent tumour suppression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogenesis 18 27399917
2013 CXCL14 enhances proliferation and migration of NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells overexpressing the glycoproteins containing heparan sulfate or sialic acid. Journal of cellular biochemistry 18 23161284
2024 The p21+ perinecrotic hepatocytes produce the chemokine CXCL14 after a severe acetaminophen overdose promoting hepatocyte injury and delaying regeneration. Toxicology 17 38614205
2021 Aberrant ROS Mediate Cell Cycle and Motility in Colorectal Cancer Cells Through an Oncogenic CXCL14 Signaling Pathway. Frontiers in pharmacology 17 34744744
2020 CXCL14 Overexpression Attenuates Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Proinflammatory Cytokine Production. Mediators of inflammation 17 32317861
2024 Proinflammatory chemokine CXCL14 activates MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor MRGPRX2 and its putative mouse ortholog MRGPRB2. Communications biology 16 38184723
2023 Characterization of the bone marrow niche in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia identifies CXCL14 as a new therapeutic option. Blood 16 37018663
2010 Expression of a chemokine BRAK/CXCL14 in oral floor carcinoma cells reduces the settlement rate of the cells and suppresses their proliferation in vivo. Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan) 16 20622470
2022 CXCL14 Protects against Polymicrobial Sepsis by Enhancing Antibacterial Functions of Macrophages. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 15 35926119
2019 Suppressed Expression of CXCL14 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues and Its Reduction in the Advanced Stage of Chronic HBV Infection. Cancer management and research 15 31849533
2017 CXCL14-CXCR4 and CXCL12-CXCR4 Axes May Play Important Roles in the Unique Invasion Process of Endometrioid Carcinoma With MELF-Pattern Myoinvasion. International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists 15 28277316
2011 CXCL14 expression during chick embryonic development. The International journal of developmental biology 15 21710440
2025 Dimethyl Itaconate Alleviates Escherichia coli-Induced Endometritis Through the Guanosine-CXCL14 Axis via Increasing the Abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 14 40227949
2020 A lncRNA Gpr137b-ps/miR-200a-3p/CXCL14 axis modulates hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Toxicology letters 14 33069761
2019 IRX1 hypermethylation promotes heart failure by inhibiting CXCL14 expression. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 14 31640472
2017 Knockdown of CXCL14 disrupts neurovascular patterning during ocular development. Developmental biology 14 28095300
2013 Genetic deletion of Cxcl14 in mice alters uterine NK cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 14 23688424