Affinage

CXCL10

C-X-C motif chemokine 10 · UniProt P02778

Round 2 corrected
Length
98 aa
Mass
10.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 41 papers cited in narrative 41 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CXCL10 (IP-10) is an interferon-inducible CXC chemokine that functions as a central mediator of Th1-type immune responses, angiostasis, and tissue remodeling by signaling primarily through CXCR3 on activated T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and other CXCR3-expressing cell types, while also acting as a natural antagonist of the Th2-associated receptor CCR3 (PMID:9060447, PMID:11110785, PMID:16337473). Oligomerization is required for glycosaminoglycan-dependent endothelial presentation and in vivo T-cell recruitment, whereas CXCL10's angiostatic activity on endothelial cells is mediated through the CXCR3-B splice variant and, independently, through glycosaminoglycan binding (PMID:17082614, PMID:12782716, PMID:20856926). Transcriptional induction proceeds via parallel TLR3/RIG-I or TLR4/TRIF pathways converging on NF-κB and IRF3, while epigenetic silencing involves cooperative EZH2/G9a-mediated histone methylation and HDAC-dependent deacetylation at the CXCL10 promoter; post-translationally, N-terminal truncation by CD26/DPPIV and C-terminal cleavage by the Leishmania protease GP63 abrogate CXCR3 signaling (PMID:25342131, PMID:15315758, PMID:29053336, PMID:11390394, PMID:31440475). Beyond canonical chemotaxis, CXCL10 drives macrophage-dependent plasma cell differentiation, promotes osteoclastogenesis, amplifies neutrophil oxidative burst in an autocrine CXCR3 loop during ARDS, inhibits fibroblast migration to limit pulmonary fibrosis, and is released in MLK3-dependent extracellular vesicles from lipotoxic hepatocytes to recruit macrophages (PMID:22987802, PMID:22562465, PMID:23144331, PMID:15205180, PMID:26406121).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1985 High

    The discovery of IP-10 as an IFN-γ-inducible early-response gene established CXCL10 as a primary interferon effector and placed it within the CXC chemokine family, providing the molecular identity needed for all subsequent functional studies.

    Evidence Molecular cloning, Northern blot, and nuclear run-on assay in IFN-γ-treated cells

    PMID:3925348

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor unknown at this point
    • No functional role defined beyond inducibility
    • Protein structure not determined
  2. 1997 High

    Identification of CXCR3 as the shared receptor for CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 resolved the receptor-specificity question and explained the selective chemotaxis for activated (but not resting) T cells.

    Evidence Recombinant protein chemotaxis assays, desensitization experiments, and receptor-sharing functional studies

    PMID:9060447

    Open questions at the time
    • CXCR3 splice variants not yet recognized
    • Downstream signaling pathways uncharacterized
    • In vivo relevance of receptor specificity not demonstrated
  3. 2000 High

    Demonstrating that CXCL10 acts as a pure antagonist of the Th2 receptor CCR3 without inducing internalization revealed a dual mechanism—agonism at CXCR3 and antagonism at CCR3—that positions CXCL10 as a regulator of Th1/Th2 balance beyond simple chemotaxis.

    Evidence Radioligand competition binding, chemotaxis, Ca²⁺ mobilization, and receptor internalization assays

    PMID:11110785

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological significance of CCR3 antagonism in vivo not established
    • Structural basis for dual receptor interaction unknown
  4. 2003 High

    Discovery of the CXCR3-B splice variant as the receptor mediating CXCL10's angiostatic activity resolved the apparent paradox of how the same chemokine promotes T-cell chemotaxis via CXCR3-A yet inhibits endothelial cell growth via distinct signaling.

    Evidence Receptor reconstitution with CXCR3-A vs CXCR3-B transfection, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis assays

    PMID:12782716

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of CXCR3-B vs GAG binding to angiostasis not resolved
    • CXCR3-B downstream signaling not fully mapped
  5. 2004 High

    Systematic CXCR3 domain mutagenesis and the demonstration that κB site sequence determines NF-κB cofactor specificity at the CXCL10 promoter defined the receptor-proximal and transcriptional regulatory logic governing CXCL10 signaling and expression.

    Evidence CXCR3 domain deletion/mutation analysis with β-arrestin dominant-negative; κB site swapping experiments

    PMID:15150261 PMID:15315758

    Open questions at the time
    • Full signal transduction cascade from CXCR3 to effector functions not mapped
    • Chromatin-level regulation not yet addressed
  6. 2006 High

    Proving that CXCL10 oligomerization is required for endothelial presentation and in vivo T-cell recruitment—despite a monomeric mutant retaining in vitro chemotactic activity—established that quaternary structure gates physiological function.

    Evidence Monomeric CXCL10 mutant tested in vitro chemotaxis, intratracheal mouse instillation, and transendothelial migration assays

    PMID:17082614

    Open questions at the time
    • Oligomer stoichiometry required in vivo not defined
    • Relationship between oligomerization and GAG binding not fully disentangled
  7. 2008 High

    The crystal structure of mouse CXCL10 revealing a novel tetramer with heparin-binding sites at dimer interfaces provided the first atomic framework for understanding oligomer-dependent GAG presentation.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography with surface mapping of heparin- and receptor-binding residues

    PMID:18560148

    Open questions at the time
    • Human CXCL10 structure in complex with CXCR3 not available
    • Higher-order oligomers on GAG surfaces not structurally resolved
  8. 2009 Medium

    Identification of TLR4 as an alternative CXCL10 receptor on pancreatic β-cells that switches Akt signaling from proliferative to apoptotic expanded the receptor repertoire beyond CXCR3 and revealed context-dependent signaling outcomes.

    Evidence Recombinant CXCL10 treatment of human islets, TLR4 identification, Akt/JNK/PAK-2 phosphorylation and apoptosis assays

    PMID:19187771

    Open questions at the time
    • TLR4 as a direct CXCL10 receptor awaits independent replication
    • Structural basis for CXCL10–TLR4 binding unknown
    • Relative contribution of TLR4 vs CXCR3 on β-cells not quantified
  9. 2010 High

    Demonstrating that CXCL10's antiproliferative effect on endothelial cells is CXCR3-independent and correlates with GAG-binding affinity, together with the discovery that cooperative EZH2/G9a histone methylation and HDAC-dependent deacetylation silence CXCL10 in fibrotic lung fibroblasts, defined both receptor-independent functional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms.

    Evidence CXCR3 KO endothelial cells plus mutant panel; ChIP with HDAC/G9a inhibitor rescue in IPF fibroblasts

    PMID:20404089 PMID:20856926

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the GAG-dependent receptor or mechanism on endothelial cells not determined
    • In vivo relevance of epigenetic silencing for fibrosis progression not causally tested
  10. 2012 High

    Three studies collectively broadened CXCL10's effector biology: it drives macrophage-dependent B-cell-to-plasma-cell differentiation through a CXCL10–IL-6–STAT3 feedforward loop, promotes osteoclastogenesis in bone metastasis, and amplifies ARDS through an autocrine CXCR3 loop on neutrophils—demonstrating roles far beyond T-cell chemotaxis.

    Evidence Macrophage/B-cell co-culture with CXCL10 neutralization and IP-10 KO mice; CXCR3 KO mice in bone metastasis model; CXCL10/CXCR3/TRIF KO mice in acid aspiration and influenza ARDS models

    PMID:22562465 PMID:22987802 PMID:23144331

    Open questions at the time
    • CXCL10's role in plasma cell differentiation in non-immunization settings not tested
    • Autocrine neutrophil loop specificity vs other CXCR3 ligands not fully delineated
  11. 2015 High

    Discovery that lipotoxic hepatocytes release CXCL10 in MLK3-dependent extracellular vesicles that recruit macrophages revealed a vesicular delivery mode for this chemokine, distinct from conventional secretion.

    Evidence EV isolation, GFP-CXCL10/RFP-CD63 colocalization, MLK3 KO mice, macrophage chemotaxis assay with CXCL10-neutralizing antisera

    PMID:26406121

    Open questions at the time
    • Proportion of CXCL10 delivered via EVs vs soluble secretion in vivo unknown
    • EV-CXCL10 receptor engagement mechanism on macrophages not defined
  12. 2018 High

    Demonstrating that EZH2 and G9a physically interact and reciprocally depend on each other to co-silence CXCL10 via H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 under TGF-β1 defined the full epigenetic repression complex and its upstream signal.

    Evidence Re-ChIP, proximity ligation assay, reciprocal siRNA knockdown, EZH2/G9a inhibitors in primary IPF fibroblasts

    PMID:29053336

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this EZH2/G9a complex is recruited by specific DNA-binding factors remains unknown
    • Generalizability beyond fibroblasts not established
  13. 2019 High

    Identification of Leishmania GP63 as a specific C-terminal protease that cleaves CXCL10 after A81 to abolish CXCR3 signaling established pathogen-mediated inactivation as a immune evasion strategy, complementing the known N-terminal truncation by CD26/DPPIV.

    Evidence Recombinant GP63 cleavage, mass spectrometry site mapping, chemokine specificity panel, CXCR3 chemotaxis assay

    PMID:31440475

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo contribution of GP63-mediated CXCL10 cleavage to Leishmania pathogenesis not quantified
    • Whether host proteases cleave at the same C-terminal site is unknown
  14. 2021 High

    Demonstrating that Plasmodium falciparum suppresses CXCL10 translation through RNA cargo-triggered RIG-I/HuR binding to the CXCL10 3′UTR AU-rich element revealed a post-transcriptional immune evasion mechanism distinct from transcriptional or proteolytic regulation.

    Evidence Ribosome profiling, RIP assay for HuR–CXCL10 3′UTR binding, RIG-I pathway dissection

    PMID:34381047

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the RNA cargo species from P. falciparum not defined
    • Whether HuR-mediated translational suppression extends to other CXCR3 ligands not tested
  15. 2022 High

    Linking MEK inhibitor/chemotherapy-induced CXCL10 secretion to optineurin-dependent mitophagy, mitochondrial DNA release, and TLR9 signaling established an entirely new induction pathway originating from mitochondrial stress rather than canonical interferon signaling.

    Evidence OPTN KO, TLR9 inhibition, mitophagy inhibitors, mitochondrial DNA depletion, in vivo lung tumor models

    PMID:35051357

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this pathway operates in non-cancer cell types unknown
    • Relative contribution of mitophagy-derived vs IFN-driven CXCL10 in tumors not quantified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Major unresolved questions include the identity of the receptor mediating CXCR3-independent angiostatic signaling via GAG binding, the structural basis of CXCL10–CXCR3 and CXCL10–TLR4 interactions, and whether EV-packaged CXCL10 engages receptors differently from the soluble form.
  • No co-crystal structure of CXCL10 with any receptor
  • GAG-dependent antiproliferative receptor on endothelial cells unidentified
  • In vivo quantitative partitioning between EV-bound and soluble CXCL10 unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 9 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 5 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 8 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 1
Partners
CCR3CXCR3DPP4EZH2G9AHURMLK3TLR4

Evidence

Reading pass · 41 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1985 CXCL10 (IP-10) was identified as an IFN-γ-inducible early-response gene encoding a protein with homology to platelet factor-4 and β-thromboglobulin (CXC chemokine family); its mRNA is induced within 30 min of IFN-γ treatment with >30-fold accumulation, and increased transcription contributes to this accumulation. Molecular cloning, Northern blot, nuclear run-on transcription assay Nature High 3925348
1990 CRG-2, the mouse homologue of human IP-10/CXCL10, encodes a 98-amino-acid secreted protein (21-residue signal peptide) of the PF4 family; its mRNA is induced by IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ as well as LPS, peaks at 3–6 h after IFN-γ, and accumulation is not blocked by cycloheximide (primary response gene). cDNA library screening, differential hybridization, Northern blot, cycloheximide experiments, 5′-flanking region isolation The Journal of biological chemistry High 2118520
1995 CXCL10 (IP-10) is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo; it profoundly inhibited bFGF-induced neovascularization in a Matrigel model and suppressed endothelial cell differentiation into tubular capillary structures in vitro, without affecting endothelial cell growth, attachment, or migration. In vivo Matrigel plug assay (athymic mice), in vitro tube formation assay, endothelial cell growth/attachment/migration assays The Journal of experimental medicine High 7540647
1997 CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL9 (Mig) share the receptor CXCR3; both chemokines are chemotactic specifically for activated (but not resting) T cells, show reciprocal desensitization on activated T cells, inhibit neovascularization, inhibit hematopoietic progenitor cells, and have anti-tumor effects, but lack neutrophil chemotactic activity. Recombinant protein chemotaxis assays, desensitization assays, receptor-sharing functional studies Journal of leukocyte biology High 9060447
1999 CXCL10 receptor CXCR3 is expressed by human mesangial cells; CXCL10 binding to CXCR3 on mesangial cells induces intracellular Ca²⁺ influx and directly stimulates mesangial cell proliferation. Flow cytometry, intracellular Ca²⁺ measurement, cell proliferation assay Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Medium 10589690
1999 Murine Crg-2 (mouse IP-10/CXCL10) expressed via recombinant vaccinia virus enhances NK cell cytolytic activity, increases mononuclear cell infiltration in liver, and is required along with IFN-α/β and IFN-γ for controlling viral replication in athymic nude mice, establishing an antiviral role in vivo. Recombinant vaccinia virus expression, in vivo viral challenge model, NK cell depletion with neutralizing antibodies, cytolytic activity assays Journal of virology Medium 9882354
2000 CXCL10 (IP-10), together with CXCL9 and CXCL11, acts as a natural antagonist for the Th2 chemokine receptor CCR3; it competes for eotaxin binding to CCR3-expressing cells and inhibits CCR3-mediated migration and Ca²⁺ signaling without inducing CCR3 internalization (pure antagonist). Radioligand competition binding assay, chemotaxis assay, Ca²⁺ mobilization assay, receptor internalization assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 11110785
2001 CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV cleaves CXCL10 (and CXCL9, CXCL11, CXCL12, CCL22) with striking selectivity; kinetic analysis shows CXCL10 is a substrate for N-terminal truncation by CD26/DPPIV, a mechanism that modulates chemokine activity in vivo. Steady-state kinetics (Km, kcat), mass spectrometry-based truncation analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 11390394
2001 CXCL10 (IP-10) has a hepatoprotective/regenerative effect during acute liver injury; its therapeutic effect is mediated through upregulation of CXCR2 on hepatocytes, with CXCR2 neutralization abrogating the effect. CXCL10 treatment of cultured hepatocytes stimulates a CXCR2-dependent proliferative response. Mouse APAP-injury model, rIP-10 administration, CXCR2 neutralizing antibody, hepatocyte proliferation assay in vitro Journal of immunology Medium 11739529
2002 CXCL10 is constitutively expressed in basal colonic crypts and upregulated during colitis; recombinant CXCL10 administration inhibits intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, while CXCL10 neutralization promotes crypt cell survival and protects from epithelial ulceration independent of altered immune cell infiltration. DSS colitis mouse model, anti-CXCL10 neutralizing antibody, recombinant CXCL10 administration, histology European journal of immunology Medium 12555665
2003 CXCL10 is induced in CMV-infected primary microglia through p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation (not requiring secondary protein synthesis); IL-10 suppresses CMV-induced CXCL10 by decreasing NF-κB activation (not p38 phosphorylation); viral cmvIL-10 (UL111a, spliced form) from CMV-infected astrocytes inhibits microglial CXCL10 production through the IL-10 receptor. Primary microglia infection, p38 inhibitor, cycloheximide treatment, NF-κB reporter assay, conditioned medium experiments, IL-10R blockade Journal of virology Medium 12663757
2003 An alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3, termed CXCR3-B, mediates the angiostatic activity of CXCL10 (as well as CXCL9 and CXCL11) on endothelial cells; CXCR3-B overexpression dramatically reduces DNA synthesis and upregulates apoptosis via distinct signal transduction pathways from CXCR3-A, and also acts as functional receptor for CXCL4/PF4. Alternative splicing identification, receptor transfection (CXCR3-A vs CXCR3-B), binding assays, DNA synthesis assay, apoptosis assay, signal transduction analysis, immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue The Journal of experimental medicine High 12782716
2004 CXCR3 intracellular domains differentially mediate CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 signaling: the carboxyl-terminal domain and β-arrestin1 are predominantly required for CXCL9- and CXCL10-induced internalization, while the third intracellular loop is predominantly required by CXCL11; chemotaxis and Ca²⁺ mobilization by all three ligands require both the CXCR3 C-terminus and the DRY sequence in TM3. Domain deletion/mutation analysis, β-arrestin1 dominant-negative, internalization assay, Ca²⁺ mobilization, chemotaxis assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 15150261
2004 EGFR-activated signaling (via NADPH oxidase/metalloproteinase pathway) during respiratory virus infection suppresses IRF1-dependent CXCL10 production in airway epithelial cells; EGFR inhibition augments IRF1 and CXCL10 levels, while EGFR activation suppresses them. Influenza/rhinovirus/RSV infection of airway epithelial cells, EGFR inhibitors, IRF1 knockdown, CXCL10 ELISA and qPCR American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology Medium 24838750
2004 NF-κB κB site sequence determines cofactor specificity; for CXCL10 and other genes with two κB sites, both sites are required for activity, and the sequence of each κB site determines which coactivators productively interact with the bound NF-κB dimer rather than simply which dimer binds. Lentivirus-based κB site implantation, κB site swapping between genes, NF-κB dimer specificity assays Cell High 15315758
2004 IP-10/CXCL10 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast migration (chemoattractant activity) but not fibroblast proliferation; IP-10-deficient mice show dramatically increased fibroblast accumulation and fibrosis after bleomycin, while IP-10-overexpressing transgenic mice are protected. IP-10 knockout mice, IP-10 transgenic overexpression mice, bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis model, fibroblast chemotaxis/proliferation assays in vitro American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 15205180
2005 CXCL10 via CXCR3 upregulates IFN-γ and T-bet expression while downregulating IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and GATA-3 in CD4+ T cells, promoting Th1 differentiation; these effects are mediated through distinct signal transduction pathways compared with CXCL4/CXCR3-B, which has opposite effects promoting Th2 cytokines. Antigen-specific human CD4+ T-cell lines, anti-CXCR3 neutralizing antibody, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, ELISA, IL-5/IL-13 promoter activation assay The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Medium 16337473
2005 CXCL10 produced preferentially by asthmatic airway smooth muscle mediates migration of human lung mast cells to airway smooth muscle predominantly through CXCR3 activation; CXCR3 is expressed on 100% of mast cells within the airway smooth muscle bundle in asthma. Immunohistochemistry of bronchial biopsies, ex vivo airway smooth muscle supernatants, mast cell chemotaxis assay, ELISA American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Medium 15879427
2006 Oligomerization of CXCL10 is required for its presentation on endothelial cells and for in vivo T cell recruitment; a monomeric CXCL10 mutant retains in vitro chemotaxis activity but fails to recruit CD8+ T cells into mouse airways after intratracheal instillation and cannot bind to or enable transendothelial chemotaxis on endothelial cells, independent of reduced CXCR3 or heparin binding. Monomeric CXCL10 mutant, in vitro chemotaxis assay, intratracheal instillation in mice, molecular imaging, endothelial cell binding assay, transendothelial migration assay Journal of immunology High 17082614
2008 Crystal structure of mouse IP-10/CXCL10 reveals a novel tetrameric association where two conventional CXC dimers associate through N-terminal regions forming a 12-stranded elongated β-sheet (~90 Å); two heparin-binding sites are located at the interface of each β-sheet dimer; this tetramer structure differs from previously described IP-10, PF4 and NAP-2 tetramers and supports higher-order oligomer formation. X-ray crystallography, surface mapping of heparin- and receptor-binding residues Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography High 18560148
2009 CXCL10 signals through TLR4 (not solely CXCR3) on pancreatic β-cells to decrease viability and impair insulin secretion; CXCL10 induces sustained activation of Akt, JNK, and cleavage of PAK-2, switching Akt signaling from proliferation to apoptosis. Human islet treatment with recombinant CXCL10, TLR4 identification as receptor, Akt/JNK/PAK-2 phosphorylation assays, apoptosis assay, insulin secretion measurement Cell metabolism Medium 19187771
2010 CXCL10 inhibits endothelial cell proliferation through a CXCR3-independent mechanism; this inhibitory activity correlates with CXCL10's glycosaminoglycan (heparin) binding affinity rather than CXCR3 binding/signaling, as demonstrated using CXCL10 mutant panel analysis and CXCR3-deficient mouse endothelial cells. CXCR3 knockout mouse endothelial cells, CXCR3 neutralizing antibodies, CXCL10 mutant panel, FACS for CXCR3 expression, proliferation assay PloS one High 20856926
2010 CXCL10 repression in IPF lung fibroblasts involves histone deacetylation combined with histone H3 hypermethylation (via G9a/H3K9me3 and SUV39H1); this reduces transcription factor binding to the IP-10 promoter; HDAC or G9a inhibitors reverse both modifications and restore CXCL10 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), HDAC and G9a inhibitors, nuclear run-on, promoter transcription factor binding assays in IPF patient fibroblasts Molecular and cellular biology High 20404089
2011 CXCL10 acting via CXCR3 promotes synovial fibroblast invasion through MMP-1 production, intracellular calcium influx, and actin cytoskeleton reorganization with lamellipodia formation; CXCR3 blockade reduces invasiveness by up to 77% in arthritic rat FLS and 58% in RA patient FLS. Matrigel invasion assay, anti-CXCR3 antibody, CXCR3 inhibitor AMG487, MMP ELISA, intracellular calcium assay, actin cytoskeleton imaging in primary FLS Arthritis and rheumatism Medium 21811993
2012 CXCL10 mediates macrophage differentiation of activated B cells into plasma cells through a novel dialog: macrophage-derived CXCL10 (induced by B cell-derived IL-6 via STAT3 phosphorylation) drives B cell differentiation into CD138+CD38++ plasma cells, and CXCL10 amplifies IL-6 production by B cells sustaining the STAT3-mediated differentiation signal; IP-10-deficient mice show reduced NP-specific plasma cells. Human tonsil macrophage isolation, monocyte-derived macrophage co-culture with B cells, CXCL10 neutralization, STAT3 inhibition, IP-10-deficient mouse immunization model The Journal of experimental medicine High 22987802
2012 CXCL10 promotes osteolytic bone metastasis by facilitating CXCR3-expressing cancer cell recruitment to bone, promoting cancer cell adhesion to type I collagen, and augmenting RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation; cancer-bone colonization further amplifies host CXCL10 production via direct cancer cell–macrophage contact. Neutralizing CXCL10 antibody, CXCR3 knockout mice, in vivo bone metastasis model, adhesion assay to collagen I, osteoclast differentiation assay Cancer research Medium 22562465
2012 CXCL10-CXCR3 axis mediates neutrophil-driven fulminant lung injury (ARDS); CXCL10 is produced by infiltrating pulmonary neutrophils via TRIF-dependent signaling; CXCL10-CXCR3 acts in an autocrine fashion on neutrophil oxidative burst and chemotaxis, amplifying pulmonary inflammation. CXCL10- or CXCR3-deficient mice show improved ARDS severity and survival. CXCL10 KO, CXCR3 KO, IFNAR1 KO, TRIF KO mice in acid-aspiration and influenza ARDS models; neutrophil CXCR3 expression analysis; in vivo survival studies American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine High 23144331
2013 CXCL10 induction during HCV infection in hepatocytes proceeds via two independent, parallel pathways through TLR3 and RIG-I pattern recognition receptors; in pure hepatocyte cultures, CXCL10 induction is independent of type I and III IFNs, whereas non-parenchymal cell-derived IFNs contribute to CXCL10 induction in mixed PHH cultures; CXCL10 protein expression positively correlates with intracellular HCV Core antigen. TLR3/RIG-I functional or non-functional hepatocyte lines, IFN neutralization, immunodepletion of non-parenchymal cells, immunofluorescence correlation analysis Journal of hepatology Medium 23770038
2014 Heparanase induction decreases CXCL10 levels in myeloma cells, and CXCL10 exerts tumor-suppressor and anti-angiogenic properties; recombinant CXCL10 attenuates myeloma and HUVEC proliferation in vitro, and CXCL10 overexpression or CXCL10-Ig fusion protein treatment markedly reduces myeloma xenograft growth in vivo. Inducible Tet-on heparanase system, soft agar colony assay, xenograft model, recombinant CXCL10 treatment, CXCL10-Ig fusion protein in vivo Leukemia Medium 24699306
2014 MRP8/MRP14 (endogenous DAMP) induces IP-10/CXCL10 production in monocytes/macrophages via TLR4 and TRIF (not MyD88); full induction requires synergistic activation of both NF-κB and IRF3 transcription factors; MRP8/MRP14-induced chemotaxis of CXCR3+ cells depends on IP-10 production; neutralizing anti-MRP8 antibody in vivo prevents NF-κB/IRF3 activation and IP-10 production. THP-1 monocytes, TLR4 and TRIF/MyD88 pathway inhibition, NF-κB and IRF3 activation assays, CXCR3+ cell chemotaxis, mouse trauma/hemorrhagic shock model with neutralizing antibody FASEB journal Medium 25342131
2015 MLK3 (mixed lineage kinase 3) mediates the release of CXCL10-laden extracellular vesicles from lipotoxic hepatocytes; CXCL10 is enriched in EVs from LPC-treated hepatocytes and colocalizes with EV marker CD63 in vesicular structures; MLK3 genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition prevents CXCL10 enrichment in EVs; these CXCL10-bearing EVs induce macrophage chemotaxis, which is blocked by CXCL10-neutralizing antisera. Differential ultracentrifugation EV isolation, mass spectrometry, GFP-CXCL10/RFP-CD63 colocalization, MLK3 KO mice, MLK3 inhibitor, macrophage chemotaxis assay, CXCL10 neutralizing antisera Hepatology High 26406121
2017 CXCL10 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma EMT and metastasis through MMP-2 as a downstream effector; CXCL10 overexpression enhances migration, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, while CXCL10 silencing inhibits these, and microarray analysis identified MMP-2 as a downstream target of CXCL10. CXCL10 overexpression and shRNA silencing, in vitro migration/invasion assay, in vivo metastasis model, microarray analysis, MMP-2 validation American journal of translational research Medium 28670372
2017 CXCL10 stimulates IFN-γ-primed human monocytes to robustly produce IL-12 and IL-23 via CXCR3 receptor engagement and IκB kinase / p38 MAPK signaling pathways; in a murine colitis model, anti-CXCL10 antibody treatment suppresses local myeloid-derived inflammatory cytokine production and reduces intestinal tissue damage. Human monocyte culture, CXCR3 blocking antibody, IKK and p38 MAPK inhibitors, cytokine ELISA; innate murine colitis model with anti-CXCL10 treatment Journal of leukocyte biology Medium 28899907
2017 CXCL10 suppresses corneal hem- and lymph-angiogenesis through downregulation of MMP-13 (and VEGFa/c); MMP-13 is required for neovascularization but does not affect CXCL10 expression; CXCL10 and CXCR3 neutralization promotes angiogenesis, while AAV9-driven epithelial CXCL10 overexpression suppresses it. AAV9 CXCL10 overexpression, CXCL10/CXCR3 neutralization, MMP-13 inhibition, mouse corneal infection/suture neovascularization models Angiogenesis Medium 28623423
2018 EZH2 and G9a cooperate and physically interact to epigenetically repress CXCL10 in IPF fibroblasts via H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 marks respectively; EZH2 knockdown reduces both EZH2/H3K27me3 and G9a/H3K9me3, and vice versa; TGF-β1 induces this interplay to repress CXCL10; EZH2/G9a inhibitors restore CXCL10 expression. ChIP, Re-ChIP, proximity ligation assay (EZH2-G9a interaction), siRNA knockdown, EZH2/G9a inhibitors, TGF-β1 treatment of primary fibroblasts American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 29053336
2019 Viperin (RSAD2) regulates chondrogenic differentiation by influencing secretion of CXCL10, which in turn modulates TGF-β/SMAD2/3 activity; viperin-CXCL10-TGF-β/SMAD2/3 axis is disturbed in cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) chondrocytes; viperin is expressed in differentiating chondrocytes and controls protein secretion. siRNA silencing of viperin, plasmid overexpression, label-free MS proteomics of secretome, CXCL10 ELISA, promoter reporter assay, TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling readouts, immunohistochemistry The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 30718282
2019 Leishmania major virulence factor GP63 cleaves CXCL10 after amino acid A81 at the base of its C-terminal α-helix, inactivating it; GP63 shows specificity for CXCR3-binding chemokines (CXCL10 and homologs) but not CXCL8 or CCL22; cleaved CXCL10 cannot signal through CXCR3 and fails to support T cell chemotaxis in vitro; cleavage is produced by both extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Recombinant GP63 cleavage assay, mass spectrometry cleavage site mapping, CXCR3 chemotaxis assay, substrate specificity panel with multiple chemokines, amastigote/promastigote stage-specific analysis Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology High 31440475
2020 hCG inhibits CXCL10 expression in endometrial stromal/decidual cells by inducing EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 histone methylation at Region 4 of the CXCL10 promoter; hCG-mediated CXCL10 suppression reduces CD8 T cell recruitment to decidua. In vitro decidual cell treatment with hCG, ChIP for H3K27me3, EZH2 inhibition, CXCL10 promoter deletion analysis, CD8 T cell migration assay Scientific reports Medium 32238853
2021 Plasmodium falciparum inhibits CXCL10 synthesis in monocytes by disrupting ribosome association with CXCL10 transcripts (translational suppression); the underlying mechanism involves RNA cargo delivery into monocytes triggering RIG-I, leading to HuR binding to an AU-rich domain in the CXCL10 3′UTR; conversely, high CXCL10 levels signal P. falciparum to accelerate growth as a survival strategy. Ribosome profiling/polysome analysis, RNA cargo delivery assay, RIG-I signaling assay, RIP assay (HuR binding to CXCL10 3′UTR), AU-rich element identification, parasite growth acceleration assay Nature communications High 34381047
2022 MEK inhibitor combined with PEM/CDDP chemotherapy triggers CXCL10 secretion from cancer cells through optineurin (OPTN)-dependent mitophagy, mitochondrial DNA release, and TLR9 signaling; TLR9 or autophagy/mitophagy inhibition abolishes CXCL10 induction and anti-tumor efficacy. Drug screening, OPTN KO, TLR9 inhibition, mitophagy inhibitors, mitochondrial DNA depletion, CXCL10 ELISA, in vivo lung tumor models Cancer cell High 35051357
2023 MLKL regulates macrophage M1 polarization in acute pancreatitis through CXCL10 secretion from pancreatic acinar cells; MLKL knockout attenuates AP and reduces M1 macrophage polarization; neutralization of CXCL10 in vitro impairs conditioned-medium-driven M1 polarization, and in vivo CXCL10 neutralization reduces M1 macrophage polarization and AP severity; MLKL acts independently of RIPK3 in this pathway. Mlkl KO and Ripk3 KO mice, cerulein/LPS AP model, primary acinar cell isolation, conditioned medium, CXCL10 neutralizing antibody in vitro and in vivo, macrophage polarization assays Cell death & disease Medium 36828808

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2020 The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 936 32446778
1985 Gamma-interferon transcriptionally regulates an early-response gene containing homology to platelet proteins. Nature 899 3925348
2005 Thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression is increased in asthmatic airways and correlates with expression of Th2-attracting chemokines and disease severity. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 681 15944327
1995 Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence. Nature 660 7566098
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
1997 Mig and IP-10: CXC chemokines that target lymphocytes. Journal of leukocyte biology 655 9060447
2011 CXCL10/IP-10 in infectious diseases pathogenesis and potential therapeutic implications. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 648 21802343
2003 An alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3 mediates the inhibition of endothelial cell growth induced by IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC, and acts as functional receptor for platelet factor 4. The Journal of experimental medicine 588 12782716
1995 Human interferon-inducible protein 10 is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo. The Journal of experimental medicine 571 7540647
2019 Macrophage-Derived CXCL9 and CXCL10 Are Required for Antitumor Immune Responses Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 569 31636098
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2013 HIV-1 evades innate immune recognition through specific cofactor recruitment. Nature 388 24196705
2003 Many chemokines including CCL20/MIP-3alpha display antimicrobial activity. Journal of leukocyte biology 379 12949249
2005 Cytokine responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected macrophages in vitro: possible relevance to pathogenesis. Journal of virology 347 15919935
2004 One nucleotide in a kappaB site can determine cofactor specificity for NF-kappaB dimers. Cell 330 15315758
2008 CXCL10 and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity reviews 287 19105984
2002 Increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL10 in peripheral airways of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 279 12016104
1997 The immunobiology of interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 kD (IP-10): a novel, pleiotropic member of the C-X-C chemokine superfamily. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 273 9462486
2000 The ligands of CXC chemokine receptor 3, I-TAC, Mig, and IP10, are natural antagonists for CCR3. The Journal of biological chemistry 249 11110785
2012 CXCL10-CXCR3 enhances the development of neutrophil-mediated fulminant lung injury of viral and nonviral origin. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 238 23144331
2001 Kinetic investigation of chemokine truncation by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV reveals a striking selectivity within the chemokine family. The Journal of biological chemistry 227 11390394
2005 The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis mediates human lung mast cell migration to asthmatic airway smooth muscle. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 225 15879427
2020 IP-10 and MCP-1 as biomarkers associated with disease severity of COVID-19. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 220 33121429
2016 CXCL9 and CXCL10 predict survival and are regulated by cyclooxygenase inhibition in advanced serous ovarian cancer. British journal of cancer 219 27490802
2004 Intracellular domains of CXCR3 that mediate CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 function. The Journal of biological chemistry 217 15150261
1999 Chemokine receptor responses on T cells are achieved through regulation of both receptor expression and signaling. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 213 10201901
2020 Tebentafusp, A TCR/Anti-CD3 Bispecific Fusion Protein Targeting gp100, Potently Activated Antitumor Immune Responses in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 203 32816891
2015 Mixed lineage kinase 3 mediates release of C-X-C motif ligand 10-bearing chemotactic extracellular vesicles from lipotoxic hepatocytes. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 202 26406121
2006 Chemokine expression by astrocytes plays a role in microglia/macrophage activation and subsequent neurodegeneration in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Acta neuropathologica 194 16733654
2009 CXCL10 impairs beta cell function and viability in diabetes through TLR4 signaling. Cell metabolism 185 19187771
2002 Involvement of the interferon-gamma-induced T cell-attracting chemokines, interferon-gamma-inducible 10-kd protein (CXCL10) and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (CXCL9), in the salivary gland lesions of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis and rheumatism 185 12384933
2006 HIV tat and neurotoxicity. Microbes and infection 184 16697675
2022 MEK inhibition overcomes chemoimmunotherapy resistance by inducing CXCL10 in cancer cells. Cancer cell 182 35051357
2004 Inhibition of pulmonary fibrosis by the chemokine IP-10/CXCL10. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 166 15205180
1990 Identification of CRG-2. An interferon-inducible mRNA predicted to encode a murine monokine. The Journal of biological chemistry 163 2118520
2018 CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and their receptor (CXCR3) in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University 161 29893515
2002 Chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies: a central role for IP-10. Brain : a journal of neurology 119 11912115
2014 The multifaceted functions of CXCL10 in cardiovascular disease. BioMed research international 114 24868552
2015 Oncogenic CXCL10 signalling drives metastasis development and poor clinical outcome. British journal of cancer 112 26042934
2002 CCL7 and CXCL10 orchestrate oxidative stress-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 104 11777981
2012 CXCL10 promotes osteolytic bone metastasis by enhancing cancer outgrowth and osteoclastogenesis. Cancer research 103 22562465
2014 CXCR3, CXCL10 and type 1 diabetes. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 102 24529741
1999 Role for interactions between IP-10/Mig and CXCR3 in proliferative glomerulonephritis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 102 10589690
2002 Blockade of CXCL10 protects mice from acute colitis and enhances crypt cell survival. European journal of immunology 99 12555665
1993 Galanin receptor antagonists M40 and C7 block galanin-induced feeding. Brain research 94 7679604
2014 Heparanase enhances myeloma progression via CXCL10 downregulation. Leukemia 92 24699306
2005 CXCR3-mediated opposite effects of CXCL10 and CXCL4 on TH1 or TH2 cytokine production. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 91 16337473
2012 The interaction between CXCL10 and cytokines in chronic inflammatory arthritis. Autoimmunity reviews 90 23092582
1999 The interferon-inducible chemokines MuMig and Crg-2 exhibit antiviral activity In vivo. Journal of virology 86 9882354
2018 IP-10 is highly involved in HIV infection. Cytokine 84 30472104
2010 CXCL10 can inhibit endothelial cell proliferation independently of CXCR3. PloS one 83 20856926
2004 High pretransplant serum levels of CXCL10/IP-10 are related to increased risk of renal allograft failure. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 83 15307834
2006 Oligomerization of CXCL10 is necessary for endothelial cell presentation and in vivo activity. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 82 17082614
2011 CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 regulate synovial fibroblast invasion in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and rheumatism 78 21811993
2010 Repression of IP-10 by interactions between histone deacetylation and hypermethylation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Molecular and cellular biology 78 20404089
2012 An IP-10 (CXCL10)-derived peptide inhibits angiogenesis. PloS one 77 22815829
2003 CXCL10 production from cytomegalovirus-stimulated microglia is regulated by both human and viral interleukin-10. Journal of virology 77 12663757
2012 Macrophages induce differentiation of plasma cells through CXCL10/IP-10. The Journal of experimental medicine 73 22987802
2020 Regio- and Stereoselective Steroid Hydroxylation at C7 by Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Mutants. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 70 32243054
2007 Induction of IP-10 (CXCL10) in astrocytes following Japanese encephalitis. Neuroscience letters 68 17287085
2001 IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (CXCL10) is hepatoprotective during acute liver injury through the induction of CXCR2 on hepatocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 68 11739529
2022 CXCL10 Chemokine: A Critical Player in RNA and DNA Viral Infections. Viruses 67 36366543
2017 A novel function of CXCL10 in mediating monocyte production of proinflammatory cytokines. Journal of leukocyte biology 58 28899907
2020 Role of Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 10 (CXCL10) in Renal Diseases. Mediators of inflammation 53 32089645
1999 Cholecystokinin induction of mob-1 chemokine expression in pancreatic acinar cells requires NF-kappaB activation. The American journal of physiology 53 10409110
2014 Injury-induced MRP8/MRP14 stimulates IP-10/CXCL10 in monocytes/macrophages. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 52 25342131
1998 Chemokine IP-10 expression in cultured human keratinocytes. Archives of dermatological research 52 9705166
2018 Interplay between EZH2 and G9a Regulates CXCL10 Gene Repression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 50 29053336
2014 EGFR activation suppresses respiratory virus-induced IRF1-dependent CXCL10 production. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 50 24838750
2015 CXCL10 in psoriasis. Advances in medical sciences 47 26318079
2018 Chemokine CXCL10 and Coronavirus-Induced Neurologic Disease. Viral immunology 43 30109979
2004 Interferon-beta induces transient systemic IP-10/CXCL10 chemokine release in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of neuroimmunology 43 15465611
2016 CXCL13, CXCL10 and CXCL8 as Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Neurosyphilis Patients. Scientific reports 42 27650493
2014 Cognitive Status Correlates with CXCL10/IP-10 Levels in Parkinson's Disease. Parkinson's disease 42 25386381
2007 Blockade of IP-10/CXCR3 promotes progressive renal fibrosis. Nephron. Experimental nephrology 42 17671396
2007 Expression of IP-10 related to angiogenesis in uterine cervical cancers. British journal of cancer 41 17505511
2007 Caries-related bacteria and cytokines induce CXCL10 in dental pulp. Journal of dental research 41 18037659
2014 The role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of experimental septic shock. Critical care (London, England) 39 24890566
2017 CXCL10 accelerates EMT and metastasis by MMP-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. American journal of translational research 38 28670372
1986 Cloning and mapping of the genetic determinants for microcin C7 production and immunity. Journal of bacteriology 38 3536876
2013 Independent, parallel pathways to CXCL10 induction in HCV-infected hepatocytes. Journal of hepatology 37 23770038
2017 CXCL10 suppression of hem- and lymph-angiogenesis in inflamed corneas through MMP13. Angiogenesis 35 28623423
2011 Visfatin enhances CXCL8, CXCL10, and CCL20 production in human keratinocytes. Endocrinology 35 21673103
2004 Regulation of neuroinflammation: the role of CXCL10 in lymphocyte infiltration during autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of cellular biochemistry 35 15108349
2017 High CXCL10/IP-10 levels are a hallmark in the clinical evolution of the HIV infection. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 34 29122683
2018 C5aR1 interacts with TLR2 in osteoblasts and stimulates the osteoclast-inducing chemokine CXCL10. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 33 30247799
2010 Th1 (CXCL10) and Th2 (CCL2) chemokine expression in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Human immunology 33 20153790
2023 MLKL signaling regulates macrophage polarization in acute pancreatitis through CXCL10. Cell death & disease 32 36828808
2015 Serum levels of leptin and IP-10 in preeclampsia compared to controls. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 32 25693758
2019 Pulmonary fibroblasts-secreted CXCL10 polarizes alveolar macrophages under pro-inflammatory stimuli. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 31 31394157
2019 Pathogen Evasion of Chemokine Response Through Suppression of CXCL10. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 31 31440475
2021 Malaria parasites both repress host CXCL10 and use it as a cue for growth acceleration. Nature communications 30 34381047
2023 CXCL10 and Nrf2-upregulated mesenchymal stem cells reinvigorate T lymphocytes for combating glioblastoma. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 29 38056897
1997 Mob-1, a Ras target gene, is overexpressed in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 29 9129152
2023 FABP4 in LSECs promotes CXCL10-mediated macrophage recruitment and M1 polarization during NAFLD progression. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 28 37487374
2022 Role of CXCL10 in Spinal Cord Injury. International journal of medical sciences 28 36483597
2012 The chemokines CXCL10 and XCL1 recruit human annulus fibrosus cells. Spine 28 21270681
2019 Accumulate evidence for IP-10 in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC infectious diseases 27 31666025
2017 PERK and XBP1 differentially regulate CXCL10 and CCL2 production. Experimental eye research 27 28065589
2012 T-cell infiltration correlates with CXCL10 expression in ganglia of cynomolgus macaques with reactivated simian varicella virus. Journal of virology 27 23269790
2007 Hereditary complement C7 deficiency in nine families: subtotal C7 deficiency revisited. European journal of immunology 26 17407100
2005 Chemokine CXCL10 (IP-10) is sufficient to trigger an immune response to injected antigens in a mouse model. Vaccine 26 16500735
2022 A Teleost CXCL10 Is Both an Immunoregulator and an Antimicrobial. Frontiers in immunology 25 35795684
2017 CXCL10 is upregulated in synovium and cartilage following articular fracture. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 25 28906016
2016 PDGFR-alpha inhibits melanoma growth via CXCL10/IP-10: a multi-omics approach. Oncotarget 25 27764787
2014 Elevated CXCL10 (IP-10) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with acute cellular rejection after human lung transplantation. Transplantation 25 24025324
2020 CXCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10 regulation by bacteria and mechanical forces in periodontium. Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft 24 33221386
2016 Targeting the IFN-γ/CXCL10 pathway in lichen planus. Medical hypotheses 24 27241258
2009 Induction of IP-10/CXCL10 secretion as an immunomodulatory effect of low-dose adjuvant interferon-alpha during treatment of melanoma. Immunobiology 24 19450896
2020 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin modulates CXCL10 Expression through Histone Methylation in human decidua. Scientific reports 23 32238853
2016 Detecting Renal Allograft Inflammation Using Quantitative Urine Metabolomics and CXCL10. Transplantation direct 22 27500268
2017 COMMD7 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating CXCL10. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 20 28142122
2013 CXC chemokine IP-10: a key actor in liver disease? Hepatology international 20 26201916
2005 Alfalfa Mob 1-like genes are expressed in reproductive organs during meiosis and gametogenesis. Plant molecular biology 20 16240174
2013 Differential expression of CXCL1, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL12 chemokines in alopecia areata. Iranian journal of immunology : IJI 19 23502337
2013 Histamine downregulates the Th1-associated chemokine IP-10 in monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells. International archives of allergy and immunology 19 24247593
2006 Role of IP-10/CXCL10 in the progression of pancreatitis-like injury in mice after murine retroviral infection. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 19 16825661
2024 CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL19 synergistically recruit T lymphocytes to skin in lichen planus. JCI insight 18 39190494
2019 The role of CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL10 and CXCL11 in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Medicine 18 31232926
2014 Simvastatin attenuates rhinovirus-induced interferon and CXCL10 secretion from monocytic cells in vitro. Journal of leukocyte biology 18 24532643
2009 IP-10 protects while MIP-2 promotes experimental anesthetic hapten - induced hepatitis. Journal of autoimmunity 18 19131211
2005 Elevated interleukin-12 and CXCL10 in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Cytokine 18 16226466
1995 Complement component C6 and C7 haplotypes associated with deficiencies of C6. Annals of human genetics 18 7625765
2024 The interplay of Cxcl10+/Mmp14+ monocytes and Ccl3+ neutrophils proactively mediates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Journal of hazardous materials 17 38335607
2019 The antiviral protein viperin regulates chondrogenic differentiation via CXCL10 protein secretion. The Journal of biological chemistry 17 30718282
2019 Early Pregnancy Induces Expression of STAT1, OAS1 and CXCL10 in Ovine Spleen. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 17 31671580
2014 Critical Role of IP-10 on Reducing Experimental Corneal Neovascularization. Current eye research 17 25309995
2018 Plasmacytoid dendritic cell heterogeneity is defined by CXCL10 expression following TLR7 stimulation. Immunology and cell biology 16 29870118
2008 Structure of mouse IP-10, a chemokine. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography 16 18560148