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Showing COPS4 — CSN4 is a alias.

COPS4

COP9 signalosome complex subunit 4 · UniProt Q9BT78

Length
406 aa
Mass
46.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
33 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

COPS4/CSN4 is a PCI-domain subunit of the COP9 signalosome (CSN), the eight-subunit complex that deneddylates cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) to regulate their activity and substrate turnover (PMID:19141280, PMID:21151958). Within the CSN, CSN4 anchors one of two symmetrical structural modules: it forms a stable CSN4-5-6-7 core stabilized by a PCI-PCI contact with CSN7 and bridged to the CSN5-CSN6 MPN dimer, with CSN8 also docking onto this core (PMID:19141280, PMID:23086934). CSN4 contributes to the central horseshoe of PCI subunits in the assembled complex, and its N-terminal domains sense neddylated CRL substrate and relay that binding through large conformational changes to activate the catalytic CSN5 subunit (PMID:24973710, PMID:27031283). Through these activities CSN4/CSN governs deneddylation of multiple cullins (Cul1, Cul3, Cul4) and the stability of CRL components such as SKP1, controlling SCF and CRL3 function across development and the circadian clock (PMID:21151958, PMID:19176824). Beyond catalytic deneddylation, CSN4 protects selected proteins from degradation — the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC3/Cdc34 from SCF(betaTrCP)-mediated turnover, the synaptic proteins snapin and stonin 2 in complex with TorsinA, soluble guanylyl cyclase alpha1, and Retinoblastoma proteins Rbf1/Rbf2 at target promoters — while also promoting p53 degradation (PMID:20378537, PMID:21102408, PMID:24725084, PMID:17251548). CSN4 binds directly to DDB1 to support CRL4 assembly and DNA-damage-induced ubiquitination, with its loss diverting DDB1 to autophagic degradation (PMID:41686221). In Drosophila germline stem cells, the differentiation factor Bam sequesters CSN4 from the COP9 complex by protein competition, switching the complex from a self-renewal to a differentiation mode (PMID:25119050).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 2001 Medium

    Established that CSN4 exists not only in the large nuclear CSN holocomplex but also in a smaller cytoplasmic subcomplex, raising the question of compartment-specific CSN forms.

    Evidence Glycerol gradient sedimentation, cell fractionation, and leptomycin B treatment defining a ~100 kDa CSN4-8 cytoplasmic subcomplex

    PMID:11704659

    Open questions at the time
    • Function of the cytoplasmic CSN4-8 subcomplex not defined
    • Single lab, pharmacological perturbation only
  2. 2001 Low

    Defined the pairwise subunit interaction network placing CSN4 adjacent to CSN5/6/7, foreshadowing the modular architecture of the complex.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid analysis of all paired subunit interactions in Arabidopsis

    PMID:11742986

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-method Y2H in plant orthologs
    • Does not establish direct contacts in the assembled human complex
  3. 2002 Medium

    Genetic and biochemical analyses in Drosophila and fission yeast showed CSN4 is essential and required for cullin deneddylation, but with subunit-specific phenotypes distinct from CSN1/CSN2/CSN5, indicating non-redundant roles among CSN subunits.

    Evidence Null mutant phenotyping, gel filtration, co-IP with Csn1/Csn2, and Nedd8-removal assays on Pcu1

    PMID:11854407 PMID:12223399

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of subunit-specific phenotypes unresolved
    • Whether CSN4 acts catalytically or structurally not separated
  4. 2003 Medium

    Connected CSN4-mediated deneddylation of Cullin1 to a defined downstream output by identifying Cyclin E as the major target through reciprocal genetic suppression.

    Evidence Drosophila genetic epistasis and suppressor analysis with Cyclin E overexpression

    PMID:12737805

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical link between CSN4 and Cyclin E turnover not shown
    • Restricted to oogenesis context
  5. 2007 Medium

    Revealed a non-canonical, promoter-associated role: CSN4 co-occupies Rb target genes and protects Rbf1/Rbf2 from proteasomal destruction, linking CSN4 to transcriptional and cell-cycle control.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP, and RNAi knockdown with Western blot in Drosophila embryos

    PMID:17251548

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether protection occurs via holocomplex deneddylation or a separate activity unclear
    • Single lab
  6. 2009 High

    Resolved the architecture of the human CSN into two symmetrical modules and placed CSN4 in the CSN4/5/6/7 module, defining the structural neighborhood through which it acts.

    Evidence Native mass spectrometry of reconstituted human CSN with subcomplex dissociation mapping

    PMID:19141280

    Open questions at the time
    • Static interaction map without catalytic state
    • Does not address conformational dynamics during deneddylation
  7. 2009 Medium

    Extended CSN4/CSN function into circadian biology and mapped its physical engagement with specific CRL complexes.

    Evidence Drosophila null mutants with TIM immunofluorescence and behavioral phase-shift assays; AP-MS interactome of mammalian CSN4 identifying CRL4(Ddb2) and Dda1

    PMID:19176824 PMID:19295130

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct enzymatic action of CSN4 on the JET/TIM CRL not shown
    • Interactome correlative for many partners
  8. 2010 Medium

    Demonstrated that CSN4 protects substrates beyond cullins — stabilizing UBC3/Cdc34 and the TorsinA-associated synaptic proteins snapin and stonin 2 — establishing a protective function distinct from bulk deneddylation.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination, domain mapping (UBC3); reciprocal co-IP in cells and synaptosomes with RNAi (TorsinA/snapin/stonin 2); Neurospora csn-4 knockout with cullin neddylation assays

    PMID:20378537 PMID:21102408 PMID:21151958

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism distinguishing protection from deneddylation incomplete
    • Tissue-specificity of synaptic role not generalized
  9. 2012 High

    Reconstituted the CSN4-5-6-7 submodule in vitro and mapped the specific PCI-PCI (CSN4-CSN7) and MPN-MPN contacts that build it, providing a molecular blueprint for CSN4's structural role.

    Evidence Bacterial co-expression reconstitution with combinatorial interaction and biophysical analysis

    PMID:23086934

    Open questions at the time
    • Subcomplex behavior may differ from holocomplex
    • Does not address substrate sensing
  10. 2014 Medium

    Identified CSN4 as a regulated hub interacting with sGCalpha1, tescalcin (Ca2+-dependent, PCI-domain mediated), and contributing to the cryo-EM PCI horseshoe, connecting partner binding to modulation of CRL deneddylation and substrate stability.

    Evidence Co-IP, domain mapping, siRNA knockdown, CK2 inhibition (sGCalpha1/p53); Ca2+-dependent co-IP and deneddylation readouts (tescalcin); negative-stain and cryo-EM of human CSN

    PMID:24659803 PMID:24725084 PMID:24973710

    Open questions at the time
    • How partner binding allosterically tunes CSN activity not mechanistically resolved
    • Cancer-cell-context dependence
  11. 2014 High

    Showed that CSN4 can be selectively extracted from the CSN by a competing factor to reprogram complex function, demonstrating subunit sequestration as a regulatory switch in stem-cell fate.

    Evidence Drosophila GSC clonal genetics with multiple alleles and Bam-Csn4 co-IP

    PMID:25119050

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether analogous sequestration occurs in mammals unknown
    • Stoichiometry of Bam-CSN4 competition not quantified
  12. 2016 High

    Defined CSN4's catalytic-regulatory role: its N-terminal domains sense neddylated CRL substrate and transmit binding through conformational change to activate CSN5, explaining how the complex achieves substrate-stimulated deneddylation.

    Evidence Cryo-EM, hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS, kinetic binding assays, and mutagenesis of CSN4 domains

    PMID:27031283

    Open questions at the time
    • Real-time dynamics of the sensing-to-activation relay not visualized
    • Generalization across diverse CRL substrates incomplete
  13. 2019 Medium

    Tied CSN4 to G1/S control through TCTP, which antagonizes CSN4/COP9 function to maintain CUL1 neddylation, and correlated CSN4 levels with proliferation and apoptosis regulators in cancer cells.

    Evidence Multi-organism genetic interaction and knockdown with CUL1 neddylation immunoblots (TCTP); lentiviral knockdown with proliferation, cell-cycle, and CDK6/Caspase3 readouts in MDA-MB-231

    PMID:30695029 PMID:30992253

    Open questions at the time
    • Breast cancer findings are correlative without direct mechanism
    • Direct TCTP-CSN4 binding interface not mapped
  14. 2026 Medium

    Established a direct CSN4-DDB1 interaction required for CRL4 assembly and DNA-damage ubiquitination, and revealed that CSN4 loss diverts DDB1 to autophagic degradation.

    Evidence Co-IP, siRNA knockdown, DDB1 K1131R resistance mutant, CRL4 assembly and ubiquitination assays, autophagy analysis

    PMID:41686221

    Open questions at the time
    • How CSN4 binding blocks autophagic targeting of DDB1 unresolved
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how CSN4 mechanistically separates its substrate-protection function from canonical CSN deneddylation, and whether the mammalian CSN undergoes subunit-sequestration switching analogous to Bam-mediated CSN4 extraction in Drosophila.
  • No structural model of CSN4 in a protection-competent versus deneddylation-competent state
  • No mammalian equivalent of Bam-CSN4 competition identified
  • Substrate selectivity rules for protection undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0140299 molecular sensor activity 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-9909396 Circadian clock 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1
Partners
CSN5CSN6CSN7DDB1RBF2SGCALPHA1TESCALCINTORSINA
Complex memberships
COP9 signalosome (CSN)CRL4 (DDB1) ligaseCSN4-5-6-7 submodulecytoplasmic CSN4-8 subcomplex

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 CSN4 is a component of a smaller cytoplasmic COP9 signalosome subcomplex (~100 kDa, containing CSN4-8 but not CSN1-3) that is distinct from the nuclear 450-kDa holocomplex; this subcomplex arises from nuclear export and is sensitive to leptomycin B treatment. Glycerol gradient sedimentation and cell fractionation experiments; leptomycin B treatment The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11704659
2001 CSN4 participates in a pairwise interaction network within the COP9 signalosome; yeast two-hybrid analysis detected Csn4/5/7/6 paired interactions in Arabidopsis, implying a similar quaternary arrangement as in the 26S proteasome lid. Yeast two-hybrid analysis of all possible paired subunit interactions The EMBO journal Low 11742986
2002 In Drosophila, CSN4 (Drosophila ortholog) forms a complex of similar size to plant and mammalian CSN; null mutations in csn4 are larval lethal and cause defective oocyte/embryo patterning and defects in response to DNA damage, with unique phenotypes reminiscent of ecdysone signaling defects distinct from csn5 mutants. Gel filtration with CSN subunit antibodies; null mutant generation and phenotypic characterization Development (Cambridge, England) Medium 12223399
2002 In fission yeast, Csn4 is required for removal of Nedd8 from the cullin Pcu1, and its protein product associates with Csn1 and Csn2; however, csn4 null mutants do not share the DNA damage sensitivity and slow replication phenotypes of csn1/csn2 mutants, indicating subunit-specific functional differences. Null mutant characterization; co-immunoprecipitation; Nedd8 removal assays Molecular biology of the cell Medium 11854407
2003 In Drosophila oogenesis, CSN4 (with CSN5/Jab1) acts through the CSN to remove Nedd8 from Cullin1 (a subunit of SCF ubiquitin ligase), and genetic epistasis shows that Cyclin E is the major downstream target; CSN4 and Cyclin E mutations reciprocally suppress each other. Drosophila genetics (CSN4 and CSN5 mutants), genetic epistasis/suppressor analysis, Cyclin E overexpression Developmental cell Medium 12737805
2007 The Drosophila CSN4 subunit co-occupies Retinoblastoma target gene promoters with Rbf1 and Rbf2, and physically interacts with Rbf2 during embryogenesis; knockdown of CSN4 leads to increased proteasome-mediated destruction of Rbf1 and Rbf2 and altered cell cycle progression. Co-immunoprecipitation; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP); targeted RNAi knockdown with Western blot Molecular biology of the cell Medium 17251548
2009 Mass spectrometry-based interaction mapping of reconstituted human CSN identified two symmetrical modules: Csn1/2/3/8 and Csn4/5/6/7, connected by Csn1-Csn6 interactions; the active complex contains a single copy of each of the eight subunits. Native mass spectrometry of in vitro reconstituted human CSN complex; subcomplex dissociation mapping Structure (London, England : 1993) High 19141280
2009 CSN4 null mutations in Drosophila prevent normal light-dependent Timeless (TIM) degradation in pacemaker neurons and impair behavioral phase shifts; this places CSN4/CSN in the Jetlag (JET) F-box protein pathway for light-mediated TIM degradation. Drosophila genetic null mutants; immunofluorescence of TIM in lateral neurons; behavioral phase-shift assays; genetic epistasis with jetlag mutants The Journal of neuroscience Medium 19176824
2009 Systematic mass spectrometric pulldown of mammalian CSN4 (among other subunits) defined the protein interaction network of the CSN, identifying stable interactions with a subset of CRL complexes including CRL4(Ddb2), and revealing Dda1 as a new CRL4-associated protein. Mass spectrometry-based interactome mapping of CSN subunits including Csn4 by affinity purification Journal of cell science Medium 19295130
2010 Human CSN4 (or CSN5) knockdown induces proteasome-mediated degradation of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC3/Cdc34 via SCF(betaTrCP); the CSN normally protects UBC3 from ubiquitination requiring UBC3's acidic C-terminal extension. siRNA knockdown of CSN4/CSN5; co-immunoprecipitation; in vitro ubiquitination assay; domain mapping The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 20378537
2010 In Neurospora crassa, CSN-4 knockout abolishes deneddylation of cullin proteins (Cul1, Cul3, Cul4), destabilizes Cul1 in SCF complexes and Cul3/BTB proteins in Cul3-BTB E3s, and SKP-1 in SCF complexes; this results in severe defects in growth, conidiation, and circadian rhythm. Gene knockout mutant generation; neddylation state analysis by immunoblot; phenotypic characterization PLoS genetics Medium 21151958
2010 TorsinA (TA) binds directly to CSN4 in neuroblastoma cells and brain synaptosomes; CSN4 and TA are both required for the stability of synaptic proteins snapin and stonin 2; snapin stability is regulated through CSN-associated kinase PKD (protein kinase D) phosphorylation, while stonin 2 stability is regulated through neddylation. Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown; Western blotting; synaptosome fractionation The EMBO journal Medium 21102408
2012 A CSN4-5-6-7 subcomplex was reconstituted in vitro: CSN7, CSN4, and CSN6 form a stable heterotrimer (requiring co-expression); CSN5 can be added to reconstitute the quaternary complex. The subcomplex is stabilized by MPN-MPN interactions (CSN5-CSN6), PCI-PCI interactions (CSN4-CSN7), and CSN6 C-terminus interactions with CSN4 and CSN7; CSN8 also interacts with the CSN4-6-7 core. Bacterial co-expression reconstitution; pairwise and combinatorial interaction analysis; biochemical and biophysical characterization The Journal of biological chemistry High 23086934
2014 CSN4 was identified as a novel binding partner of soluble guanylyl cyclase α1 (sGCα1) in prostate cancer cells; the CSN4-sGCα1 interaction inhibits sGCα1 proteasomal degradation, while CSN4 promotes p53 degradation; these effects are mediated through a CSN4-CSN5-CK2 complex, with CK2 regulating stability of both sGCα1 and p53. Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown of CSN4/CSN5; Western blot for protein stability; CK2 inhibition Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) Medium 24725084
2014 CSN4 was identified as a Ca2+-dependent binding partner of the EF-hand protein tescalcin; this interaction involves the PCI domain of CSN4; tescalcin upregulation during differentiation coincides with reduced CSN deneddylation of Cul1 and stabilization of p27Kip1, and tescalcin knockdown increases Cul1 deneddylation and Skp2/c-Jun expression while decreasing p27/p53. Co-immunoprecipitation; domain mapping; siRNA knockdown; Western blot for deneddylation and downstream targets Journal of cell science Medium 24659803
2014 3D cryo-EM structural analysis of human CSN reveals a central horseshoe-shaped segment formed by PCI domain subunits; CSN2 and CSN4 densities are better defined in cryo-EM maps compared to negative stain, contributing to the overall structural model of the complex. Negative stain EM and cryo-EM single-particle analysis; in vitro deneddylation assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 24973710
2014 In Drosophila GSCs, CSN4 is specifically required for germline stem cell self-renewal but not differentiation; the differentiation factor Bam sequesters Csn4 from the COP9 complex via protein competition, inactivating COP9's self-renewal function and allowing other Csn proteins to promote differentiation. Drosophila genetics; GSC clonal analysis; co-immunoprecipitation of Bam-Csn4; loss-of-function phenotyping Nature High 25119050
2016 Structural and kinetic analysis showed that N-terminal domains of Csn4 (and Csn2) play important roles in sensing neddylated CRL substrates and enabling formation of a high-affinity fully active CSN-CRL complex; Csn4 communicates binding of neddylated substrate to Csn5 to activate deneddylase activity, with large conformational changes occurring upon binding. Cryo-EM structural analysis; hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS; kinetic binding assays; mutagenesis eLife High 27031283
2019 TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein) controls G1/S transition by interacting with CSN4; genetic interaction studies in Arabidopsis, tobacco cells, and Drosophila showed that downregulation of CSN4 delays G1/S transition; loss-of-function of TCTP increases the fraction of deneddylated CUL1, suggesting TCTP negatively interferes with COP9 (CSN4) function to maintain CUL1 neddylation. Genetic interaction studies; knockdown in multiple organisms; CUL1 neddylation state analysis by immunoblot PLoS genetics Medium 30695029
2019 In breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, CSN4 knockdown decreases cellular proliferation, increases sub-G1 population (apoptosis), and alters expression of CDK6 and Caspase3, indicating CSN4 modulates cell cycle progression and apoptosis through these regulators. Lentivirus-mediated CSN4 knockdown; CCK8 proliferation assay; colony formation; cell cycle analysis; Western blot for CDK6 and Caspase3 Yi chuan = Hereditas Low 30992253
2026 CSN4 binds directly to DDB1; loss of CSN4 leads to autophagy-mediated destabilization of DDB1 (the DDB1 K1131R mutant is resistant to CSN4 depletion-induced downregulation), reduced CRL4 assembly, and impaired DNA damage-induced ubiquitination; CSN4 deficiency activates autophagy as an alternative degradation pathway for DDB1. Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown; site-directed mutagenesis (DDB1 K1131R); CRL4 assembly assay; ubiquitination assay; autophagy pathway analysis Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS Medium 41686221

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 33 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 The cytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent degradation of p27Kip1 mediated by Jab1/CSN5 and the COP9 signalosome complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 252 11704659
2001 Subunit interaction maps for the regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome and the COP9 signalosome. The EMBO journal 198 11742986
2009 Symmetrical modularity of the COP9 signalosome complex suggests its multifunctionality. Structure (London, England : 1993) 132 19141280
2002 COP9 signalosome subunits 4 and 5 regulate multiple pleiotropic pathways in Drosophila melanogaster. Development (Cambridge, England) 114 12223399
2003 The COP9 signalosome promotes degradation of Cyclin E during early Drosophila oogenesis. Developmental cell 101 12737805
2002 Deletion mutants in COP9/signalosome subunits in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe display distinct phenotypes. Molecular biology of the cell 98 11854407
2016 Structural and kinetic analysis of the COP9-Signalosome activation and the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase deneddylation cycle. eLife 84 27031283
2018 Antigen Specificity and Clinical Significance of IgG and IgA Autoantibodies Produced in situ by Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells in Breast Cancer. Frontiers in immunology 82 30515157
2009 An interaction network of the mammalian COP9 signalosome identifies Dda1 as a core subunit of multiple Cul4-based E3 ligases. Journal of cell science 71 19295130
2014 Protein competition switches the function of COP9 from self-renewal to differentiation. Nature 54 25119050
2011 Ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated proteolysis is involved in the response to flooding stress in soybean roots, independent of oxygen limitation. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 38 22325888
2007 Retinoblastoma protein regulation by the COP9 signalosome. Molecular biology of the cell 36 17251548
2010 CSN complex controls the stability of selected synaptic proteins via a torsinA-dependent process. The EMBO journal 34 21102408
2010 Role of individual subunits of the Neurospora crassa CSN complex in regulation of deneddylation and stability of cullin proteins. PLoS genetics 34 21151958
2009 The COP9 signalosome is required for light-dependent timeless degradation and Drosophila clock resetting. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 32 19176824
2012 The organization of a CSN5-containing subcomplex of the COP9 signalosome. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 23086934
2021 Shared Blood Transcriptomic Signatures between Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 23 33406707
2019 TCTP and CSN4 control cell cycle progression and development by regulating CULLIN1 neddylation in plants and animals. PLoS genetics 22 30695029
2019 COP9 Signalosome CSN4 and CSN5 Subunits Are Involved in Jasmonate-Dependent Defense Against Root-Knot Nematode in Tomato. Frontiers in plant science 20 31649695
2020 Effects of manganese and zinc on the growth process of Phytophthora nicotianae and the possible inhibitory mechanisms. PeerJ 16 32117636
2022 Targeting the COP9 signalosome for cancer therapy. Cancer biology & medicine 13 35315259
2020 Expression and characterization of a novel glycoside hydrolase family 46 chitosanase identified from marine mud metagenome. International journal of biological macromolecules 13 32446901
2014 Electron microscopy and in vitro deneddylation reveal similar architectures and biochemistry of isolated human and Flag-mouse COP9 signalosome complexes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 13 24973710
2014 COP9 subunits 4 and 5 target soluble guanylyl cyclase α1 and p53 in prostate cancer cells. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 9 24725084
2017 A de novo deletion in a boy with cerebral palsy suggests a refined critical region for the 4q21.22 microdeletion syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 7 28371330
2014 Regulation of Cop9 signalosome activity by the EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein tescalcin. Journal of cell science 7 24659803
2022 The E3 ubiquitin ligase RING1 interacts with COP9 Signalosome Subunit 4 to positively regulate resistance to root-knot nematodes in Solanum lycopersicum L. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 6 35659944
2022 mRNA Capture Sequencing and RT-qPCR for the Detection of Pathognomonic, Novel, and Secondary Fusion Transcripts in FFPE Tissue: A Sarcoma Showcase. International journal of molecular sciences 6 36232302
2010 The human COP9 signalosome protects ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 3 (UBC3/Cdc34) from beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (betaTrCP)-mediated degradation. The Journal of biological chemistry 4 20378537
2019 [Effects of CSN4 knockdown on proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells]. Yi chuan = Hereditas 3 30992253
2024 Identification of COP9 signalosome (CSN) subunits and antiviral function analysis of CSN5 in shrimp. Fish & shellfish immunology 1 38844185
2020 Correction: Translationally controlled tumor protein promotes liver regeneration by activating mTORC2/AKT signaling. Cell death & disease 1 32047152
2026 Interaction of CSN4 to DDB1 regulates its stability and function in DNA damage signaling. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 0 41686221

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