| 1997 |
A chain-termination mutation in CRYBB2 is associated with autosomal dominant cerulean cataract, establishing that loss-of-function of βB2-crystallin leads to lens opacity. |
Genetic linkage analysis and mutation sequencing in a cataract family |
Human molecular genetics |
Medium |
9158139
|
| 2000 |
A mutation in exon 6 of CRYBB2 (identical to the cerulean cataract mutation) causes Coppock-like cataract, demonstrating that the same CRYBB2 mutation can produce distinct clinical cataract phenotypes, implying modifier factors influence cataract formation. |
Linkage analysis, mutational analysis by sequencing and ARMS assay |
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science |
Medium |
10634616
|
| 2004 |
A W151C missense mutation in exon 6 of CRYBB2 causes central nuclear cataract; hydropathy analysis predicted increased hydrophobicity at the mutation site, suggesting impaired protein solubility as the pathogenic mechanism. |
PCR, sequencing, protein structural/hydropathy analysis |
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science |
Low |
15452067
|
| 2007 |
βB2-crystallin (crybb2) is upregulated in regenerating retinal ganglion cells; overexpression of crybb2 in RGCs and hippocampal neurons increased axonogenesis, and conditioned medium from crybb2-transfected cells supported axon growth, indicating crybb2 acts as a neurite-promoting factor, likely through an autocrine mechanism involving protein secretion and internalization. |
Proteomics, immunohistochemistry, overexpression/knockdown assays, real-time imaging of GFP-tagged crybb2 internalization, conditioned medium experiments |
Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP |
Medium |
17264069
|
| 2007 |
A D128V mutation in exon 5 of CRYBB2 (outside of exon 6) causes congenital cataract; structural modeling predicted disruption of the random coil structure between amino acids 126–139, increased hydrophobicity, and altered electrostatic potential around the mutation site. |
Sequencing, RFLP, computational structural analysis |
Molecular vision |
Low |
17653036
|
| 2007 |
CRYBB2 mutations in a Chilean cataract family arise from gene conversion from the adjacent pseudogene CRYBB2P1 (>97% homology), demonstrating that pseudogene-mediated gene conversion is a mechanism for generating CRYBB2 pathogenic variants. |
Linkage analysis, gene sequencing, haplotype analysis |
Ophthalmology |
Medium |
17234267
|
| 2008 |
Targeted knockout of mouse Crybb2 does not prevent transparent lens development but causes age-related posterior and anterior cortical cataracts; Crybb2-null lenses showed decreased resistance to heat-induced denaturation and oxidative stress, indicating βB2-crystallin maintains lens transparency by stabilizing other crystallins against thermal and oxidative damage. |
Gene targeting in ES cells, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, immunoblot, 2D gel electrophoresis, heat denaturation assay, oxidative stress assay, electron microscopy |
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science |
High |
18719080
|
| 2008 |
A novel splice-site mutation (A→T at end of intron 5) in mouse Crybb2 causes alternative splicing with a 57-bp insertion and 19 additional amino acids in the protein; βB2-crystallin is expressed in cerebellum, olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus of the brain, and the mutation leads to upregulation of calpain-3 in brain, implicating Ca2+ in the pathological processes. |
Linkage analysis, sequencing, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, differential expression arrays, quantitative RT-PCR |
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science |
Medium |
18385073
|
| 2010 |
A W59C missense mutation and a splice-site variant (G54A) in CRYBB2 cause cataract; the G54A splice-site variant is predicted to cause nonsense-mediated decay or production of a small hybrid protein with dominant-negative function in the lens, demonstrating distinct molecular consequences of the same variant depending on heterozygosity. |
PCR, sequencing, splice-site prediction analysis |
Molecular vision |
Low |
21031021
|
| 2012 |
Crybb2 knockout male mice have reduced fertility associated with disordered germ cell proliferation and apoptosis in the testis; the mechanism involves decreased Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) and reduced Bcl-2 levels, establishing a role for βB2-crystallin in spermatogonial survival signaling. |
Targeted gene knockout, histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, proliferation and apoptosis assays |
International journal of molecular medicine |
Medium |
22948125
|
| 2013 |
The W151C missense mutation in CRYBB2 causes βB2-crystallin to form intracellular aggregates (~34.7% of transfected cells) in human lens epithelial cells, whereas wild-type βB2-crystallin is evenly distributed, demonstrating that the mutation impairs protein solubility and causes abnormal aggregation. |
Cell transfection, fluorescence microscopy, protein aggregation assay in human lens epithelial cells |
PloS one |
Medium |
24312286
|
| 2013 |
The Crybb2 O377 mouse mutant (with a splice-site mutation causing 19-aa insertion) shows altered sensorimotor gating, reduced hippocampal size, increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and apoptosis in hippocampus, elevated calpain-3 expression, downregulated NMDA receptor subunit expression, decreased parvalbumin-positive interneurons, and increased input-to-output neuronal activity in the dentate gyrus, establishing a role for βB2-crystallin in hippocampal network function. |
Behavioral testing (PPI), neuroanatomy, high-speed voltage-sensitive dye imaging, calcium measurement, immunohistochemistry, gene expression analysis |
Mammalian genome |
High |
24096375
|
| 2014 |
Crybb2-deficient female mice have reduced numbers of primordial, secondary, and pre-ovulatory follicles and increased atretic follicles, associated with decreased expression of survival/cell cycle genes Bcl-2, Cdk4, and Ccnd2 in granulosa cells, establishing a role for βB2-crystallin in granulosa cell proliferation and survival. |
Crybb2 knockout mouse model, follicle counting, superovulation assay, hormone measurements, RT-PCR/western blot in granulosa cells |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
25245288
|
| 2018 |
Crybb2 contributes to dendritogenesis in hippocampal neurons in vitro and in vivo; Crybb2 co-localizes with Tmsb4X (thymosin beta-4) at actin-enriched cell ruffles, and Tmsb4X overexpression inhibits dendritogenesis phenocopying Crybb2 knockdown, indicating Crybb2 promotes dendrite morphogenesis through an interaction with the actin-regulatory protein Tmsb4X. |
Crybb2 knockdown, Tmsb4X overexpression, co-localization by immunofluorescence, in vivo and in vitro dendrite morphology analysis |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
29864422
|
| 2018 |
Three distinct Crybb2 mouse mutant lines (O377, Philly, Aey2), all affecting the C-terminal end of the protein, consistently show altered prepulse inhibition (PPI) and reduced parvalbumin-positive interneuron numbers in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), with the direction of PPI change mirroring TRN PV+ cell number, establishing a role for βB2-crystallin in modulating GABAergic interneuron numbers and sensorimotor gating. |
Behavioral phenotyping (PPI, open field, social discrimination, Y-maze), immunohistochemistry for parvalbumin in multiple brain regions across three allelic mutant lines |
Molecular neurobiology |
High |
30291584
|
| 2021 |
The I21N missense mutation in CRYBB2 causes the mutant protein to accumulate around the nucleus (rather than being evenly distributed), decreases protein expression levels, activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), and increases cell apoptosis in HeLa cells, establishing a mechanism by which this mutation causes congenital nuclear cataract. |
Transfection of GFP-fused WT vs. I21N-CRYBB2 into HeLa cells, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry apoptosis assay, RT-qPCR, western blotting, UPR pathway analysis |
Experimental and therapeutic medicine |
Medium |
34650623
|
| 2022 |
A large homozygous genomic deletion in a Pakistani family creates a CRYBB2-CRYBB2P1 fusion gene (exons 1–5 of CRYBB2 fused to exon 6 of CRYBB2P1 harboring the p.Gln155* mutation), causing autosomal recessive congenital cataract, demonstrating a distinct recessive mechanism of CRYBB2 loss-of-function via gene fusion/deletion. |
Linkage analysis, Sanger sequencing, PCR-based chromosome walking |
Human genome variation |
Medium |
36075891
|
| 2026 |
A novel CRYBB2 splice-site variant disrupts normal splicing and is associated with altered βB2-crystallin-linked transcriptional programs and ECM homeostasis including changes in collagen IV/laminin deposition and impaired cell-matrix adhesion; in zebrafish, crybb2 disruption caused lens fiber cell differentiation defects and abnormal hyaloid vascular patterning with altered tracer distribution, partially rescued by crybb2 mRNA, establishing a role for βB2-crystallin in lens ECM homeostasis and lens-vascular interactions. |
WES, Sanger sequencing, RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, immunostaining, cell adhesion assays, zebrafish crybb2 disruption with mRNA rescue, Tg(flk1:EGFP) vascular imaging, tracer assays, single-cell RNA sequencing |
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science |
High |
41989229
|