Affinage

CRP

C-reactive protein · UniProt P02741

Length
224 aa
Mass
25.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CRP (C-reactive protein) is a hepatically-produced pentraxin that acts as a conformationally regulated effector of innate immunity, recognizing damage- and pathogen-associated ligands and coupling them to complement activation and leukocyte signaling (PMID:15829284, PMID:32286427). Its hepatic synthesis is driven by proinflammatory cytokines, principally through the IL-6/JAK/STAT axis, since the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib and the IL-6R-blocking antibody tocilizumab abolish cytokine-, LPS-, and TLR-agonist-induced CRP expression in human hepatocytes (PMID:31654094). This transcriptional output is gated by a nutrient-sensitive circuit in which Sirt1 binds HNF-1α and represses the CRP promoter under nutrient restriction via reduced histone H4K16 acetylation (PMID:21176092), and by an AHR–HIF1α competition for ARNT, whereby high CRP induces HIF1α that displaces AHR from ARNT to oppose AHR-dependent CRP suppression (PMID:31594926). Functionally, the native pentamer (pCRP) binds phosphocholine-containing ligands such as modified LDL and apoptotic cells, and also monosodium urate crystals, in a calcium-dependent manner, fixing C1q/C1r/C1s and activating the classical complement pathway to release the anaphylatoxin C5a more efficiently than IgM (PMID:15829284, PMID:32286427, PMID:35296708). CRP signals to leukocytes through Fcγ receptors (FcγRI/IIa/IIb), via a receptor-binding epitope spanning residues 31–36 (KAFTVC), inducing CCL2/CCL3/CCL4 chemokine secretion from monocytes in a Mac-1/ICAM-1-dependent manner and remodeling chemokine receptor expression (PMID:18591415, PMID:9015762). A central regulatory theme is conformational conversion: calcium-dependent membrane contact converts pCRP into a structural intermediate (mCRP(m)) that enhances complement fixation and dissociates into soluble monomeric CRP (mCRP), the more potently pro-inflammatory isoform that stimulates endothelial cells, platelets, and neutrophils (PMID:17116742, PMID:37781355). mCRP further engages the leptin receptor at its CRH2-FNIII domain (PMID:29910808) and drives p53-dependent GDF15 transcription in endothelial cells (PMID:29967567), and mCRP displayed on extracellular vesicles is elevated in active SLE and correlates with anti-CRP autoantibodies (PMID:37356347).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1993 Medium

    Established that CRP cytokine responsiveness is species-divergent, with mouse Crp induced by IL-1 (post-transcriptionally) rather than IL-6, framing the question of how human CRP is transcriptionally controlled.

    Evidence Primary mouse hepatocyte cytokine stimulation with CAT reporter transfection in Hep 3B2 cells

    PMID:8260597

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not define the human IL-6 transcriptional machinery
    • Post-transcriptional mechanism not molecularly resolved
    • Mouse ortholog may not generalize to human regulation
  2. 1997 High

    Mapped the leukocyte CRP receptor-binding epitope to residues 31–36 (KAFTVC) with AFTV critical for binding and Phe-33/Leu-37 critical for superoxide induction, defining the structural basis of CRP-leukocyte signaling.

    Evidence Synthetic peptide competition, [125I]-CRP binding on monocytes/granulocytes, F(ab')2 inhibition, and superoxide assay in HL-60 cells

    PMID:9015762

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor identity not molecularly defined in this study
    • Preference for heat-modified CRP not linked to a defined conformer
    • Downstream signaling pathway not mapped
  3. 2004 Medium

    Consolidated CRP's core biochemical activities — calcium-dependent phosphocholine ligand binding, complement activation, and Fc receptor engagement — including the observation that CRP-driven complement activation arrests the membrane-damaging terminal complex.

    Evidence Review of binding, complement activation, and Fc receptor assays from prior literature

    PMID:15829284

    Open questions at the time
    • Review synthesis, not primary data
    • Specific Fc receptor isoforms not resolved here
    • Conformational dependence not addressed
  4. 2006 High

    Resolved how a stable serum pentamer becomes pro-inflammatory by showing calcium-dependent membrane binding produces a hybrid intermediate (mCRP(m)) that enhances complement fixation and releases endothelium-stimulating soluble mCRP.

    Evidence Neoepitope-specific antibody probing, electron microscopy, complement fixation, and endothelial cell stimulation assays

    PMID:17116742

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of the membrane intermediate not established
    • Quantitative kinetics of pCRP→mCRP dissociation undefined
    • Receptors mediating endothelial stimulation not identified
  5. 2008 High

    Defined the leukocyte effector mechanism by showing CRP induces CCL2/CCL3/CCL4 via FcγRI/IIa/IIb and an obligatory Mac-1/ICAM-1 interaction, while reprogramming monocyte chemokine receptor expression.

    Evidence Chemokine ELISA, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, neutralizing antibody blockade, and Boyden chamber migration in human adherent monocytes

    PMID:18591415

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not distinguish pCRP vs mCRP isoform responsibility
    • Intracellular signaling downstream of FcγR not mapped
    • In vivo monocyte recruitment not tested
  6. 2011 Medium

    Identified Fcγ receptors as the primary cellular receptors for pentraxins including CRP and provided structural insight into pentraxin-FcγR opsonization via the SAP–FcγRIIa complex.

    Evidence Crystal structure of SAP–FcγRIIa and functional receptor-binding studies (review synthesis)

    PMID:21150611

    Open questions at the time
    • Crystal structure is of SAP, not CRP
    • Direct CRP–FcγR structural details not resolved
    • Single review synthesis
  7. 2011 High

    Revealed nutrient-sensitive transcriptional gating of CRP by demonstrating Sirt1 binds HNF-1α and represses the promoter under nutrient restriction with reduced H4K16 acetylation.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP, luciferase reporter, pharmacological Sirt1 inhibition, and histone modification analysis in mouse primary hepatocytes

    PMID:21176092

    Open questions at the time
    • Demonstrated in mouse Crp ortholog
    • Interplay with cytokine-driven induction not integrated
    • Physiological metabolic triggers not defined
  8. 2018 Medium

    Extended mCRP's receptor repertoire by showing it docks at the leptin receptor CRH2-FNIII domain distinct from the leptin-binding site, validated in human plasma.

    Evidence Molecular docking, solid-phase binding, co-immunoprecipitation from human plasma, and ELISA

    PMID:29910808

    Open questions at the time
    • Docking is computational
    • Single lab, no functional consequence of leptin receptor engagement shown
    • Affinity and competition with leptin not quantified
  9. 2018 Medium

    Defined a downstream transcriptional consequence of CRP on the vasculature by showing CRP induces GDF15 through p53 recruitment to the GDF15 promoter in endothelial cells.

    Evidence Dual-luciferase reporter, ChIP for p53, CRP plasmid transfection, and CRP treatment of human aortic endothelial cells

    PMID:29967567

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor linking CRP to p53 activation not identified
    • Single lab, not independently replicated
    • Isoform responsible not specified
  10. 2019 High

    Established the dominant hepatic induction pathway by showing IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling is required for CRP expression, with ruxolitinib and tocilizumab abolishing cytokine/TLR-driven induction.

    Evidence Primary human hepatocyte and HepaRG treatment, CRP ELISA, mRNA quantification, ruxolitinib dose-response, tocilizumab neutralization, Western blot

    PMID:31654094

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific STAT transcription factor binding to the CRP promoter not directly mapped here
    • Contribution of IL-1/IL-17 arms not dissected
    • Crosstalk with Sirt1/AHR circuits not integrated
  11. 2019 High

    Uncovered an AHR–HIF1α regulatory node where high CRP induces HIF1α that competes with AHR for ARNT, defining a feedback circuit governing pharmacological CRP suppression.

    Evidence Hepatocyte-specific HIF1α conditional knockout, acriflavine inhibition, AHR-ARNT co-IP, and an arthritis animal model with serum CRP measurement

    PMID:31594926

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous (non-drug) physiological role of AHR-ARNT control unclear
    • Direct ARNT/AHR binding to CRP promoter not mapped
    • Integration with IL-6/JAK/STAT not resolved
  12. 2019 Medium

    Demonstrated a CRP–IL-6 positive feedback loop in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cells, where IL-6 induces CRP and CRP enhances IL-6 secretion and invasion via ERK/AKT/STAT3.

    Evidence ELISA, Western blot for phospho-ERK/AKT/STAT3, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and invasion/proliferation assays in BON1/QGP1 cells

    PMID:31234146

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab cell-line model
    • Receptor mediating CRP uptake/signaling not identified
    • Isoform responsible not defined
  13. 2020 High

    Identified CRP as a key serum opsonin of monosodium urate crystals, required for fixation of C1q/C1r/C1s/MASP1 and binding strongly enough to deplete CRP from serum.

    Evidence Affinity purification of MSU crystal-binding proteins, MS identification, complement fixation assay, and CRP depletion experiments

    PMID:32286427

    Open questions at the time
    • Conformational state of CRP on crystals not defined
    • Basis of non-uniform crystal-face binding unexplained
    • In vivo gout relevance not directly tested
  14. 2022 High

    Showed CRP non-redundantly drives classical complement activation on MSU crystals, fixing active C1 and producing C5a more efficiently than IgM.

    Evidence Complement activation assays measuring C4a/C3a/C5a in IgM- and/or CRP-depleted serum, with C1 fixation assay on crystals

    PMID:35296708

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo contribution to gout inflammation not established
    • Isoform-specific contributions not separated
    • Downstream cellular consequences of C5a not measured
  15. 2023 Medium

    Linked CRP conformational isoforms to autoimmunity by detecting mCRP on extracellular vesicle surfaces in SLE, where mCRP+ EVs track with disease activity and anti-CRP autoantibodies.

    Evidence Flow cytometry of CRP isoforms on EVs and anti-mCRP ELISA in 67 SLE patients vs 60 controls

    PMID:37356347

    Open questions at the time
    • Cross-sectional correlation, not causal
    • Mechanism of mCRP loading onto EVs unknown
    • Pathogenic role of anti-mCRP antibodies not demonstrated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CRP's conformational conversion (pCRP→mCRP) is regulated in vivo and integrated with its distinct receptor engagements remains the central open question.
  • No in vivo quantification of pCRP→mCRP conversion rates
  • Definitive molecular identity and structure of the CRP–FcγR complex undefined
  • How the multiple transcriptional regulators (IL-6/STAT, Sirt1-HNF1α, AHR-HIF1α) are integrated is unresolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0008289 lipid binding 1
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2
Partners
C1QAFCGR1AFCGR2AFCGR2BICAM1ITGAMLEPR

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2006 Calcium-dependent binding of pentameric CRP (pCRP) to cell membranes and liposomes induces a partial structural change, producing a hybrid molecule (mCRP(m)) that retains the native pentameric conformation but expresses monomeric CRP subunit antigenicity; this membrane-associated intermediate enhances complement fixation and can further dissociate to release soluble monomeric CRP (mCRP(s)), which potently stimulates endothelial cells. Conformational probing with neoepitope-specific antibodies, electron microscopy, complement fixation assay, endothelial cell stimulation assay FASEB Journal High 17116742
2023 The monomeric CRP isoform (mCRP) drives pro-inflammatory amplification (e.g., activation of platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, endothelial cells, and complement), whereas pentameric CRP (pCRP) exerts weak anti-inflammatory effects; conversion of pCRP to mCRP occurs upon dissociation of subunits and is facilitated by membrane contact, and the two isoforms differ in ligand recognition and effector functions. Review integrating published in vitro bioactivity data, isoform-specific reagents, and structural analysis of each CRP conformer Frontiers in Immunology Medium 37781355
2004 CRP binds phosphocholine (PC)-containing ligands (e.g., modified LDL, apoptotic cells) in a calcium-dependent manner, activates complement, and binds Fc receptors; complement activation by CRP complexes arrests production of the membrane-damaging terminal complement complex. Binding assays, complement activation assays, Fc receptor interaction studies reviewed from prior literature Molecular Immunology Medium 15829284
2011 Fcγ receptors (FcγR) are identified as the primary cellular receptors for the pentraxins CRP and SAP; structural analysis of SAP in complex with FcγRIIa provided mechanistic insight into pentraxin-mediated opsonization and clearance of apoptotic/damaged cells. Crystal structure of SAP–FcγRIIa complex; functional receptor-binding studies Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Medium 21150611
2008 CRP induces release of chemokines CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 from human adherent monocytes through binding to FcγRIIa (CD32a), FcγRIIb (CD32b), and FcγRI (CD64); this effect requires Mac-1 (CD11b)/ICAM-1 interaction, as blockade of this interaction abolished CRP-induced chemokine secretion. CRP also upregulates Mac-1 and ICAM-1 on adherent monocytes and downregulates corresponding chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5 via autocrine chemokine secretion. ELISA for chemokines, flow cytometry for adhesion molecules and receptors, real-time RT-PCR, neutralizing antibody blockade, Boyden chamber migration assay Journal of Leukocyte Biology High 18591415
1997 The leukocyte CRP receptor (CRP-R) recognizes residues 31–36 (KAFTVC) on the surface of each CRP subunit; residues AFTV are critical for receptor binding, and Phe-33 and Leu-37 are critical for CRP-induced superoxide generation in granulocytes. An altered (heat-modified) CRP conformation is preferentially recognized by CRP-R. Competitive binding with synthetic peptides, [125I]-CRP binding assay on monocytes/granulocytes, F(ab')2 inhibition, superoxide generation assay in HL-60 cells Journal of Cellular Biochemistry High 9015762
2018 Monomeric CRP (mCRP) docks at the CRH2-FNIII domain of the leptin receptor (proximal to the cell membrane, distinct from the leptin-binding site), and this interaction was validated by solid-phase binding assay and co-immunoprecipitation of CRP with soluble leptin receptor from human plasma. Molecular docking (bioinformatics), solid-phase binding assay, co-immunoprecipitation from human plasma, ELISA Frontiers in Immunology Medium 29910808
2020 CRP recognizes monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and is required for fixation of complement components C1q, C1r, C1s, and MASP1 onto crystal surfaces; CRP binding is strong enough to specifically deplete CRP from human serum, and its binding is non-uniform, preferentially at edges or distinct crystal faces. Affinity purification of MSU crystal-binding proteins from human serum/plasma, MS identification, complement component fixation assay, CRP depletion experiment Scientific Reports High 32286427
2022 CRP activates the classical complement pathway on MSU crystals more efficiently than natural IgM; CRP is more efficient at fixating active C1 on crystals and inducing release of C5a (the most inflammatory anaphylatoxin), indicating non-redundant functions distinct from IgM-mediated complement activation. Complement activation assays measuring C4a, C3a, C5a in serum depleted of IgM and/or CRP; C1 fixation assay on MSU crystals Scientific Reports High 35296708
2018 CRP induces GDF15 transcription in human aortic endothelial cells through p53; CRP treatment or CRP plasmid transfection increased GDF15 promoter luciferase activity, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) confirmed p53 recruitment to GDF15 promoter binding sites in response to CRP. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), CRP plasmid transfection, in vitro CRP treatment of endothelial cells Mediators of Inflammation Medium 29967567
2011 Sirt1 physically interacts with HNF-1α in vitro and co-localizes with HNF-1α on two HNF-1α binding sites in the Crp promoter in vivo only under nutrient-restricting conditions; this interaction suppresses HNF-1α transcriptional activity and Crp expression in mouse primary hepatocytes, accompanied by decreased acetylation of histone H4 lysine 16 at Crp promoter sites. Co-immunoprecipitation (in vitro and in vivo), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter assay, pharmacological Sirt1 inhibition, primary hepatocyte culture, histone modification analysis Aging Cell High 21176092
2019 CRP production in the liver is suppressed by Leflunomide through an AHR-ARNT transcriptional mechanism; high CRP in vivo upregulates HIF1α, which competes with AHR for ARNT association, thereby interfering with Leflunomide-AHR-CRP signaling. Hepatocyte-specific HIF1α deletion or pharmacological HIF1α inhibition restores AHR-dependent CRP suppression. Hepatocyte-specific HIF1α conditional knockout, pharmacological HIF1α inhibition (acriflavine), co-immunoprecipitation (AHR-ARNT interaction), animal model of arthritis, serum CRP measurement Nature Communications High 31594926
2019 JAK/STAT signaling (specifically the IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway) mediates CRP induction in human hepatocytes; the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib fully inhibits LPS-, cytokine- (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα), and TLR agonist-induced CRP mRNA expression and secretion at nanomolar concentrations; blockade of IL-6 receptor by tocilizumab similarly prevents CRP induction. Primary human hepatocyte and HepaRG cell treatment, CRP ELISA, CRP mRNA quantification, ruxolitinib dose-response, anti-IL-6R antibody (tocilizumab) neutralization, Western blot for JAK/STAT pathway activation Inflammation Research High 31654094
1993 Mouse CRP gene expression is induced approximately 3-fold by IL-1 but not by IL-6 in isolated hepatocytes, in contrast to human CRP which is strongly induced by IL-6; the IL-1-responsive induction appears to occur at a post-transcriptional level, as C/EBP elements in the promoter failed to respond to IL-1 in transfection assays. Primary mouse hepatocyte culture, cytokine stimulation, gene expression analysis, CAT reporter transfection in Hep 3B2 cells Cytokine Medium 8260597
2019 Production of CRP by a pNEN cell line is stimulated by IL-6, which activates ERK, AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways; exogenous CRP in turn increases IL-6 secretion and invasion of pNEN cells, and CRP is taken up by these cells. This CRP-IL-6 positive feedback loop is associated with activation of ERK/AKT/STAT3 pathways. ELISA, Western blot (phospho-ERK, phospho-AKT, phospho-STAT3), flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, invasion and proliferation assays in BON1 and QGP1 pNEN cell lines Endocrine Connections Medium 31234146
2009 CRP production is induced by proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 in the liver; these cytokines signal through their respective receptors on hepatic cells, activating kinases and phosphatases that translocate transcription factors to the CRP gene promoter. Review of cytokine signaling and promoter regulation studies Advances in Clinical Chemistry Low 19803417
2023 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in SLE plasma carry both pentameric CRP (pCRP) and monomeric CRP (mCRP) on their surfaces; mCRP+ but not pCRP+ EVs are elevated in patients with active disease and correlate with anti-CRP autoantibody positivity, suggesting mCRP on EVs as a potential autoantigen in SLE. Flow cytometry for CRP isoforms on EVs, ELISA for anti-mCRP autoantibodies, correlation analysis in 67 SLE patients vs. 60 controls Journal of Autoimmunity Medium 37356347

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2018 What does plasma CRP tell us about peripheral and central inflammation in depression? Molecular psychiatry 353 29895893
2003 Human CRP gene polymorphism influences CRP levels: implications for the prediction and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 258 12842840
1999 Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and risk of death in chronic dialysis patients. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 252 10462277
2006 C-reactive protein (CRP)-lowering agents. Cardiovascular drug reviews 221 16939632
2011 Novel roles of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in regulation of transport and metabolism of carbon sources. PloS one 214 21673794
2017 Association between C-reactive protein (CRP) with depression symptom severity and specific depressive symptoms in major depression. Brain, behavior, and immunity 210 28257825
2007 S100B in neuropathologic states: the CRP of the brain? Journal of neuroscience research 202 17348038
2005 Association of common CRP gene variants with CRP levels and cardiovascular events. Annals of human genetics 192 16266402
2009 Proinflammatory cytokines in CRP baseline regulation. Advances in clinical chemistry 189 19803417
2006 Cell membranes and liposomes dissociate C-reactive protein (CRP) to form a new, biologically active structural intermediate: mCRP(m). FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 171 17116742
1983 Autoregulation of the Escherichia coli crp gene: CRP is a transcriptional repressor for its own gene. Cell 165 6297782
2001 Functional versatility in the CRP-FNR superfamily of transcription factors: FNR and FLP. Advances in microbial physiology 134 11407111
1979 C-reactive protein (CRP) in early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica 127 395815
2004 CRP as a mediator of disease. Circulation 120 15173057
2015 Hs-CRP in stroke: A meta-analysis. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 99 26633855
2012 CRP and suPAR are differently related to anthropometry and subclinical organ damage. International journal of cardiology 98 22459389
2014 C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its Association with Periodontal Disease: A Brief Review. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR 96 25177663
2003 The CRP/MLP/TLP family of LIM domain proteins: acting by connecting. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 89 12539241
2012 Crp is a global regulator of antibiotic production in streptomyces. mBio 88 23232715
2009 CRP and the risk of atherosclerotic events. Seminars in immunopathology 85 19415283
2004 CRP after 2004. Molecular immunology 81 15829284
2009 Lipids, atherosclerosis and CVD risk: is CRP an innocent bystander? Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 80 19695857
2007 Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as severe systemic infection markers in febrile neutropenic adults. BMC infectious diseases 80 18034890
2014 Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with schizophrenia, unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. Nordic journal of psychiatry 74 25495587
2010 The connection between C-reactive protein (CRP) and diabetic vasculopathy. Focus on preclinical findings. Current diabetes reviews 73 20034371
2008 C-reactive protein (CRP) gene polymorphisms, CRP levels, and risk of incident coronary heart disease in two nested case-control studies. PloS one 73 18167554
2016 C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement in geriatric patients hospitalized for acute infection. European journal of internal medicine 70 27594414
2011 Regulatory effects of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) on porin genes and its own gene in Yersinia pestis. BMC microbiology 66 21345179
2004 Evidence for C-reactive protein's role in (CRP) vascular disease: atherothrombosis, immuno-regulation and CRP. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 59 15306744
2018 C-reactive protein (CRP) and long-term air pollution with a focus on ultrafine particles. International journal of hygiene and environmental health 58 29428699
2004 C-reactive protein (CRP) and autoimmune disease: facts and conjectures. Clinical & developmental immunology 58 15559367
2014 Role of C reactive protein (CRP) in leptin resistance. Current pharmaceutical design 57 23688010
2020 How handling extreme C-reactive protein (CRP) values and regularization influences CRP and depression criteria associations in network analyses. Brain, behavior, and immunity 54 33342465
2016 Evaluation of IL-6, CRP and hs-CRP as Early Markers of Neonatal Sepsis. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR 53 27437213
2018 C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Leptin Receptor in Obesity: Binding of Monomeric CRP to Leptin Receptor. Frontiers in immunology 48 29910808
2006 Association study of CRP gene polymorphisms with serum CRP level and cardiovascular risk in the NHLBI Family Heart Study. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 48 16731635
2011 Pentraxins (CRP, SAP) in the process of complement activation and clearance of apoptotic bodies through Fcγ receptors. Current opinion in organ transplantation 47 21150611
2008 C-reactive protein (CRP) induces chemokine secretion via CD11b/ICAM-1 interaction in human adherent monocytes. Journal of leukocyte biology 47 18591415
2001 CRP modulates fis transcription by alternate formation of activating and repressing nucleoprotein complexes. The Journal of biological chemistry 46 11279109
2009 Transcriptional effects of CRP* expression in Escherichia coli. Journal of biological engineering 45 19703305
2008 C-reactive protein (CRP): more than just an innocent bystander? Current medical research and opinion 44 18021498
2023 A biofunctional review of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a mediator of inflammatory and immune responses: differentiating pentameric and modified CRP isoform effects. Frontiers in immunology 42 37781355
2019 HIF1α inhibition facilitates Leflunomide-AHR-CRP signaling to attenuate bone erosion in CRP-aberrant rheumatoid arthritis. Nature communications 42 31594926
2013 Enhancing E. coli isobutanol tolerance through engineering its global transcription factor cAMP receptor protein (CRP). Biotechnology and bioengineering 40 24203355
2009 Is there a relationship between high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and dementia? Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 40 19836632
2018 CRP Stimulates GDF15 Expression in Endothelial Cells through p53. Mediators of inflammation 39 29967567
2009 Sxy induces a CRP-S regulon in Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 38 19502395
2007 Genome scale portrait of cAMP-receptor protein (CRP) regulons in mycobacteria points to their role in pathogenesis. Gene 37 18022770
2009 CRP in cardiovascular disease. Herz 34 20024640
2014 Rewiring global regulator cAMP receptor protein (CRP) to improve E. coli tolerance towards low pH. Journal of biotechnology 33 24452100
2008 New evidences for C-reactive protein (CRP) deposits in the arterial intima as a cardiovascular risk factor. Clinical interventions in aging 33 18686755
2007 C-reactive protein (CRP) as a marker in peripheral vascular disease. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 33 17296319
2010 Usefulness of CRP and ESR in predicting septic joints. Southern medical journal 32 20710134
2017 Rapid and Low-Cost CRP Measurement by Integrating a Paper-Based Microfluidic Immunoassay with Smartphone (CRP-Chip). Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 31 28346363
2007 CRP gene haplotypes, serum CRP, and cerebral small-vessel disease: the Rotterdam Scan Study and the MEMO Study. Stroke 31 17600233
2021 The association of anxiety and stress-related disorders with C-reactive protein (CRP) within UK Biobank. Brain, behavior, & immunity - health 30 35028602
2011 CRP 1846G>A polymorphism increases risk of frailty. Maturitas 30 22192441
2002 MetR and CRP bind to the Vibrio harveyi lux promoters and regulate luminescence. Molecular microbiology 30 12366834
1994 Androgen-dependent expression of cystatin-related protein (CRP) in the exorbital lacrimal gland of the rat. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 30 8142291
2020 Role of C-reactive Protein(CRP) or high-sensitivity CRP in predicting gestational diabetes Mellitus:Systematic review. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome 29 32247209
2018 Pentraxins CRP-I and CRP-II are post-translationally deiminated and differ in tissue specificity in cod (Gadus morhua L.) ontogeny. Developmental and comparative immunology 29 29777721
2008 CRP binding and transcription activation at CRP-S sites. Journal of molecular biology 28 18761017
2017 An acetylatable lysine controls CRP function in E. coli. Molecular microbiology 26 29105190
2010 Anti-CRP antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Joint bone spine 26 20627790
2009 The interaction of adiposity with the CRP gene affects CRP levels: age, gene/environment susceptibilty-Reykjavik study. International journal of obesity (2005) 26 19139754
2009 Computational prediction of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) binding sites in cyanobacterial genomes. BMC genomics 26 19146659
2008 Comparison of procalcitonin and CrP in the postoperative course after lung decortication. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 26 18374593
2023 C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is Associated With Chronic Pain Independently of Biopsychosocial Factors. The journal of pain 24 37741522
2021 Pronounced Diurnal Pattern of Salivary C-Reactive Protein (CRP) With Modest Associations to Circulating CRP Levels. Frontiers in immunology 24 33488610
2012 Neighborhoods and systemic inflammation: high CRP among legal and unauthorized Brazilian migrants. Health & place 24 22401803
2021 Role and Perspectives of Inflammation and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Psychosis: An Economic and Widespread Tool for Assessing the Disease. International journal of molecular sciences 23 34884840
2006 A multitude of CRP/FNR-like transcription proteins in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Biochemical Society transactions 23 16417509
1993 The mouse C-reactive protein (CRP) gene is expressed in response to IL-1 but not IL-6. Cytokine 23 8260597
1993 The C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with long bone fractures and after arthroplasty. International orthopaedics 23 8340178
2021 C-reactive protein (CRP) as a biomarker of pulmonary exacerbation presentation and treatment response. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society 22 34933824
2015 Engineering of global regulator cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in Escherichia coli for improved lycopene production. Journal of biotechnology 22 25687103
2019 Potent repression of C-reactive protein (CRP) expression by the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in inflammatory human hepatocytes. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 21 31654094
2017 The Global Regulatory Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein (CRP) Controls Multifactorial Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 21 28874380
1986 CRP and neutrophils: functional effects and complex uptake. Clinical and experimental immunology 21 3708910
2019 C-reactive protein (CRP) promotes malignant properties in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocrine connections 20 31234146
2011 A nutrient-sensitive interaction between Sirt1 and HNF-1α regulates Crp expression. Aging cell 20 21176092
2023 The Diagnostic Value of Inflammatory Markers (CRP, IL6, CRP/IL6, CRP/L, LCR) for Assessing the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms Based on the MEWS and Predicting the Risk of Mortality. Journal of inflammation research 19 37250104
2023 Biosensors; noninvasive method in detection of C-reactive protein (CRP). Biomedical microdevices 19 37498420
2011 Pentraxins: CRP and PTX3 and cardiovascular disease. Inflammation & allergy drug targets 19 21539513
2007 Dynamics of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and cosmophysical activity. European journal of internal medicine 19 17338964
2021 Temporal evolution of master regulator Crp identifies pyrimidines as catabolite modulator factors. Nature communications 18 34620864
2020 C-reactive protein (CRP) recognizes uric acid crystals and recruits proteases C1 and MASP1. Scientific reports 17 32286427
2017 C-reactive Protein (CRP) as a Single Biomarker for Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis. Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ 17 28588174
2014 Using CRP in neonatal practice. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 17 24438497
2011 Serum CRP in patients with gout and effects of benzbromarone. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 17 21329621
2005 The antimicrobial properties of C-reactive protein (CRP). Journal of endotoxin research 17 16176663
2016 Association of CRP gene polymorphisms with CRP levels, frailty and co-morbidity in an elderly Chinese population: results from RuLAS. Age and ageing 16 27016573
2018 ChIP-exo interrogation of Crp, DNA, and RNAP holoenzyme interactions. PloS one 15 29771928
2016 Paper-based CRP Monitoring Devices. Scientific reports 15 27910861
1992 Rapid C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation 15 1455149
2023 Extracellular vesicles opsonized by monomeric C-reactive protein (CRP) are accessible as autoantigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and associate with autoantibodies against CRP. Journal of autoimmunity 14 37356347
2020 Circulating CRP and calprotectin to diagnose CF pulmonary exacerbations. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society 14 32475777
1997 Binding site on human C-reactive protein (CRP) recognized by the leukocyte CRP-receptor. Journal of cellular biochemistry 14 9015762
2022 Natural antibodies and CRP drive anaphylatoxin production by urate crystals. Scientific reports 13 35296708
2021 Curcumin Can Bind and Interact with CRP: An in silico Study. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 13 33861438

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