Affinage

CPD

Carboxypeptidase D · UniProt O75976

Round 2 corrected
Length
1380 aa
Mass
152.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Carboxypeptidase D (CPD/gp180) is a type I transmembrane metallocarboxypeptidase with three carboxypeptidase-like domains, of which the first two harbor enzymatic activity (pH optimum 5.5–6.5) while the third mediates binding to the pre-S protein of duck hepatitis B virus, functioning as the primary receptor for avian hepadnavirus attachment and internalization (PMID:9525948, PMID:9733850). CPD is concentrated in the trans-Golgi network where it cycles to the cell surface via trafficking signals in its cytoplasmic tail, including a FxxL internalization motif and casein kinase II phosphorylation sites within an acidic cluster (PMID:9490632, PMID:9880325). On intestinal epithelial cells, CPD functions as a non-classical, carbohydrate-dependent CD8α ligand that forms a surface complex with CD1d, coordinating p56lck and p59fyn signaling for CD8+ T cell activation; its expression is defective in inflammatory bowel disease (PMID:9139738, PMID:10473580, PMID:9329971).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Identification of duck gp180 as a novel carboxypeptidase-family glycoprotein that binds DHBV particles resolved the molecular identity of the avian hepadnavirus receptor.

    Evidence Protein purification from duck liver, cDNA cloning, and virus-binding assay

    PMID:7797483

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether gp180 alone is sufficient for viral entry was untested
    • Enzymatic activity of individual domains not yet dissected
    • Mammalian homolog not yet identified
  2. 1997 High

    Cloning of the mammalian CPD homolog and demonstration of its low-pH metallocarboxypeptidase activity established that the enzyme is conserved across vertebrates with a catalytic profile distinct from all known regulatory B-type carboxypeptidases.

    Evidence Partial cDNA cloning, recombinant expression in bacteria, enzyme activity assays, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot in human fibroblasts and mouse macrophages

    PMID:9064476

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length mammalian sequence and chromosomal location unknown
    • Physiological substrates not identified
    • Subcellular localization in mammalian cells not determined
  3. 1997 High

    Discovery that intestinal epithelial gp180/CPD is a CD8α ligand that selectively activates p56lck revealed an unexpected immunological function for a carboxypeptidase, linking it to mucosal T cell regulation.

    Evidence Flow cytometry, T cell binding assay, and p56lck phosphorylation assay using CD8/CD4 transfectants on intestinal epithelial cells

    PMID:9139738

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of CD8 binding (carbohydrate vs. protein epitope) not resolved
    • Relationship to MHC class I–CD8 interaction unknown
    • Whether enzymatic and immune functions are independent not tested
  4. 1997 Medium

    Loss of CPD expression on intestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease correlated with aberrant lck signaling, implicating CPD in mucosal immune homeostasis and IBD pathogenesis.

    Evidence Immunohistochemistry on frozen sections from ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients, flow cytometry, and p56lck phosphorylation assay

    PMID:9329971

    Open questions at the time
    • Correlative association — causal role of CPD loss in IBD not established
    • Sample size and patient heterogeneity not fully addressed
    • Mechanism of CPD downregulation in IBD unknown
  5. 1998 High

    Mapping enzymatic activity to domains A and B and pre-S binding to domain C demonstrated that CPD's carboxypeptidase and viral receptor functions are structurally and functionally separable.

    Evidence Baculovirus expression of soluble gp180, enzyme kinetics, inhibitor profiling, and deletion mutagenesis in 293T cells

    PMID:9525948

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for domain C–pre-S interaction not resolved
    • Whether domain C has any residual catalytic or regulatory function unknown
    • No crystal structure available
  6. 1998 High

    Functional receptor studies confirmed CPD/gp180 is the primary attachment and internalization receptor for DHBV but showed that a species-specific coreceptor is required for full viral entry, defining the limits of gp180-mediated infection.

    Evidence Competitive infection inhibition, soluble receptor blocking, and fluorescent viral particle internalization imaging in transfected heterologous hepatoma cells

    PMID:9733850

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the species-specific coreceptor unknown
    • Post-internalization trafficking pathway for virus not mapped
    • Relevance to mammalian hepadnavirus entry not established
  7. 1998 High

    Localization of CPD to the TGN with cycling to the plasma surface established a trafficking itinerary analogous to furin, suggesting CPD processes substrates in the late secretory pathway.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence co-localization with TGN markers, antibody internalization assays, and brefeldin A treatment in AtT-20 pituitary cells

    PMID:9490632

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific TGN sorting signals not yet mapped
    • Whether CPD processes neuropeptide precursors in this compartment not tested
    • Adaptor proteins mediating TGN retrieval not identified
  8. 1999 High

    Systematic mutagenesis of the CPD cytoplasmic tail identified a FxxL internalization motif and casein kinase II–phosphorylated acidic cluster as discrete elements governing TGN retention and surface retrieval, explaining the molecular basis of its intracellular cycling.

    Evidence Expression of truncation and point mutants in AtT-20 cells with immunofluorescence and protein turnover assays

    PMID:9880325

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration of CKII phosphorylation in vivo not shown
    • Adaptor proteins (e.g., PACS-1) that recognize these signals not identified in this study
    • Whether tail signals regulate enzymatic access to substrates is unknown
  9. 1999 High

    Demonstration that CPD forms a surface complex with CD1d and that the complex coordinates dual kinase activation (p56lck via CPD–CD8 and p59fyn via CD1d–TCR) provided a mechanistic model for how intestinal epithelial cells activate CD8+ T cells.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ELISA, blocking monoclonal antibodies, and CD1d transfectant functional assays measuring p56lck and p59fyn phosphorylation

    PMID:10473580

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of CPD–CD1d interaction not resolved
    • Whether the complex presents lipid antigens via CD1d concurrently with CPD–CD8 engagement is untested
    • In vivo relevance of CPD–CD1d complex for mucosal immunity not demonstrated
  10. 2002 High

    Establishing that CPD–CD8α binding is carbohydrate-dependent and uses sites distinct from classical MHC class I defined CPD as a structurally and mechanistically non-classical CD8 ligand.

    Evidence Soluble gp180 binding to CD8-Fc fusion proteins, absorption with CD8α/CD4 transfected cells, carbohydrate-dependency testing, and competitive binding with MHC class I

    PMID:11890713

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific glycan structures required for CD8 binding not identified
    • Whether CPD enzymatic activity influences its CD8 ligand function not tested
    • No in vivo genetic model confirming the immune function of CPD

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The physiological substrates of CPD's carboxypeptidase activity, the structural basis of its multi-domain architecture, and whether its enzymatic and immune functions intersect in vivo remain unresolved.
  • No endogenous substrates definitively identified
  • No crystal or cryo-EM structure of any CPD domain
  • No genetic knockout or knockdown phenotype reported in mammals
  • Functional link between enzymatic activity and CD8 ligand or viral receptor roles untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 3 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 5 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3
Partners
CD1DCD8A
Complex memberships
CPD–CD1d surface complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 Duck gp180, a host cell glycoprotein that binds duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) particles via the pre-S region of the large envelope protein, was purified and its cDNA cloned, revealing it is a novel member of the basic carboxypeptidase gene family with three carboxypeptidase-like domains. Protein purification from duck liver, cDNA cloning, DNA sequence analysis, virus-binding assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 7797483
1997 A membrane-bound carboxypeptidase in human skin fibroblasts and mouse macrophages was identified as the mammalian homolog of duck gp180/carboxypeptidase D, exhibiting low-pH (regulatory B-type metallocarboxypeptidase) enzymatic activity distinct from carboxypeptidases B, E, M, N, and U. Partial cDNA cloning, recombinant protein expression in bacteria, enzyme activity assays, immunoprecipitation, Western blot Life sciences High 9064476
1997 Intestinal epithelial cell gp180 (carboxypeptidase D) is a 180-kDa glycoprotein that exists in two forms — an apically sorted GPI-anchored form and a basolateral transmembrane form — is heavily N-glycosylated, binds to peripheral blood T cells, activates p56lck, and selectively activates p56lck through CD8α but not CD4, identifying it as a novel CD8 ligand. SDS-PAGE, Western blot, N-glycanase treatment, flow cytometry, T cell binding assay, p56lck phosphorylation assay using CD8/CD4 transfectants The Journal of biological chemistry High 9139738
1998 Soluble duck gp180 (a 170-kDa form lacking the C-terminal transmembrane domain) expressed in a baculovirus system displayed metallocarboxypeptidase D-like enzymatic activity, cleaving substrates with a pH optimum of 5.5–6.5 and Km values of 12–21 µM. Deletion analysis showed that the third carboxypeptidase domain is responsible for pre-S (DHBV envelope protein) binding, while carboxypeptidase activity resides in the first and second domains and is not required for viral pre-S binding. Baculovirus expression, enzyme kinetics with fluorescent substrates, inhibitor profiling, deletion mutagenesis, expression in 293T cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 9525948
1998 Carboxypeptidase D (gp180) was demonstrated to be the cellular receptor for avian hepatitis B viruses (DHBV): it was the only host protein binding with high affinity to the pre-S ectodomain of the large DHBV envelope protein; a pre-S subdomain matching the receptor-binding domain competed with viral infection; soluble gp180 inhibited DHBV infection; and expression of gp180 in a heterologous hepatoma cell line mediated viral particle attachment and internalization into vesicular structures. However, gp180 expression alone did not render cells permissive, indicating a species-specific coreceptor is required for full viral entry. Competitive infection inhibition assay, soluble receptor inhibition, fluorescent viral particle internalization imaging in transfected cells, co-isolation/binding assays Journal of virology High 9733850
1998 Human and mouse carboxypeptidase D (gp180 homologs) were cloned from HepG2 cells and mouse liver; they encode 1380 and 1377 amino acid proteins with three carboxypeptidase homologous domains (A, B, C). Domains A and B retain conserved catalytic residues; domain C does not. Expression of human CPD in 293T cells conferred carboxypeptidase activity. Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapped the human CPD gene to chromosome region 17q11.2. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, heterologous expression in 293T cells, radiometric carboxypeptidase activity assay, FISH chromosomal mapping, Northern blot Gene High 9714835
1998 CPD (gp180) is concentrated in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in AtT-20 mouse pituitary corticotroph cells, co-localizing with furin and wheat germ agglutinin markers, and cycles to the cell surface and back. CPD is present in the TGN even under brefeldin A treatment, and antibodies to the full-length protein (but not to the C-terminal cytosolic tail) are internalized within 15–30 minutes to a furin-positive compartment, distinguishable from transferrin recycling endosomes. Immunofluorescence microscopy, co-localization with TGN markers, antibody internalization assay, brefeldin A treatment, subcellular fractionation Journal of cell science High 9490632
1999 Multiple sequence elements in the 58-residue cytoplasmic C-terminal tail of gp180/CPD mediate TGN localization and intracellular trafficking: truncation of the C-terminal 56 residues abolished TGN enrichment and surface retrieval; a FxxL-like motif (mutated to AxxL) slowed internalization from the cell surface; and casein kinase II phosphorylation sites within an acidic cluster regulated trafficking. Truncation of 12–43 residues reduced TGN retention and accelerated protein turnover, while deletion of C-terminal 45 residues caused cell surface accumulation. Expression of full-length and deletion/point mutants in AtT-20 cells, immunofluorescence microscopy, protein turnover assays, site-directed mutagenesis Molecular biology of the cell High 9880325
1997 Intestinal epithelial cell gp180 (CPD) expression is defective in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): normal bowel shows bright gp180 staining on all intestinal epithelial cells, while both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease specimens show patchy or absent staining. Loss of gp180 expression correlates with altered CD8-associated p56lck activation — IBD intestinal epithelial cells activated CD4- as well as CD8-associated lck, unlike normal cells which selectively activate CD8-lck. Immunohistochemistry on frozen sections, flow cytometry, p56lck phosphorylation assay The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 9329971
1999 On intestinal epithelial cells, gp180 (CPD) forms a complex with the non-classical MHC class I molecule CD1d on the cell surface, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and ELISA. Functional dissection showed that gp180/CD8 interaction activates p56lck, while CD1d/TCR interaction activates p59fyn, and the CD1d-gp180 complex coordinates both signals for full CD8+ T cell activation by intestinal epithelial cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, ELISA, blocking monoclonal antibodies (anti-gp180 mAb B9, anti-CD1d mAb D5), CD1d transfectant functional assays measuring p56lck and p59fyn phosphorylation The Journal of biological chemistry High 10473580
2002 Soluble gp180 (CPD) binds directly to CD8-Fc fusion proteins and is absorbed by human CD8α (but not CD4) transfected murine T cells; this binding is dependent on carbohydrate moieties on gp180 and uses sites distinct from those used by the conventional CD8 ligand MHC class I, establishing CPD as a non-classical CD8 ligand on intestinal epithelial cells. Soluble gp180 binding to CD8-Fc fusion proteins, absorption assay with CD8α/CD4 transfected cells, carbohydrate-dependency testing, competitive binding with MHC class I Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) High 11890713

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2003 Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry. Nature biotechnology 1176 12754519
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2018 High-Density Proximity Mapping Reveals the Subcellular Organization of mRNA-Associated Granules and Bodies. Molecular cell 580 29395067
2021 Multilevel proteomics reveals host perturbations by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Nature 532 33845483
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2015 A Dynamic Protein Interaction Landscape of the Human Centrosome-Cilium Interface. Cell 433 26638075
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
2004 Crystal structure of a photolyase bound to a CPD-like DNA lesion after in situ repair. Science (New York, N.Y.) 297 15576622
2020 Virus-Host Interactome and Proteomic Survey Reveal Potential Virulence Factors Influencing SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis. Med (New York, N.Y.) 291 32838362
2017 Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies HNRNPL as a prostate cancer dependency regulating RNA splicing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 282 28611215
2009 Proteomic analysis of human parotid gland exosomes by multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Journal of proteome research 237 19199708
2011 Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network of the human liver. Molecular systems biology 207 21988832
2018 An AP-MS- and BioID-compatible MAC-tag enables comprehensive mapping of protein interactions and subcellular localizations. Nature communications 201 29568061
2007 CPD damage recognition by transcribing RNA polymerase II. Science (New York, N.Y.) 201 17290000
2005 Powerful skin cancer protection by a CPD-photolyase transgene. Current biology : CB 170 15668165
1998 Transcription of the Arabidopsis CPD gene, encoding a steroidogenic cytochrome P450, is negatively controlled by brassinosteroids. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 157 9675902
2020 A High-Density Human Mitochondrial Proximity Interaction Network. Cell metabolism 148 32877691
2008 Systematic identification of mRNAs recruited to argonaute 2 by specific microRNAs and corresponding changes in transcript abundance. PloS one 148 18461144
2009 Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of HuR by heat shock. The EMBO journal 142 19322201
1985 A T-lymphoma transmembrane glycoprotein (gp180) is linked to the cytoskeletal protein, fodrin. The Journal of cell biology 141 3874872
2019 Mapping the proximity interaction network of the Rho-family GTPases reveals signalling pathways and regulatory mechanisms. Nature cell biology 137 31871319
2012 Alterations of red blood cell metabolome during cold liquid storage of erythrocyte concentrates in CPD-SAGM. Journal of proteomics 127 22465715
2019 The Functional Proximal Proteome of Oncogenic Ras Includes mTORC2. Molecular cell 124 30639242
2012 CYP90A1/CPD, a brassinosteroid biosynthetic cytochrome P450 of Arabidopsis, catalyzes C-3 oxidation. The Journal of biological chemistry 123 22822057
1995 gp180, a host cell glycoprotein that binds duck hepatitis B virus particles, is encoded by a member of the carboxypeptidase gene family. The Journal of biological chemistry 121 7797483
2017 The human cytoplasmic dynein interactome reveals novel activators of motility. eLife 118 28718761
2021 Paralog knockout profiling identifies DUSP4 and DUSP6 as a digenic dependence in MAPK pathway-driven cancers. Nature genetics 116 34857952
2005 Differential biologic effects of CPD and 6-4PP UV-induced DNA damage on the induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. BMC cancer 113 16236176
2021 Systematically defining selective autophagy receptor-specific cargo using autophagosome content profiling. Molecular cell 105 33545068
2023 ESCRT-dependent STING degradation inhibits steady-state and cGAMP-induced signalling. Nature communications 104 36739287
2017 Mammalian APE1 controls miRNA processing and its interactome is linked to cancer RNA metabolism. Nature communications 99 28986522
2014 RSPO-LGR4 functions via IQGAP1 to potentiate Wnt signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 24639526
1977 The in vivo survival of red blood cells stored in modified CPD with adenine: report of a multi-institutional cooperative effort. Transfusion 92 878003
1998 Intracellular trafficking of metallocarboxypeptidase D in AtT-20 cells: localization to the trans-Golgi network and recycling from the cell surface. Journal of cell science 91 9490632
2019 RIPK1 inhibitor Cpd-71 attenuates renal dysfunction in cisplatin-treated mice via attenuating necroptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Clinical science (London, England : 1979) 75 31315969
1998 Carboxypeptidase D (gp180), a Golgi-resident protein, functions in the attachment and entry of avian hepatitis B viruses. Journal of virology 69 9733850
1997 Defective expression of gp180, a novel CD8 ligand on intestinal epithelial cells, in inflammatory bowel disease. The Journal of clinical investigation 68 9329971
1992 Tyrosine phosphatase activity of lymphoma CD45 (GP180) is regulated by a direct interaction with the cytoskeleton. The Journal of biological chemistry 67 1400466
2014 Sepsis affects most routine and cell population data (CPD) obtained using the Sysmex XN-2000 blood cell analyzer: neutrophil-related CPD NE-SFL and NE-WY provide useful information for detecting sepsis. International journal of laboratory hematology 65 24867378
2009 Continuous venovenous haemodialysis (CVVHD) and continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) in the acute management of 21 children with inborn errors of metabolism. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 58 19934086
2006 Diurnal regulation of the brassinosteroid-biosynthetic CPD gene in Arabidopsis. Plant physiology 57 16531479
1998 Avian hepatitis B virus infection is initiated by the interaction of a distinct pre-S subdomain with the cellular receptor gp180. Journal of virology 56 9733849
2007 Increase in CPD photolyase activity functions effectively to prevent growth inhibition caused by UVB radiation. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 54 17397507
2006 Structure-function analysis of the kinase-CPD domain of yeast tRNA ligase (Trl1) and requirements for complementation of tRNA splicing by a plant Trl1 homolog. Nucleic acids research 52 16428247
2020 Reviewing the value of leukocytes cell population data (CPD) in the management of sepsis. Annals of translational medicine 50 32953753
1993 Half-strength citrate CPD combined with a new additive solution for improved storage of red blood cells suitable for clinical use. Vox sanguinis 50 8310679
2013 High-resolution characterization of CPD hotspot formation in human fibroblasts. Nucleic acids research 49 24137003
2016 Clinical significance of cell population data (CPD) on Sysmex XN-9000 in septic patients with our without liver impairment. Annals of translational medicine 48 27942509
1997 Characterization of a 180-kDa intestinal epithelial cell membrane glycoprotein, gp180. A candidate molecule mediating t cell-epithelial cell interactions. The Journal of biological chemistry 48 9139738
1998 gp180, a protein that binds duck hepatitis B virus particles, has metallocarboxypeptidase D-like enzymatic activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 9525948
2011 Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase repairs ultraviolet-B-induced CPDs in rice chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 46 21251107
1979 The storage of hard-packed red blood cells in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) and CPD-adenine (CPDA-1). Blood 45 444671
1999 Sequences within the cytoplasmic domain of gp180/carboxypeptidase D mediate localization to the trans-Golgi network. Molecular biology of the cell 44 9880325
2007 Structure and dynamics of poly(T) single-strand DNA: implications toward CPD formation. The journal of physical chemistry. B 43 18052367
1995 Buffy-coat-derived platelet concentrates prepared from half-strength citrate CPD and CPD whole-blood units. Comparison between three additive solutions: in vitro studies. Vox sanguinis 43 7625071
1985 Phosphorylation of the postsynaptic density glycoprotein gp180 by endogenous tyrosine kinase. Brain research 43 4039619
2001 Fowlpox virus encodes a novel DNA repair enzyme, CPD-photolyase, that restores infectivity of UV light-damaged virus. Journal of virology 41 11160666
1995 Evaluation of a new citrate-acetate-NaCl platelet additive solution for the storage of white cell-reduced platelet concentrates obtained from half-strength CPD pooled buffy coats. Transfusion 41 7998070
2019 Improvement in detecting sepsis using leukocyte cell population data (CPD). Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 37 30838839
2004 Investigation of the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase DNA recognition mechanism by NMR analyses. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 15169780
2002 Diurnal change of cucumber CPD photolyase gene (CsPHR) expression and its physiological role in growth under UV-B irradiation. Plant & cell physiology 36 11917089
1983 Characterization of biochemical changes occurring during storage of red cells. Comparative studies with CPD and CPDA-1 anticoagulant-preservative solutions. Transfusion 35 6649025
1999 The nonclassical class I molecule CD1d associates with the novel CD8 ligand gp180 on intestinal epithelial cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 33 10473580
2009 Increased DNA repair in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CPD photolyase. Planta 30 19521716
1999 Erythrocytes stored in CPD SAG-mannitol: evaluation of their deformability. Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation 29 10711766
1993 Coagulation parameters of CPD fresh-frozen plasma and CPD cryoprecipitate-poor plasma after storage at 4 degrees C for 28 days. Transfusion 29 8212120
2013 Transfection of pseudouridine-modified mRNA encoding CPD-photolyase leads to repair of DNA damage in human keratinocytes: a new approach with future therapeutic potential. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology 28 24211294
1985 Phosphorylation of the postsynaptic density glycoprotein gp180 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Journal of neurochemistry 28 2993521
2020 Rutaecarpine derivative Cpd-6c alleviates acute kidney injury by targeting PDE4B, a key enzyme mediating inflammation in cisplatin nephropathy. Biochemical pharmacology 27 32622666
2017 Continuing professional development (CPD) in radiography: A collaborative European meta-ethnography literature review. Radiography (London, England : 1995) 27 28780954
1979 Complement components detected on normal red blood cells taken into EDTA and CPD. Vox sanguinis 27 115154
2006 Fluorinated Cpd 5, a pure arylating K-vitamin derivative, inhibits human hepatoma cell growth by inhibiting Cdc25 and activating MAPK. Biochemical pharmacology 26 16930563
2003 DNA polymerase beta can incorporate ribonucleotides during DNA synthesis of undamaged and CPD-damaged DNA. Journal of molecular biology 26 12927538
2014 First characterisation of a CPD-class I photolyase from a UV-resistant extremophile isolated from High-Altitude Andean Lakes. Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 25 24637630
2011 The Potorous CPD photolyase rescues a cryptochrome-deficient mammalian circadian clock. PloS one 25 21858120
2020 The DASH-type Cryptochrome from the Fungus Mucor circinelloides Is a Canonical CPD-Photolyase. Current biology : CB 24 32946746
1990 Phosphorylation of proteins of the postsynaptic density: effect of development on protein tyrosine kinase and phosphorylation of the postsynaptic density glycoprotein, PSD-GP180. Journal of neuroscience research 23 2325159
1983 Storage of red cell concentrates in CPD-A2 for 42 and 49 days. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 22 6854134
2018 Circulating programmed death ligand-1 (cPD-L1) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Oncotarget 20 29707129
2003 Antitumor and anticarcinogenic actions of Cpd 5: a new class of protein phosphatase inhibitor. Carcinogenesis 20 12663499
1997 Identification of a membrane-bound carboxypeptidase as the mammalian homolog of duck gp180, a hepatitis B virus-binding protein. Life sciences 20 9064476
1986 In vitro effect on stored red blood cells and platelets after a 15-hour delayed refrigeration of whole blood prior to component preparation in CPD-AD. Vox sanguinis 20 3716287
1980 The in vitro evaluation of modifications in CPD-adenine anticoagulated-preserved blood at various hematocrits. Transfusion 20 7404640
2024 Cpd-A1 alleviates acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 19 38641746
2020 A two-photon fluorescence, carbonized polymer dot (CPD)-based, wide range pH nanosensor: a view from the surface state. Nanoscale 19 32286603
2020 Genome-Wide Mapping of UV-Induced DNA Damage with CPD-Seq. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 19 32681485
2019 Fluorescently-labelled CPD and 6-4PP photolyases: new tools for live-cell DNA damage quantification and laser-assisted repair. Nucleic acids research 19 30698791
2019 Chrysanthemum Morifolium Extract And Ascorbic Acid-2-Glucoside (AA2G) Blend Inhibits UVA-Induced Delayed Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Production In Melanocytes. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 19 32009811
2002 A non-class I MHC intestinal epithelial surface glycoprotein, gp180, binds to CD8. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 19 11890713
1998 Cloning, functional expression, and chromosomal localization of the human and mouse gp180-carboxypeptidase D-like enzyme. Gene 19 9714835
2017 New ligation independent cloning vectors for expression of recombinant proteins with a self-cleaving CPD/6xHis-tag. BMC biotechnology 18 28056928
2022 Photorepair of Either CPD or 6-4PP DNA Lesions in Basal Keratinocytes Attenuates Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Effects in Nucleotide Excision Repair Deficient Mice. Frontiers in immunology 17 35422806
2010 Investigation of excess-electron transfer in DNA double-duplex systems allows estimation of absolute excess-electron transfer and CPD cleavage rates. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 17 21207617
2022 Cpd-42 protects against calcium oxalate nephrocalcinosis-induced renal injury and inflammation by targeting RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. Frontiers in pharmacology 16 36408256
2016 Functional analyses of Populus euphratica brassinosteroid biosynthesis enzyme genes DWF4 (PeDWF4) and CPD (PeCPD) in the regulation of growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of biosciences 16 27966492
2021 Intradermal co-inoculation of codon pair deoptimization (CPD)-attenuated chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) with Toll like receptor (TLR) agonists enhanced the protective effects in pigs against heterologous challenge. Veterinary microbiology 15 33845333
2021 Transgenic rice Oryza glaberrima with higher CPD photolyase activity alleviates UVB-caused growth inhibition. GM crops & food 15 34935587
2016 Functional Conversion of CPD and (6-4) Photolyases by Mutation. Biochemistry 15 27431478
2000 Refined mapping of the human serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene within 17q11 adjacent to the CPD and NF1 genes. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 15 10713891
2020 A natural occurring bifunctional CPD/(6-4)-photolyase from the Antarctic bacterium Sphingomonas sp. UV9. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 14 32572574
2014 Characterization and differential expression of CPD and 6-4 DNA photolyases in Xiphophorus species and interspecies hybrids. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP 14 24496042
1976 Blood preservation XVI packed red cell storage in CPD-adenine. Transfusion 14 1251460
2004 CPD-photolyase adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in normal and DNA-repair-deficient human cells. Journal of cell science 13 15252127
2001 CPD-Education and self-assessment: Epilepsy and pregnancy. Seizure 13 11437622
1993 Half-strength citrate CPD and new additive solutions for improved blood preservation. I. Studies of six experimental solutions. Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England) 13 8038896
1976 Blood storage XXII. Improvement in red blood cell 2,3-DPG levels at six weeks by 20 mM PO4 in CPD-adenine-inosine. Transfusion 13 982537
2020 Targeting c-Met in triple negative breast cancer: preclinical studies using the c-Met inhibitor, Cpd A. Investigational new drugs 12 32318883
2012 Augmentation of CPD photolyase activity in japonica and indica rice increases their UVB resistance but still leaves the difference in their sensitivities. Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 12 22362193
2012 Analysis of CPD ultraviolet lesion bypass in chicken DT40 cells: polymerase η and PCNA ubiquitylation play identical roles. PloS one 12 23272247
2011 Evidence from thermodynamics that DNA photolyase recognizes a solvent-exposed CPD lesion. The journal of physical chemistry. B 12 22017645
2005 CPD photolyase gene from Spinacia oleracea: repair of UV-damaged DNA and expression in plant organs. Journal of radiation research 12 15988133
1995 Tyrosine phosphorylation in a model of ischemia using the rat hippocampal slice: specific, long-term decrease in the tyrosine phosphorylation of the postsynaptic glycoprotein PSD-GP180. Journal of neurochemistry 11 7561882
1982 Complement in CPD-stored blood. Vox sanguinis 11 7090334
1977 Blood storage XXIV: red blood cell 2,3-DPG and ATP maintenance for six weeks in CPD-adenine with higher phosphate, pyruvate, and dihydroxyacetone. Transfusion 11 867465
2022 Recombinant Photolyase-Thymine Alleviated UVB-Induced Photodamage in Mice by Repairing CPD Photoproducts and Ameliorating Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 10 36552521
2019 The complete genome of Rachiplusia nu nucleopolyhedrovirus (RanuNPV) and the identification of a baculoviral CPD-photolyase homolog. Virology 10 31200103
2014 Investigation of CPD and HMDS sample preparation techniques for cervical cells in developing computer-aided screening system based on FE-SEM/EDX. TheScientificWorldJournal 10 25610902
2002 [Chromosome CPD(PI/DAPI)- and CMA/DAPI-banding patterns in Allium cepa L]. Genetika 10 12018166
1979 Plasma adenine and cellular ATP in red cell concentrates collected and stored in modified CPD at 4 C. Transfusion 10 432914
2023 Principles for Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Programs: A Statement by the ACPE CPD Advisory Committee. American journal of pharmaceutical education 9 37524261
2022 Preparation of CPD Photolyase Nanoliposomes Derived from Antarctic Microalgae and Their Effect on UVB-Induced Skin Damage in Mice. International journal of molecular sciences 9 36499473
2021 A CPD photolyase gene PnPHR1 from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans is involved in the resistance to UV-B radiation and salinity stress. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB 9 34385002
2021 Ability of the Putative Decomposition Products of 2,3-dioxetanes of Indoles to Photosensitize Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and its Implications for the "Dark" (Chemisensitized) Pathway to CPDs in Melanocytes†. Photochemistry and photobiology 9 34558720
2005 The DNA repair enzyme, CPD-photolyase restores the infectivity of UV-damaged fowlpox virus isolated from infected scabs of chickens. Veterinary microbiology 9 15936904