Affinage

CLIC1

Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 · UniProt O00299

Length
241 aa
Mass
26.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 36 papers cited in narrative 36 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CLIC1 is a metamorphic protein that converts between a soluble monomeric cytosolic form and an integral-membrane anion channel, coupling cellular redox and pH state to ion conductance across diverse physiological processes (PMID:11551966, PMID:11940526). The soluble form is structurally homologous to the glutathione S-transferase superfamily and carries a redox-active site that binds glutathione (PMID:11551966); oxidation drives a reversible monomer-to-dimer transition through an intramolecular Cys24–Cys59 disulfide that exposes a large hydrophobic surface, with both cysteines required for channel formation (PMID:14613939). Acidic pH at membrane surfaces destabilizes the less-stable N-terminal domain (helix α1), priming the transmembrane region for insertion (PMID:18850721, PMID:19650640), after which the N-domain unfolds and inserts into the bilayer as an extended helix and oligomerizes into assemblies of roughly six to eight subunits (PMID:20507120, PMID:22082111). CLIC1 spontaneously inserts into protein-free lipid bilayers to form an anion-selective channel whose conductance, pharmacology and kinetics match those in transfected cells, with charged residues Arg29 and Lys37 in the transmembrane region directly gating conductance and open probability (PMID:11940526, PMID:11978800, PMID:24058583). Through this regulated channel activity CLIC1 governs cell-cycle progression at the G1/S and G2/M transitions, coupling channel opening to ROS accumulation and cytoplasmic pH change in glioblastoma stem cells (PMID:11195932, PMID:25361004, PMID:30135216). In macrophages and dendritic cells CLIC1 translocates to the phagosomal membrane to drive phagosomal acidification, proteolysis, antigen presentation and NADPH oxidase redistribution, and supports NLRP3 inflammasome priming and IL-1β maturation (PMID:22956539, PMID:27113959, PMID:28275112, PMID:28576828). In microglia CLIC1 is induced by amyloid-β and translocates to the plasma membrane to sustain a feedforward, NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS loop driving neuroinflammatory toxicity (PMID:15190104, PMID:18987185). CLIC1 also acts in GPCR-coupled S1P signaling, mediating Rac1 and RhoA activation and endothelial barrier function (PMID:33879602), recruits PIP5K1A/C to generate PIP2 microdomains driving integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion and metastasis (PMID:33079727), and, with CLIC4, bridges the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton via ezrin to maintain cortical stability during cytokinesis (PMID:31879279).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 26 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Established that CLIC1 is itself a transmembrane channel constituent with defined topology, settling whether it forms part of the conducting pore rather than merely regulating one.

    Evidence Electrophysiology of epitope-tagged NCC27 with side-specific antibody occlusion in transfected CHO-K1 cells

    PMID:10834939

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the oligomeric stoichiometry of the channel
    • Mechanism of soluble-to-membrane conversion unaddressed
  2. 2000 Medium

    Linked CLIC1 conductance to the cell cycle, showing the channel is selectively present in G2/M and that blocking it arrests cells, implying a functional role beyond passive chloride flux.

    Evidence Cell-cycle-resolved electrophysiology with pharmacological chloride channel blockade in CHO-K1 cells

    PMID:11195932

    Open questions at the time
    • Pharmacological blockers are not CLIC1-specific
    • Molecular link between conductance and cycle control not defined
  3. 2001 High

    Defined the soluble fold of CLIC1, revealing GST-superfamily homology and a glutaredoxin-like redox site, and nominated the N-domain as the region needing rearrangement for membrane insertion.

    Evidence 1.4-Å X-ray crystallography of soluble CLIC1 in complex with glutathione

    PMID:11551966

    Open questions at the time
    • Membrane-inserted structure not determined
    • No catalytic GST activity demonstrated
  4. 2002 High

    Demonstrated that purified CLIC1 alone can build a functional anion channel by inserting into protein-free bilayers, establishing autonomous, redox- and pH-sensitive channel-forming capacity.

    Evidence Chloride efflux from vesicles plus planar bilayer electrophysiology with recombinant protein; comparison to transfected CHO cells

    PMID:11940526 PMID:11978800

    Open questions at the time
    • Number of subunits per channel inferred indirectly
    • Trigger for insertion in vivo not identified
  5. 2003 High

    Identified the redox switch controlling the metamorphic transition, showing oxidation forms an intramolecular Cys24–Cys59 disulfide and a hydrophobic-surface dimer required for channel activity.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of oxidized CLIC1, site-directed mutagenesis, and bilayer/vesicle reconstitution

    PMID:14613939

    Open questions at the time
    • How the oxidized dimer assembles into a membrane oligomer not shown
    • Physiological oxidant in cells not defined here
  6. 2004 High

    Connected CLIC1 to neuroinflammation, showing amyloid-β induces CLIC1 and that its loss blocks TNF-α release and downstream neurotoxicity.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, pharmacological inhibition, electrophysiology and neuron co-culture neurotoxicity assay in rat microglia

    PMID:15190104

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct chain from chloride flux to cytokine release not resolved
    • Did not address ROS dependency
  7. 2005 High

    Localized the redox-sensitive Cys24 to the extracellular/luminal face near the pore and proposed an intersubunit disulfide regulating conductance.

    Evidence Single-channel bilayer recording with C24 mutagenesis, covalent modification and antibody inhibition

    PMID:16339885

    Open questions at the time
    • Intersubunit disulfide inferred not directly visualized
    • Quantitative subunit arrangement unresolved
  8. 2008 High

    Resolved how amyloid-β engages CLIC1, defining a feedforward loop in which NADPH oxidase-derived ROS oxidize and activate membrane CLIC1, which in turn sustains ROS generation.

    Evidence Live-cell translocation imaging, siRNA, antibody inhibition, anion substitution and ROS assays in microglia

    PMID:18987185

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link between chloride conductance and oxidase activity not mechanistically defined
    • Translocation machinery unknown
  9. 2008 Medium

    Provided the biophysical basis for pH-triggered insertion, showing acidic pH produces a partially unfolded intermediate with exposed hydrophobic surface centered on helix α1.

    Evidence Equilibrium unfolding, fluorescence spectroscopy and pH titration of CLIC1 stability

    PMID:18850721

    Open questions at the time
    • Intermediate characterized in solution, not on membranes
    • Does not establish insertion kinetics
  10. 2009 Medium

    Mapped domain-level dynamics, showing domain 1 (the transmembrane region) is intrinsically less stable and further destabilized at acidic pH, reinforcing the priming model.

    Evidence Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry at pH 7 and 5.5

    PMID:19650640

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct membrane-inserted conformation captured
    • Single-lab quantitative HDX
  11. 2010 Medium

    Provided first direct evidence of the large-scale conformational change on membrane contact, showing N- and C-domain separation upon vesicle interaction.

    Evidence FRET spectroscopy (Trp35 to native cysteines) comparing solution and vesicle conditions

    PMID:20507120

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic structure of inserted state not obtained
    • Single-lab FRET model
  12. 2011 Medium

    Defined the inserted-state architecture, showing the N-domain enters the bilayer as an extended helix (residues 24–46) and oligomerizes to ~6–8 subunits under oxidation.

    Evidence Intramolecular and intermolecular FRET with symmetric oligomer fitting in membranes

    PMID:22082111

    Open questions at the time
    • Exact subunit count is a fitted estimate
    • Pore geometry not directly resolved
  13. 2011 Medium

    Connected CLIC1 surface translocation to integrin signaling, showing αvβ3 ligation drives CLIC1 to the surface to internalize CLT1-fibronectin aggregates in angiogenic endothelium.

    Evidence Antibody blocking, integrin ligation, internalization assay and in vivo angiogenesis model

    PMID:22203240

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CLIC1–integrin physical interaction not established
    • Single-lab weak-tier evidence
  14. 2012 High

    Provided the first genetic loss-of-function proof of physiological function, showing CLIC1 translocates to phagosomes and is required for acidification, proteolysis and ROS in macrophages, with protection from arthritis in knockouts.

    Evidence CLIC1-/- mice, pH-sensitive phagosomal imaging, proteolysis and ROS assays, K/BxN arthritis model

    PMID:22956539

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether phagosomal effect requires channel conductance vs. another activity not separated here
    • Recruitment mechanism to phagosome unknown
  15. 2013 Medium

    Identified membrane lipid composition, specifically cholesterol/sterols, as a determinant of CLIC1 insertion and conductance, drawing a parallel to cholesterol-dependent cytolysins.

    Evidence Langmuir monolayer measurements and tethered bilayer impedance spectroscopy

    PMID:23457643 PMID:27941637

    Open questions at the time
    • Sterol effect demonstrated in artificial membranes only
    • Cellular relevance of sterol dependence untested
  16. 2013 High

    Pinpointed the residues gating conductance, showing K37 controls single-channel conductance and R29 controls voltage-dependent open probability within the transmembrane region.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis with Tip-Dip bilayer, cell-attached and whole-cell patch clamp in HEK cells

    PMID:24058583

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not define full pore-lining residue set
    • Selectivity filter not mapped
  17. 2014 Medium

    Tied the channel to the G1-S transition and to a druggable target, showing R29-dependent transient insertion is required for G1-S progression and that metformin inhibits the current to arrest glioblastoma stem cells.

    Evidence Patch clamp, R29A mutant, cell-cycle analysis and pharmacology in cancer stem cells

    PMID:25361004

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct metformin binding to CLIC1 not shown
    • Coupling of conductance to cycle machinery undefined
  18. 2014 Medium

    Established roles in cancer cell physiology and paracrine signaling, linking CLIC1 to regulatory volume decrease, migration/invasion, invadopodia stability via ITGB3/MYLK, and EV-mediated transfer driving tumor growth.

    Evidence siRNA/pharmacology with RVD, migration, invasion and 3D invadopodia assays; EV isolation and in vivo engraftment

    PMID:22426742 PMID:25205595 PMID:26429879

    Open questions at the time
    • Channel-dependence of invadopodia/EV effects not fully separated
    • Single-lab studies
  19. 2014 Medium

    Placed CLIC1 downstream of cAMP/PKA in neuronal differentiation, showing its current appears only on cAMP elevation and is required for growth cone maintenance and neurite elongation.

    Evidence Electrophysiology with PKA inhibition, IAA94 and antibody block in retinal ganglion cell culture

    PMID:25060644

    Open questions at the time
    • How PKA enables CLIC1 current not defined
    • Single-lab evidence
  20. 2016 High

    Generalized the phagosomal role to dendritic cells and connected it to adaptive immunity, showing CLIC1 loss impairs phagosomal acidification, antigen presentation and EAE.

    Evidence CLIC1-/- BMDCs, phagosomal pH imaging, proteolysis and antigen presentation assays, in vivo EAE

    PMID:27113959

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism coupling chloride flux to acidification not isolated
    • Recruitment trigger unknown
  21. 2016 Medium

    Positioned Trp35 as a membrane anchor, measuring its proximity (~15 Å) to the bilayer under oxidation and confirming oxidation-dependent membrane association.

    Evidence FRET between Trp35 and dansyl-lipid analogue with quenching experiments

    PMID:27299171

    Open questions at the time
    • Single residue probe; full insertion path not mapped
    • Single-lab FRET
  22. 2017 High

    Dissected the inflammasome and oxidase contributions, showing CLIC1 supports NLRP3 priming/IL-1β maturation and is required for NADPH oxidase redistribution to the plasma membrane rather than acting solely as a surface chloride channel.

    Evidence siRNA with IL-1β ELISA and ASC speck imaging; CLIC1-null mice with superoxide assays and oxidase redistribution imaging

    PMID:28275112 PMID:28576828

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis for oxidase redistribution dependence on CLIC1 unknown
    • Nuclear translocation role in priming undefined
  23. 2019 High

    Defined a cytoskeletal scaffolding function in cytokinesis, showing CLIC1 with CLIC4 bridges plasma membrane and actin via ezrin and that loss causes furrow regression and multinucleation.

    Evidence CLIC4/CLIC1 knockout, live imaging, Co-IP of ezrin/anillin/ALIX and functional-residue mutagenesis

    PMID:31879279

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CLIC1's contribution requires channel activity not separated
    • Direct CLIC1 binding partner at furrow vs. CLIC4 not fully resolved
  24. 2020 Medium

    Identified a nuclear/transcriptional partnership, showing CLIC1 binds MYC and amplifies its transcriptional activity in a positive feedback loop in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Evidence Co-IP, luciferase reporter, CLIC1 silencing/overexpression and xenograft

    PMID:32905514

    Open questions at the time
    • Single Co-IP without reciprocal structural validation
    • Mechanism by which CLIC1 enhances MYC activity unknown
  25. 2021 High

    Resolved a membrane-signaling mechanism for metastasis and GPCR responses, showing CLIC1 recruits PIP5K1A/C to generate PIP2 microdomains for integrin adhesion and mediates S1P-driven Rac1/RhoA activation and endothelial barrier function non-redundantly with CLIC4.

    Evidence Proteomics/Co-IP, PIP2 imaging and in vivo metastasis; live imaging, siRNA, Rac1/RhoA assays, barrier assays and rescue in endothelial cells

    PMID:33079727 PMID:33879602

    Open questions at the time
    • How CLIC1 selects PIP5K isoforms vs. GTPase effectors not defined
    • Channel-activity requirement for these scaffolding roles unresolved
  26. 2024 Medium

    Linked mechanical signaling to metabolism, showing matrix stiffness induces CLIC1 via Wnt/β-catenin/TCF4 and CLIC1 stabilizes HIF1α through ROS to promote the Warburg effect.

    Evidence Clinical samples, pathway analysis, HIF1α hydroxylation and glycolysis assays with matrix stiffness manipulation in pancreatic cancer

    PMID:39154343

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CLIC1 effect on HIF1α hydroxylase activity not biochemically resolved
    • Single study

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved which CLIC1 functions strictly require ion conductance versus a redox/scaffolding activity, and no atomic-resolution structure of the membrane-inserted oligomeric channel has been determined.
  • No high-resolution structure of the inserted channel
  • Conductance-dependent vs. scaffolding roles not systematically separated across cell types
  • Cellular machinery directing translocation to specific membranes unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005215 transporter activity 4 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0008289 lipid binding 3 GO:0140299 molecular sensor activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005768 endosome 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 3 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 3
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3
Partners
ANLNCLIC4EZRITGB3MYCPDCD6IPPIP5K1APIP5K1C

Evidence

Reading pass · 36 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 Crystal structure of soluble CLIC1 (NCC27) determined at 1.4-Å resolution, showing the protein is monomeric and structurally homologous to the glutathione S-transferase superfamily with a redox-active site resembling glutaredoxin. Glutathione was shown to occupy the redox-active site. The N-domain (residues 1–90) was identified as the putative transmembrane region requiring major structural rearrangement for membrane integration. X-ray crystallography at 1.4-Å resolution; complex with glutathione The Journal of biological chemistry High 11551966
2002 Soluble CLIC1 spontaneously inserts into preformed phospholipid membranes from aqueous solution (without detergent) to function as an anion-selective channel. Channel activity is inhibited by IAA-94, N-ethylmaleimide, and glutathione, is heat-inactivated, and depends on pH and lipid composition. Chloride efflux assay with lipid vesicles; planar lipid bilayer electrophysiology; purified recombinant protein American journal of physiology. Cell physiology High 11940526
2002 Recombinant CLIC1 integrates into artificial lipid bilayers via a pH-dependent two-state process, forming chloride-selective channels with conductance, pharmacology, and kinetics identical to those in CLIC1-transfected CHO cells. The assembly transitions from small-conductance slow-kinetics modules to a high-conductance fast-kinetics channel consistent with a tetrameric assembly. Planar lipid bilayer electrophysiology; comparison with patch-clamp recordings in transfected CHO cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 11978800
2003 On oxidation, CLIC1 undergoes a reversible transition from a monomeric to a non-covalent dimeric state via formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys-24 and Cys-59. The crystal structure of the oxidized dimer reveals a major structural transition exposing a large hydrophobic surface that forms the dimer interface. The oxidized dimer retains the ability to form chloride channels in bilayers/vesicles, whereas reducing conditions prevent channel formation. Mutagenesis showed both Cys-24 and Cys-59 are required for channel activity. X-ray crystallography of oxidized CLIC1; site-directed mutagenesis; artificial bilayer and vesicle electrophysiology The Journal of biological chemistry High 14613939
2000 NCC27 (CLIC1) chloride conductance is selectively expressed on the plasma membrane of CHO-K1 cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Chloride channel blockers that block NCC27 arrest CHO-K1 cells in G2/M, supporting a role for NCC27 in cell cycle regulation. Electrophysiology across cell cycle stages; pharmacological chloride channel blockade with cell cycle analysis The Journal of physiology Medium 11195932
2000 NCC27/CLIC1 is a transmembrane protein that directly forms part of the ion channel. The amino terminus projects to the extracellular/luminal side and the carboxyl terminus projects intracellularly. Selective antibody blockade of the epitope tag confirmed N-terminal topology. Chloride conductance is essentially identical on plasma and nuclear membranes. Electrophysiology of epitope-tagged NCC27 in transfected CHO-K1 cells; antibody inhibition from defined membrane sides; patch clamp FASEB journal High 10834939
2004 Beta-amyloid (Aβ) stimulation of rat microglia specifically increases CLIC1 protein expression and functional CLIC1 chloride conductance on the plasma membrane. Knockdown of CLIC1 by siRNA prevents Aβ-induced TNF-α release. Pharmacological blockade of CLIC1 (IAA-94) prevents neuronal apoptosis in neurons co-cultured with Aβ-treated microglia. siRNA knockdown; pharmacological inhibition; electrophysiology; neurotoxicity co-culture assay The Journal of neuroscience High 15190104
2008 Aβ promotes acute translocation of CLIC1 from cytosol to the plasma membrane of microglia, where it mediates a chloride conductance required for NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation. CLIC1 activation is itself dependent on oxidation by NADPH oxidase-derived ROS, establishing a feedforward mechanism. Blockade by anti-CLIC1 antibody, impermeant anion substitution, or siRNA all prevented Aβ-induced ROS generation. Live-cell imaging of CLIC1 translocation; siRNA knockdown; antibody inhibition; anion substitution; ROS assay The Journal of neuroscience High 18987185
2005 Cysteine 24 (in a cysteine-proline motif) is a critical redox-sensitive residue located on the extracellular/luminal side of membrane CLIC1 subunits near the putative channel pore. Under oxidizing conditions on the extracellular side, single-channel current amplitudes are minimized. Site-directed mutagenesis and covalent modification support an intersubunit disulfide bond mechanism for channel regulation. Planar lipid bilayer single-channel recording; site-directed mutagenesis (C24 and related residues); covalent functional modification; anti-CLIC1 antibody inhibition Biophysical journal High 16339885
2007 CLIC1 (and CLIC5, but not CLIC4) channel activity in planar lipid bilayers is strongly and reversibly inhibited by F-actin in the absence of any other protein. This inhibition is reversed by cytochalasin-mediated F-actin disruption. Planar lipid bilayer electrophysiology with purified recombinant CLIC1/CLIC4/CLIC5; F-actin addition and cytochalasin treatment The FEBS journal Medium 18028448
2008 At acidic pH, CLIC1 forms a highly populated partially unfolded intermediate with a solvent-exposed hydrophobic surface. This acid-induced destabilization involves helix α1 (the major structural element of the transmembrane region), suggesting that the acidic environment at membrane surfaces primes the transmembrane region and lowers the energy barrier for membrane insertion. Equilibrium unfolding studies; fluorescence spectroscopy; pH titration of protein stability Biochemistry Medium 18850721
2009 CLIC1 domain 1 (containing the transmembrane region including helix α1 and peptides 11–31 and 68–82) is less stable and more conformationally flexible than domain 2, and this flexibility is further increased at acidic pH (5.5), consistent with priming of the transmembrane region for membrane insertion. Amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (DXMS) at pH 7 and 5.5 Biochemistry Medium 19650640
2010 FRET spectroscopy demonstrated that CLIC1 undergoes a large-scale conformational unfolding between its N- and C-domains upon interaction with membrane vesicles, consistent with the N-terminal domain inserting into the bilayer while the C-domain remains on the extravesicular side. FRET spectroscopy (tryptophan 35 to native cysteines) in solution vs. membrane vesicle conditions; structural modeling Biochemistry Medium 20507120
2011 Under oxidative conditions, the N-terminal domain of CLIC1 inserts into the lipid bilayer as an extended α-helix (residues 24–46), and CLIC1 forms oligomers upon oxidation in the presence of membranes. Intermolecular FRET fitting indicates a large oligomer consistent with approximately 6–8 subunits. Intramolecular and intermolecular FRET between fluorescently labeled CLIC1 monomers in lipid membranes; symmetric oligomer fitting Biochemistry Medium 22082111
2012 In murine peritoneal macrophages, CLIC1 translocates from cytoplasmic puncta to the phagosomal membrane upon phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan. CLIC1-knockout macrophages show defective phagosome acidification, impaired phagosomal proteolytic capacity, and reduced ROS production. CLIC1-knockout mice are protected from serum-transfer-induced K/BxN arthritis. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy; pH-sensitive fluorophore (Oregon Green) live imaging; CLIC1-/- knockout mice; in vivo arthritis model Journal of cell science High 22956539
2013 Cholesterol in membranes regulates both the spontaneous insertion of CLIC1 into lipid membranes and its ion channel conductance. This cholesterol-dependent behavior resembles the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family of bacterial pore-forming proteins. Langmuir lipid monolayer pressure-area measurements; tethered bilayer membrane impedance spectroscopy PloS one Medium 23457643
2013 Point mutations in the putative transmembrane region of CLIC1 selectively alter biophysical properties: the K37A mutation changes single-channel conductance, while R29A affects open probability in response to membrane potential. These results demonstrate that charged residues K37 and R29 within the transmembrane region directly regulate ion channel activity. Site-directed mutagenesis; single-channel Tip-Dip bilayer recording; cell-attached and whole-cell patch clamp in transfected HEK cells PloS one High 24058583
2014 CLIC1 ion channel activity (specifically Arg29-dependent) is preferentially active during the G1-S transition via transient membrane insertion. Metformin inhibits CLIC1-mediated chloride current and induces G1 arrest in glioblastoma stem cells. The R29A substitution in the CLIC1 pore region impairs metformin's modulation of channel activity. Patch clamp electrophysiology; CLIC1 mutant R29A; cell cycle analysis (G1 arrest); pharmacological inhibition in cancer stem cells Oncotarget Medium 25361004
2014 CLIC1 mediates regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in colon cancer cells and its chloride channel function modulates cell migration and invasion. Pharmacological blockade (IAA-94) or siRNA knockdown of CLIC1 inhibited RVD and reduced migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA knockdown; pharmacological inhibition (IAA-94); cell migration and invasion assays; RVD measurement Molecular and cellular biochemistry Medium 22426742
2016 Upon phagocytosis, CLIC1 translocates from cytoplasm to the phagosomal membrane in dendritic cells, where it regulates phagosomal pH and proteolysis. CLIC1-/- bone marrow-derived dendritic cells display impaired phagosome acidification and proteolysis, reduced antigen processing and presentation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and reduced MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in vivo. CLIC1-/- knockout mice; live phagosomal pH imaging; proteolysis assay; antigen presentation assay; EAE model in vivo; IAA94 pharmacological control Biology open High 27113959
2016 Sterol type and concentration in lipid bilayers regulate CLIC1 ion channel activity. The Cys24 residue is not essential for CLIC1 ion channel function per se but is important for optimal activity. Both reduced and oxidized forms differ in conductance in tethered membranes. Tethered bilayer lipid membranes with electrical impedance spectroscopy; CLIC1 Cys24 mutant analysis Membranes Medium 27941637
2016 FRET between CLIC1 Trp35 and a dansyl-labeled lipid analogue provides direct structural evidence that CLIC1 associates with lipid bilayer membranes under oxidizing conditions, with Trp35 positioned approximately 15 Å from the membrane surface, supporting a membrane-anchoring role for Trp35. FRET fluorescence spectroscopy with dansyl-lipid analogue; fluorescence quenching experiments Biochemistry Medium 27299171
2017 Upon LPS stimulation of macrophages, CLIC1 translocates into the nucleus and cellular membrane (shown by confocal microscopy and cell fractionation). siRNA knockdown of CLIC1 impairs IL-1β transcription, ASC speck formation, and secretion of mature IL-1β in LPS/ATP-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages, placing CLIC1 as a participant in both NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation. Confocal microscopy; cell fractionation; siRNA knockdown; IL-1β ELISA; ASC speck imaging The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 28576828
2017 In CLIC1-null macrophages, NADPH oxidase fails to redistribute from intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane upon stimulation, resulting in dramatically reduced PMA-induced superoxide production. This establishes CLIC1's role as supporting NADPH oxidase plasma membrane redistribution rather than acting primarily as a plasma membrane chloride channel for superoxide generation. CLIC1-null (C1KO) mice; superoxide production assay in peritoneal macrophages/neutrophils; NADPH oxidase redistribution by immunofluorescence; plasma membrane chloride conductance measurement Physiological reports High 28275112
2019 CLIC4 and CLIC1 function together in cytokinesis: CLIC4 accumulates at the cleavage furrow and midbody in a RhoA-dependent manner, and its translocation requires GST activity-related residues (C35A/F37D mutations abolish this). Interaction partners ezrin, anillin, and ALIX are identified at the cleavage furrow. CLIC4 facilitates ezrin activation at the cleavage furrow. Knockout of CLIC4 and CLIC1 causes polar cortex blebbing and cleavage furrow regression leading to multinucleated cells, demonstrating that CLIC1 and CLIC4 bridge plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton for cortical stability. CLIC4/CLIC1 knockout; live imaging; immunofluorescence; Co-IP (ezrin, anillin, ALIX); site-directed mutagenesis (C35A, F37D) Life science alliance High 31879279
2021 Membrane-targeted CLIC1 recruits PIP5K1A and PIP5K1C from cytoplasm to the leading edge of the plasma membrane in response to migration stimuli, where PIP5Ks generate a PIP2-rich microdomain that induces integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions and cytoskeletal extension. CLIC1 silencing inhibited tumor cell attachment, lung alveolar adherence, and extravasation, suppressing lung metastasis in mice. Comparative proteomics; Co-IP/pulldown (CLIC1–PIP5K1A/C interaction); PIP2 microdomain imaging; CLIC1 silencing; in vivo lung metastasis mouse model The Journal of clinical investigation High 33079727
2021 CLIC1 and CLIC4 transiently translocate to the plasma membrane in response to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in endothelial cells. Both are required for S1P-induced Rac1 activation downstream of S1PR1. Only CLIC1 (not CLIC4) is required for S1P-induced RhoA activation downstream of S1PR2/S1PR3. These CLICs mediate S1P-stimulated endothelial barrier function. Rescue experiments show CLIC1 and CLIC4 are not functionally interchangeable. Live-cell imaging of translocation; siRNA knockdown; Rac1/RhoA activation assays; endothelial barrier assay; rescue experiments Science signaling High 33879602
2014 CLIC1 in glioblastoma cells is secreted via extracellular vesicles (EVs). Treatment of GBM cells with CLIC1-containing EVs stimulates cell growth in a CLIC1-dose-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. EVs from CLIC1-silenced cells significantly attenuate this proliferative stimulation, establishing extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of CLIC1 as a mechanism for paracrine regulation of tumor growth. EV isolation by differential ultracentrifugation; CLIC1 western blot; in vitro proliferation assays; in vivo tumor engraftment Oncotarget Medium 26429879
2014 CLIC1 is required for cAMP-stimulated neurite elongation in retinal ganglion cells. CLIC1-mediated chloride current, detected only when cAMP is elevated, is required for maintaining growth cone morphology. PKA inhibition prevents CLIC1-mediated current, placing CLIC1 activity downstream of cAMP/PKA signaling in neuronal differentiation. Electrophysiology; pharmacological inhibition (IAA94, anti-CLIC1 antibody); immunohistochemistry; PKA inhibition; purified RGC culture Journal of neurochemistry Medium 25060644
2011 CLIC1 promotes internalization of CLT1-fibronectin co-aggregates in angiogenic endothelial cells through ligation of integrin αvβ3, which triggers translocation of CLIC1 to the cell surface. This internalization depends on the LIIQK sequence of CLT1, and CLIC1 depletion/blocking prevents uptake of CLT1-fibronectin aggregates and endothelial cytotoxicity. Co-localization in vivo; antibody blocking; integrin αvβ3 ligation; in vitro internalization assay; in vivo tumor angiogenesis model Angiogenesis Medium 22203240
2014 CLIC1 promotes stability of invadopodia in endothelial and tumor cells embedded in fibrin 3D matrix through β3 integrin (ITGB3)-mediated recruitment into invadopodia, where it induces stress fiber and fibronectin matrix formation. CLIC1 depletion reduces myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and impairs actomyosin dynamics. 3D fibrin matrix invasion assay; CLIC1 siRNA knockdown; β3 integrin depletion; MYLK expression analysis; in vivo metastasis assay Molecular cancer research Medium 25205595
2018 CLIC1 membrane localization and function is constitutive in glioblastoma cancer stem cells (CSCs) but not in normal mesenchymal stem cells. During G1-S transition in CSCs, CLIC1 membrane activity is temporally linked to ROS accumulation and cytoplasmic alkalinization. Inhibiting CLIC1-mediated chloride current prevents both intracellular ROS accumulation and pH changes, arresting CSCs in G1. Patch clamp electrophysiology; ROS measurement; cytoplasmic pH measurement; cell cycle analysis; pharmacological and antibody inhibition in CSCs vs. MSCs Molecular cancer therapeutics Medium 30135216
2024 Matrix stiffness induces CLIC1 expression in pancreatic cancer through Wnt/β-catenin/TCF4 signaling. CLIC1 stabilizes HIF1α by reducing hydroxylation via ROS, thereby promoting the Warburg effect and glycolytic metabolism to drive tumor proliferation. Clinical samples, cellular and bioinformatics approaches; Wnt/β-catenin/TCF4 pathway analysis; HIF1α hydroxylation assay; glycolysis measurements; matrix stiffness manipulation Cell reports Medium 39154343
2007 In polarized columnar epithelia, membrane-inserted CLIC1 localizes to a sub-apical compartment overlapping megalin and the sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi-II (markers of the apical endocytic/recycling compartment) in renal proximal tubule cells. Digitonin extraction distinguishes membrane-inserted from soluble cytoplasmic CLIC1; in T84 colon cancer cells, membrane CLIC1 is in a sub-apical intracellular compartment enhanced by forskolin-induced apical membrane traffic. Digitonin extraction fractionation; immunofluorescence confocal microscopy; comparison to endocytic/recycling markers; forskolin stimulation BMC cell biology Medium 17326840
2005 Insulin stimulation of human hematopoietic cells induces a change in the subnuclear localization pattern of CLIC1 without altering total CLIC1 protein levels (discrepancy between 1-DE and 2-DE results suggesting a qualitative/conformational change rather than abundance change). 2-DE proteomics; Western blot; immunofluorescence subnuclear localization after insulin stimulation American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism Low 15827065
2020 CLIC1 binds to MYC protein (shown by co-immunoprecipitation) and enhances MYC transcriptional activity on downstream target genes without altering MYC expression levels. A positive feedback regulatory loop exists in which MYC promotes CLIC1 expression and CLIC1 in turn enhances MYC activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Co-immunoprecipitation (CLIC1–MYC interaction); luciferase reporter for MYC transcriptional activity; CLIC1 silencing/overexpression; bioinformatics; in vivo xenograft American journal of cancer research Medium 32905514

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 Identification of HLA-G7 as a new splice variant of the HLA-G mRNA and expression of soluble HLA-G5, -G6, and -G7 transcripts in human transfected cells. Human immunology 265 11137219
2003 The intracellular chloride ion channel protein CLIC1 undergoes a redox-controlled structural transition. The Journal of biological chemistry 193 14613939
2001 Crystal structure of a soluble form of the intracellular chloride ion channel CLIC1 (NCC27) at 1.4-A resolution. The Journal of biological chemistry 174 11551966
1992 Isolation and characterization of two distinct human rotavirus strains with G6 specificity. Journal of clinical microbiology 151 1370851
2017 The intracellular chloride channel proteins CLIC1 and CLIC4 induce IL-1β transcription and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. The Journal of biological chemistry 146 28576828
2000 The nuclear chloride ion channel NCC27 is involved in regulation of the cell cycle. The Journal of physiology 133 11195932
2014 Chloride channels in cancer: Focus on chloride intracellular channel 1 and 4 (CLIC1 AND CLIC4) proteins in tumor development and as novel therapeutic targets. Biochimica et biophysica acta 125 25546839
2008 CLIC1 function is required for beta-amyloid-induced generation of reactive oxygen species by microglia. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 121 18987185
2002 The calcium activation of gelsolin: insights from the 3A structure of the G4-G6/actin complex. Journal of molecular biology 115 12460571
2002 CLIC1 inserts from the aqueous phase into phospholipid membranes, where it functions as an anion channel. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 109 11940526
2004 Involvement of the intracellular ion channel CLIC1 in microglia-mediated beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 108 15190104
2014 Metformin repositioning as antitumoral agent: selective antiproliferative effects in human glioblastoma stem cells, via inhibition of CLIC1-mediated ion current. Oncotarget 105 25361004
2010 Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1): Sensor and effector during oxidative stress. FEBS letters 105 20385134
2002 Recombinant CLIC1 (NCC27) assembles in lipid bilayers via a pH-dependent two-state process to form chloride ion channels with identical characteristics to those observed in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing CLIC1. The Journal of biological chemistry 105 11978800
2007 Overexpression of CLIC1 in human gastric carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. Proteomics 94 17154271
2000 Functional characterization of the NCC27 nuclear protein in stable transfected CHO-K1 cells. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 94 10834939
2012 Intracellular chloride channel protein CLIC1 regulates macrophage function through modulation of phagosomal acidification. Journal of cell science 93 22956539
2007 Functional reconstitution of mammalian 'chloride intracellular channels' CLIC1, CLIC4 and CLIC5 reveals differential regulation by cytoskeletal actin. The FEBS journal 93 18028448
2005 Redox regulation of CLIC1 by cysteine residues associated with the putative channel pore. Biophysical journal 92 16339885
2015 Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of CLIC1 protein is a novel mechanism for the regulation of glioblastoma growth. Oncotarget 81 26429879
2013 Functional role of CLIC1 ion channel in glioblastoma-derived stem/progenitor cells. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 80 24115360
2013 Evidence that the Echinococcus granulosus G6 genotype has an affinity for the brain in humans. International journal for parasitology 79 23891711
2008 Expression of chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) and tumor protein D52 (TPD52) as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Clinical biochemistry 78 18710659
2018 Molecular phylogeny based on six nuclear genes suggests that Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes G6/G7 and G8/G10 can be regarded as two distinct species. Parasitology 75 29781421
1998 Mitochondrial genomic markers confirm the presence of the camel strain (G6 genotype) of Echinococcus granulosus in north-western China. Parasitology 73 9481771
2017 Tanshinone IIA Sodium sulfonate regulates antioxidant system, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis by downregulation of CLIC1. European journal of pharmacology 69 28970012
2009 Cell secretome analysis using hollow fiber culture system leads to the discovery of CLIC1 protein as a novel plasma marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Journal of proteome research 63 19845400
2004 Recombinant HLA-G5 and -G6 drive U937 myelomonocytic cell production of TGF-beta1. Journal of leukocyte biology 61 15459235
2021 CLIC1 recruits PIP5K1A/C to induce cell-matrix adhesions for tumor metastasis. The Journal of clinical investigation 59 33079727
2005 Molecular evidence of ovine (G1) and camel (G6) strains of Echinococcus granulosus in Tunisia and putative role of cattle in human contamination. Veterinary parasitology 59 15845282
2003 Genetic variability among serotype G6 human rotaviruses: identification of a novel lineage isolated in Hungary. Journal of medical virology 59 12858418
2007 Tissue and subcellular distribution of CLIC1. BMC cell biology 57 17326840
1995 Genetic and antigenic characterization of a serotype G6 human rotavirus isolated in Melbourne, Australia. Journal of medical virology 55 8636702
2012 Regulation of colon cancer cell migration and invasion by CLIC1-mediated RVD. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 53 22426742
2010 Molecular characterization of Echinococcus isolates indicates goats as reservoir for Echinococcus canadensis G6 genotype in Neuquén, Patagonia Argentina. Parasitology international 52 20667482
2001 Characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 proteins of serotype G6 and G8 human rotaviruses. Journal of medical microbiology 52 11339255
2003 Antisense suppression of a beta-galactosidase gene (TB G6) in tomato increases fruit cracking. Journal of experimental botany 50 12867545
2009 Molecular evidence of the camel strain (G6 genotype) of Echinococcus granulosus in humans from Turkana, Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 48 19786289
2011 Transmembrane extension and oligomerization of the CLIC1 chloride intracellular channel protein upon membrane interaction. Biochemistry 43 22082111
2018 CLIC1 Promotes the Progression of Gastric Cancer by Regulating the MAPK/AKT Pathways. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 42 29669336
2019 Exosome-mediated transfer of CLIC1 contributes to the vincristine-resistance in gastric cancer. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 40 31473882
2017 Genetic differentiation of the G6/7 cluster of Echinococcus canadensis based on mitochondrial marker genes. International journal for parasitology 40 28780151
2015 Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is activated and functions as an oncogene in pancreatic cancer. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 40 25920608
2005 The soluble pool of HLA-G produced by human trophoblasts does not include detectable levels of the intron 4-containing HLA-G5 and HLA-G6 isoforms. Molecular human reproduction 40 16330474
2008 Formation of an unfolding intermediate state of soluble chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC1 at acidic pH. Biochemistry 39 18850721
2010 Changing profile of the bovine rotavirus G6 population in the south of Ireland from 2002 to 2009. Veterinary microbiology 38 20541335
2018 CLIC1 and CLIC4 complement CA125 as a diagnostic biomarker panel for all subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. Scientific reports 37 30282979
2011 The expression and clinical significance of CLIC1 and HSP27 in lung adenocarcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 37 21858536
2005 Proteomic analysis on insulin signaling in human hematopoietic cells: identification of CLIC1 and SRp20 as novel downstream effectors of insulin. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 36 15827065
2024 A CLIC1 network coordinates matrix stiffness and the Warburg effect to promote tumor growth in pancreatic cancer. Cell reports 35 39154343
2018 Inhibition of Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (CLIC1) as Biguanide Class-Effect to Impair Human Glioblastoma Stem Cell Viability. Frontiers in pharmacology 35 30186163
2013 Regulation of the membrane insertion and conductance activity of the metamorphic chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC1 by cholesterol. PloS one 34 23457643
2019 Upregulated lncRNA-UCA1 contributes to metastasis of bile duct carcinoma through regulation of miR-122/CLIC1 and activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 33 31106658
2016 CLIC1 Inhibition Attenuates Vascular Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Injury. PloS one 33 27861612
2012 Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in south-eastern Romania: evidence of G1-G3 and G6-G10 complexes in humans. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 33 22967309
1993 Human rheumatoid factor cross-idiotypes. IV. Studies on WA XId-positive IgM without rheumatoid factor activity provide evidence that the WA XId is not unique to rheumatoid factors and is distinct from the 17.109 and G6 XIds. The Journal of experimental medicine 33 8245772
2016 CLIC1 regulates dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation by modulating phagosome acidification and proteolysis. Biology open 32 27113959
2010 Metamorphic response of the CLIC1 chloride intracellular ion channel protein upon membrane interaction. Biochemistry 32 20507120
2009 Structural dynamics of soluble chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC1 examined by amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Biochemistry 32 19650640
2008 Echinococcus granulosus: variability of the host-protective EG95 vaccine antigen in G6 and G7 genotypic variants. Experimental parasitology 29 18342311
2011 Molecular characterization of genotype G6 human rotavirus strains detected in Italy from 1986 to 2009. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 28 21640847
2014 Relocation of CLIC1 promotes tumor cell invasion and colonization of fibrin. Molecular cancer research : MCR 27 25205595
2018 Mutual Influence of ROS, pH, and CLIC1 Membrane Protein in the Regulation of G1-S Phase Progression in Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Molecular cancer therapeutics 26 30135216
2015 CLIC1 a novel biomarker of intraperitoneal metastasis in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 26 25582317
2019 CLIC4 and CLIC1 bridge plasma membrane and cortical actin network for a successful cytokinesis. Life science alliance 23 31879279
2010 The effect of PAMAM G6 dendrimers on the structure of lipid vesicles. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 23 20714580
1994 A survey of G6 and G10 serotypes of group A bovine rotaviruses from diarrheic beef and dairy calves using monoclonal antibodies in ELISA. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 23 8068748
2021 CLIC1 and CLIC4 mediate endothelial S1P receptor signaling to facilitate Rac1 and RhoA activity and function. Science signaling 22 33879602
2021 Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit Following Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation in Children: Establishing Accuracy of the Dexcom G6 Model. Journal of clinical medicine 22 33925523
2021 Engineered Fluorescent Carbon Dots and G4-G6 PAMAM Dendrimer Nanohybrids for Bioimaging and Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 22 34009977
2019 Analysis of nad2 and nad5 enables reliable identification of genotypes G6 and G7 within the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 22 31247339
2017 CLIC1 null mice demonstrate a role for CLIC1 in macrophage superoxide production and tissue injury. Physiological reports 22 28275112
2016 CLIC1 Induces Drug Resistance in Human Choriocarcinoma Through Positive Regulation of MRP1. Oncology research 22 27983917
2013 Point mutations in the transmembrane region of the clic1 ion channel selectively modify its biophysical properties. PloS one 22 24058583
2011 CLT1 targets angiogenic endothelium through CLIC1 and fibronectin. Angiogenesis 22 22203240
2007 Development and validation of DNA microarray for genotyping group A rotavirus VP4 (P[4], P[6], P[8], P[9], and P[14]) and VP7 (G1 to G6, G8 to G10, and G12) genes. Journal of clinical microbiology 22 17567783
2018 The cellular chloride channels CLIC1 and CLIC4 contribute to virus-mediated cell motility. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 29462791
2003 Functional differences between human formyl peptide receptor isoforms 26, 98, and G6. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 21 12679864
2021 CLIC1 Inhibition Protects Against Cellular Senescence and Endothelial Dysfunction Via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 20 33432550
2020 CLIC1 Protein Accumulates in Circulating Monocyte Membrane during Neurodegeneration. International journal of molecular sciences 20 32098256
2018 Effect of CLIC1 gene silencing on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human gallbladder cancer cells. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 20 29516682
2017 Structural Determination of the Broadly Reactive Anti-IGHV1-69 Anti-idiotypic Antibody G6 and Its Idiotope. Cell reports 20 29241550
2015 Significance of tumour cell HLA-G5/-G6 isoform expression in discrimination for adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma in lung cancer patients. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 20 25689063
2007 Impact of PAMAM G2 and G6 dendrimers on bovine serum albumin (fatty acids free and loaded with different fatty acids). Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 20 18068340
2019 CLIC1 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via integrins/ERK pathways. American journal of translational research 19 30899362
2016 Interaction of Human Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 1 (CLIC1) with Lipid Bilayers: A Fluorescence Study. Biochemistry 19 27299171
1994 Serotype G6 human rotavirus sharing a conserved genetic constellation with natural reassortants between members of the bovine and AU-1 genogroups. Archives of virology 19 7979978
2022 Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles shuttle c-Myc to promote gastric cancer growth and metastasis via the KCNQ1OT1/miR-556-3p/CLIC1 axis. Cell death & disease 18 35260554
2022 Circ_0008287 promotes immune escape of gastric cancer cells through impairing microRNA-548c-3p-dependent inhibition of CLIC1. International immunopharmacology 18 35905561
2016 Recombination between G2 and G6 strains of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in China. Archives of virology 18 27664029
2020 Molecular survey on cattle and sheep hydatidosis and first detection of Echinococcus canadensis (G6/G7) in sheep in Turkey. Parasitology 17 32404231
2020 Up-regulation of CLIC1 activates MYC signaling and forms a positive feedback regulatory loop with MYC in Hepatocellular carcinoma. American journal of cancer research 17 32905514
2016 Investigating Sterol and Redox Regulation of the Ion Channel Activity of CLIC1 Using Tethered Bilayer Membranes. Membranes 16 27941637
2015 Generation of hepatitis E virus-like particles of two new genotypes G5 and G6 and comparison of antigenic properties with those of known genotypes. Veterinary microbiology 16 25934534
2000 Lack of MHC-G4 and soluble (G5, G6) isoforms in the higher primates, Pongidae. Human immunology 16 11137222
2018 Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) contributes to modulation of cyclic AMP-activated whole-cell chloride currents in human bronchial epithelial cells. Physiological reports 14 29368798
2018 The vesicular transfer of CLIC1 from glioblastoma to microvascular endothelial cells requires TRPM7. Oncotarget 14 30279961
2014 CLIC1 functional expression is required for cAMP-induced neurite elongation in post-natal mouse retinal ganglion cells. Journal of neurochemistry 14 25060644
2014 Clic1 plays a role in mouse hepatocarcinoma via modulating Annexin A7 and Gelsolin in vitro and in vivo. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 14 25661391
2013 Intracellular ion channel CLIC1: involvement in microglia-mediated β-amyloid peptide(1-42) neurotoxicity. Neurochemical research 14 23743620

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