Affinage

CHRDL1

Chordin-like protein 1 · UniProt Q9BU40

Length
456 aa
Mass
52.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 9 papers cited in narrative 9 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CHRDL1 encodes ventroptin, a secreted BMP antagonist required for normal anterior segment development of the eye (PMID:22284829). Loss-of-function mutations across multiple classes cause X-linked megalocornea (MGC1), a connection established in seven families and independently replicated in ten additional families (PMID:22284829, PMID:25093588). Mechanistically, CHRDL1 antagonizes BMP signaling in the anterior eye: its loss in a Xenopus knockdown model reproduces the megalocornea phenotype and triggers downregulation of bmp4, altered phospho-SMAD1/5 signaling, and reduced BMP receptor 1A in patient tissue, consistent with negative-feedback dysregulation when antagonism is lost (PMID:25712132). Beyond ocular development, CHRDL1 acts as a tumor suppressor across several cancers, restraining proliferation, migration, EMT, angiogenesis, and stemness. In gastric cancer it is silenced by promoter hypermethylation, and its loss promotes proliferation and migration through BMPR II with activation of Akt, Erk, and β-catenin signaling (PMID:28423564); in glioma stem-like cells it enforces stemness and radioresistance by antagonizing BMP4-induced differentiation (PMID:36497175); in colorectal cancer it suppresses invasion and angiogenesis by downregulating TGF-β/VEGF signaling (PMID:38415870); and in oral squamous cell carcinoma it blocks EMT by suppressing MAPK signaling and MED29 expression (PMID:39462350). CHRDL1 expression is itself controlled post-transcriptionally by microRNAs targeting its 3'-UTR, including miR-532-3p in mesenchymal stromal cells (PMID:32446365).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 7 steps
  1. 2012 High

    Established CHRDL1 as the causal gene for X-linked megalocornea, defining a developmental requirement for this BMP antagonist in the anterior eye where its function had been unknown.

    Evidence Identification of multiple mutation classes across seven MGC1 families plus expression analysis in human fetal cornea, anterior segment, retina, and brain

    PMID:22284829

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not demonstrate the molecular signaling consequence of CHRDL1 loss
    • Did not establish direct BMP-binding biochemistry
  2. 2014 Medium

    Replicated and extended the MGC1 genotype-phenotype link, confirming causation and connecting CHRDL1 to a broader syndromic context.

    Evidence Targeted and whole-exome sequencing in ten additional families with clinical ultrasonography

    PMID:25093588

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve whether Neuhäuser syndrome is di-/multigenic
    • No mechanistic readout of mutation consequences
  3. 2015 High

    Provided the mechanistic basis for MGC1 by showing CHRDL1 normally antagonizes BMP signaling in the anterior eye, with loss causing feedback dysregulation.

    Evidence Morpholino knockdown in Xenopus laevis recapitulating the phenotype, plus phospho-SMAD1/5 and BMPR1A immunostaining and bmp4 RT-qPCR in patient tissue

    PMID:25712132

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct BMP4-CHRDL1 binding not biochemically reconstituted
    • Mechanism linking reduced antagonism to corneal overgrowth not fully resolved
  4. 2017 Medium

    Extended CHRDL1 function to cancer, establishing it as an epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor acting through BMPR II.

    Evidence shRNA knockdown and overexpression in gastric cancer cells, BMPR II rescue, bisulfite sequencing, and xenograft assays

    PMID:28423564

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Direct interaction of CHRDL1 with BMPR II not shown
  5. 2020 Medium

    Identified post-transcriptional control of CHRDL1 by microRNAs, explaining how its anti-proliferative output is downregulated.

    Evidence Dual-luciferase 3'-UTR reporter assays for miR-532-3p (and miR-200b-3p) with knockdown/overexpression functional readouts

    PMID:32446365 PMID:33447177

    Open questions at the time
    • miR-200b-3p/PPARγ axis only partially placed (Low confidence)
    • Physiological relevance of these miRNA axes in vivo unestablished
  6. 2022 Medium

    Showed CHRDL1 enforces cancer stemness by antagonizing BMP4-induced differentiation, linking its developmental BMP-antagonist role to tumor biology.

    Evidence Stable shRNA knockdown in two glioma stem-like cell cultures with stemness, sphere formation, and irradiation survival assays

    PMID:36497175

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Direct BMP4 antagonism in GSCs not biochemically demonstrated
  7. 2024 Medium

    Broadened the tumor-suppressor mechanism beyond BMP to TGF-β/VEGF and MAPK axes controlling EMT and angiogenesis.

    Evidence Knockdown/overexpression with rescue, Western blot, transwell/tube formation assays, and tail-vein metastasis models in colorectal cancer and OSCC

    PMID:38415870 PMID:39462350

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab per study
    • How a BMP antagonist intersects TGF-β/VEGF and MAPK/MED29 not mechanistically unified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CHRDL1 directly engages BMP ligands or receptors at the biochemical level, and whether its diverse cancer-pathway effects converge on a single secreted-antagonist mechanism, remains unresolved.
  • No reconstituted CHRDL1-BMP binding biochemistry in the corpus
  • No structural model
  • Unclear whether TGF-β/VEGF/MAPK effects are direct or downstream of BMP antagonism

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0005576 extracellular region 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2
Partners
BMP4BMPR1ABMPR2

Evidence

Reading pass · 9 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2012 Loss-of-function mutations in CHRDL1 (encoding ventroptin, a BMP antagonist) cause X-linked megalocornea (MGC1), establishing that CHRDL1 is required for normal anterior segment development; CHRDL1 is expressed in the developing human cornea, anterior segment, retina, and fetal brain. Copy-number variation analysis, frameshift/missense/splice-site/nonsense mutation identification in seven MGC1 families; electrophysiological evaluation; expression studies in human fetal tissue American Journal of Human Genetics High 22284829
2015 CHRDL1 (chrdl1) knockdown in Xenopus laevis reproduces the human X-linked megalocornea phenotype; chrdl1 loss leads to downregulation of bmp4 in the eye and altered phospho-SMAD1/5 signaling and reduced BMP receptor 1A in patients, indicating that CHRDL1 normally antagonizes BMP signaling in the anterior eye and its absence triggers negative-feedback reduction of BMP4. Morpholino knockdown in Xenopus laevis (in vivo XMC model); immunostaining for phospho-SMAD1/5 and BMPR1A in patient tissue; RT-qPCR for bmp4 expression Human Molecular Genetics High 25712132
2017 CHRDL1 knockdown in gastric cancer cells promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration through BMPR II by activating Akt, Erk, and β-catenin signaling; hypermethylation of the CHRDL1 promoter silences its expression and reduces secretion in gastric cancer; CHRDL1 overexpression suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. shRNA knockdown; Western blot for Akt, Erk, β-catenin phosphorylation; BMPR II pathway rescue experiments; bisulfite sequencing for promoter methylation; xenograft in vivo experiments Oncotarget Medium 28423564
2022 CHRDL1 depletion in glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) reduces functional and molecular stemness traits and enhances radiation sensitivity, establishing CHRDL1 as an enforcer of stemness in GSCs by antagonizing BMP4-induced differentiation. Stable shRNA-mediated CHRDL1 knockdown in two GSC spheroid cultures; MTT assay, limiting dilution assay, sphere formation assay; Western blot; irradiation survival assays; qRT-PCR Cells Medium 36497175
2024 CHRDL1 inhibits colorectal cancer cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis by downregulating TGF-β/VEGF signaling; Western blot and rescue experiments placed CHRDL1 upstream of TGF-β pathway in the suppression of EMT and angiogenesis. Transwell and tube formation assays; Western blot; rescue experiments; in vivo tail-vein metastasis model Molecular Carcinogenesis Medium 38415870
2024 CHRDL1 suppresses OSCC invasion and metastasis by inhibiting MED29 expression through suppression of the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby blocking EMT. RT-qPCR; Western blot; scratch assay; Transwell assay; immunofluorescence; tail-vein lung metastasis model in nude mice Molecular Medicine Medium 39462350
2020 miR-532-3p promotes proliferation and migration of amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells by targeting the 3' UTR of Chrdl1 and downregulating its expression; Chrdl1 itself suppresses AFMSC proliferation and migration. Dual-luciferase reporter assay for miR-532-3p targeting Chrdl1 3'-UTR; Chrdl1 overexpression and knockdown functional assays Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Medium 32446365
2020 miR-200b-3p targets the 3'-UTR of Chrdl1 and downregulates its expression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts; loss of Chrdl1 partially reverses the anti-apoptotic effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide in palmitic acid-treated cells, implicating Chrdl1 in a miR-200b-3p/Chrdl1/PPARγ axis regulating osteoblast apoptosis. Luciferase reporter gene assay; RT-PCR; Western blot; flow cytometry for apoptosis; CCK-8 viability assay Food & Nutrition Research Low 33447177
2014 Additional novel CHRDL1 mutations in ten families confirm CHRDL1 as the causal gene for X-linked megalocornea (MGC1); a CHRDL1 missense mutation in a Neuhäuser syndrome patient accounts for the MGC1 phenotype, suggesting the syndrome may be di- or multigenic; MGC1 patients have reduced central corneal thickness. Targeted sequencing and whole exome sequencing; clinical ultrasonography PLoS One Medium 25093588

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1990 The CHL 1 (CTF 1) gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important for chromosome transmission and normal cell cycle progression in G2/M. The EMBO journal 137 2265610
1999 Validation study of the in vitro micronucleus test in a Chinese hamster lung cell line (CHL/IU). Mutagenesis 132 10567032
1994 Hypothesis for the evolution of three-helix Chl a/b and Chl a/c light-harvesting antenna proteins from two-helix and four-helix ancestors. Photosynthesis research 109 24311067
1975 Positive selection of mutants with deletions of the gal-chl region of the Salmonella chromosome as a screening procedure for mutagens that cause deletions. Journal of bacteriology 109 1090571
1988 Thermal analysis of CHL V79 cells using differential scanning calorimetry: implications for hyperthermic cell killing and the heat shock response. Journal of cellular physiology 97 3170654
1999 Characterization of p53 in Chinese hamster cell lines CHO-K1, CHO-WBL, and CHL: implications for genotoxicity testing. Mutation research 91 10320750
2000 Decreased and increased expression of the subunit CHL I diminishes Mg chelatase activity and reduces chlorophyll synthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 85 10792831
1997 Mg-chelatase of tobacco: identification of a Chl D cDNA sequence encoding a third subunit, analysis of the interaction of the three subunits with the yeast two-hybrid system, and reconstitution of the enzyme activity by co-expression of recombinant CHL D, CHL H and CHL I. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 70 9418040
2009 Identification of a single peridinin sensing Chl-a excitation in reconstituted PCP by crystallography and spectroscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 61 19934052
1990 A comparison of chromosome aberration induction by 25 compounds tested by two Chinese hamster cell (CHL and CHO) systems in culture. Mutation research 59 2345556
1994 Stable expression of human CYP1A2 and N-acetyltransferases in Chinese hamster CHL cells: mutagenic activation of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline. Cancer research 56 8012961
2019 Gray-zone Lymphoma Between cHL and Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Histopathologic Series From the LYSA. The American journal of surgical pathology 54 30540571
1987 Hyperthermia-induced inhibition of respiration and mitochondrial protein denaturation in CHL cells. International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group 53 3036971
2012 X-linked megalocornea caused by mutations in CHRDL1 identifies an essential role for ventroptin in anterior segment development. American journal of human genetics 51 22284829
2010 After the primary endosymbiosis: an update on the chromalveolate hypothesis and the origins of algae with Chl c. Photosynthesis research 49 20676772
1993 Identification and genetic mapping of CHL genes controlling mitotic chromosome transmission in yeast. Yeast (Chichester, England) 49 8442383
2022 Precise estimation of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content by deconvolution of the absorption spectrum and new simultaneous equations for Chl determination. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 46 34932254
2006 Ferredoxin limits cyclic electron flow around PSI (CEF-PSI) in higher plants--stimulation of CEF-PSI enhances non-photochemical quenching of Chl fluorescence in transplastomic tobacco. Plant & cell physiology 46 16956929
1996 Cloning and characterization of a putative cytadhesin gene (mgc1) from Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infection and immunity 45 8613358
1990 Increased thermostability of thermotolerant CHL V79 cells as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of cellular physiology 45 2312619
2017 Hypermethylation of the CHRDL1 promoter induces proliferation and metastasis by activating Akt and Erk in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 42 28423564
2001 Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, induces sister chromatid exchanges in a Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell line. Mutation research 42 11423350
2011 Evolution of light-harvesting complex proteins from Chl c-containing algae. BMC evolutionary biology 40 21496217
2007 Reflections on the function of IsiA, a cyanobacterial stress-inducible, Chl-binding protein. Photosynthesis research 40 17375369
1999 Mg-chelatase of tobacco: the role of the subunit CHL D in the chelation step of protoporphyrin IX. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 39 10051574
2012 Molecular cloning, characterization and analysis of the intracellular localization of a water-soluble Chl-binding protein from Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera). Plant & cell physiology 38 22419824
1995 Fetus-specific CYP3A7 and adult-specific CYP3A4 expressed in Chinese hamster CHL cells have similar capacity to activate carcinogenic mycotoxins. Cancer research 38 7850790
1991 Mutation induction by okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, in CHL cells, but not in S. typhimurium. Mutation research 35 1658641
1985 Molybdate reduction by Escherichia coli K-12 and its chl mutants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 34 3881754
2015 Molecular mechanism of CHRDL1-mediated X-linked megalocornea in humans and in Xenopus model. Human molecular genetics 28 25712132
1987 Cloning of seven differently complementing DNA fragments with chl functions from Escherichia coli K12. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 27 3035339
1976 Selection of temperature-sensitive CHL asparagyl-tRNA synthetase mutants using the toxic lysine analog, S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine. Cell 27 1017011
1975 Membrane reconstitution in chl-r mutants of Escherichia coli K 12. VIII. Purification and properties of the FA factor, the product of the chl B gene. Biochimica et biophysica acta 26 1095060
2021 Primary charge separation within the structurally symmetric tetrameric Chl2APAPBChl2B chlorophyll exciplex in photosystem I. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology 25 33636482
2001 The rate of folate receptor alpha (FR alpha) synthesis in folate depleted CHL cells is regulated by a translational mechanism sensitive to media folate levels, while stable overexpression of its mRNA is mediated by gene amplification and an increase in transcript half-life. Journal of cellular biochemistry 23 11241661
2001 N-nitrosocarbofuran, but not carbofuran, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in CHL cells. Toxicology 22 11718956
2014 Association of CHRDL1 mutations and variants with X-linked megalocornea, Neuhäuser syndrome and central corneal thickness. PloS one 21 25093588
2012 Metabolic engineering of the Chl d-dominated cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina: production of a novel Chl species by the introduction of the chlorophyllide a oxygenase gene. Plant & cell physiology 20 22302713
2011 Transcript levels of CHL P gene, antioxidants and chlorophylls contents in olive (Olea europaea L.) pericarps: a comparative study on eleven olive cultivars harvested in two ripening stages. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 20 21253861
2011 Effect of reducing the top concentration used in the in vitro chromosomal aberration test in CHL cells on the evaluation of industrial chemical genotoxicity. Mutation research 20 22020093
2016 Thylakoid membrane model of the Chl a fluorescence transient and P700 induction kinetics in plant leaves. Photosynthesis research 19 27368165
1987 Role of extracellular calcium in the hyperthermic killing of CHL V79 cells. Radiation research 19 3423214
1996 Analysis of micronucleus induction of pyrimethamine in in vitro CHL cells and in in vivo mouse bone marrow cells. Mutagenesis 17 8671721
1992 Stable expression of monkey cytochrome P-450IA1 cDNA in Chinese hamster CHL cells and its application for detection of mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1. Mutation research 17 1370240
2008 Triplet-triplet energy transfer in Peridinin-Chlorophyll a-protein reconstituted with Chl a and Chl d as revealed by optically detected magnetic resonance and pulse EPR: comparison with the native PCP complex from Amphidinium carterae. Biochimica et biophysica acta 16 19150328
2002 Chiral reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography for determining propranolol enantiomers in transgenic Chinese hamster CHL cell lines expressing human cytochrome P450. Journal of biochemical and biophysical methods 16 12543512
1997 Multilaboratory comparison of in vitro tests for chromosome aberrations in CHO and CHL cells tested under the same protocols. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis 16 9118971
1982 Involvement of a gene of the chl E locus in the regulation of the nitrate reductase operon. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 16 7045588
2018 Fine-tuning of FOXO3A in cHL as a survival mechanism and a hallmark of abortive plasma cell differentiation. Blood 15 29439954
1994 Induction of chromosome aberrations by pyrimethamine in cultured Chinese hamster (CHL) cells. Mutation research 15 7512690
1988 Anthocyanin production in chl-rich and chl-poor seedlings. Plant physiology 15 16665964
1983 Membrane cytochromes of Escherichia coli chl mutants. Journal of bacteriology 15 6302081
2018 Three phases of energy-dependent induction of [Formula: see text] and Chl a fluorescence in Tradescantia fluminensis leaves. Photosynthesis research 14 29516232
2011 CHL-1 provides an essential function affecting cell proliferation and chromosome stability in Caenorhabditis elegans. DNA repair 14 21968058
2010 Etoposide; colchicine; mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide tested in the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test (MNvit) in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells at Covance laboratories; Harrogate UK in support of OECD draft Test Guideline 487. Mutation research 13 20226265
1997 Stable expression of human cytochrome CYP2B6 and CYP1A1 in Chinese hamster CHL cells: their use in micronucleus assays. Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih 13 11360624
1975 Membrane reconstitution in chl-r mutants of Escherichia coli K 12. IX. Part played by phospholipids in the complementation process. Biochimica et biophysica acta 13 1095061
2019 New insights on ChlD1 function in Photosystem II from site-directed mutants of D1/T179 in Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Bioenergetics 12 30703365
2013 X-linked Megalocornea Associated with the Novel CHRDL1 Gene Mutation p.(Pro56Leu*8). Ophthalmic genetics 12 24073597
2001 Cloning of UGT1A9 cDNA from liver tissues and its expression in CHL cells. World journal of gastroenterology 12 11854913
2000 Characterization of the Porphyridium cruentum Chl a-binding LHC by in vitro reconstitution: LHCaR1 binds 8 Chl a molecules and proportionately more carotenoids than CAB proteins. Photosynthesis research 12 16252167
1975 Membrane reconstitution in chl-r mutants of Escherichia coli K 12. VII. Purification of the soluble ATPase of supernatant extracts and kinetics of incorporation into reconstituted particles. Biochimica et biophysica acta 12 124590
2024 Effect of CHRDL1 on angiogenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via TGF-β/VEGF pathway. Molecular carcinogenesis 11 38415870
2020 Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) inhibits palmitic acid (PA)-induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis by regulating miR-200b-3p/Chrdl1/PPARγ. Food & nutrition research 11 33447177
2011 An overview of cancer/testis antigens expression in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) identifies MAGE-A family and MAGE-C1 as the most frequently expressed antigens in a set of Brazilian cHL patients. BMC cancer 11 21951388
2003 Origin and evolution of transmembrane Chl-binding proteins: hydrophobic cluster analysis suggests a common one-helix ancestor for prokaryotic (Pcb) and eukaryotic (LHC) antenna protein superfamilies. FEMS microbiology letters 11 12757947
2022 Impact of Tumour Epstein-Barr Virus Status on Clinical Outcome in Patients with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL): A Review of the Literature and Analysis of a Clinical Trial Cohort of Children with cHL. Cancers 10 36077832
2004 N-nitroso metabolite of carbofuran induces apoptosis in CHL cells by cytochrome c-mediated activation of caspases. Toxicology 10 15297019
1999 Interlaboratory validation of the in vitro eye irritation tests for cosmetic ingredients. (10) Evaluation of cytotoxicity test on CHL cells. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 10 20654477
2022 CHRDL1 Regulates Stemness in Glioma Stem-like Cells. Cells 9 36497175
2020 The miR-532-3p/Chrdl1 axis regulates the proliferation and migration of amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 9 32446365
2019 Impact assessment of barge trafficking on phytoplankton abundance and Chl a concentration, in River Ganga, India. PloS one 9 31483812
2002 Cloning of cytochrome P-450 2C9 cDNA from human liver and its expression in CHL cells. World journal of gastroenterology 9 11925616
1995 Simultaneous expression of human CYP3A7 and N-acetyltransferase in Chinese hamster CHL cells results in high cytotoxicity for carcinogenic heterocyclic amines. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 9 7625840
1994 A genetic polymorphism within the third poly(A) signal of the DHFR gene alters the polyadenylation pattern of DHFR transcripts in CHL cells. Nucleic acids research 9 8041633
1992 Differential utilization of poly (A) signals between DHFR alleles in CHL cells. Nucleic acids research 9 1480480
1980 A gamma l heavy-chain disease protein *EST) lacking the entire VH and CHl domains. Scandinavian journal of immunology 9 6777865
2023 Food Group, Macronutrient Intake, and Metabolic Status in the US-Affiliated Pacific's Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program. The Journal of nutrition 8 35927738
2023 CHRDL1, NEFH, TAGLN and SYNM as novel diagnostic biomarkers of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 8 37781794
2011 Spectroscopic studies on interaction and sonodynamic damage of metallochlorophyllin (Chl-M (M=Fe, Zn and Cu)) to protein under ultrasonic irradiation. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 8 21680231
2005 The formation of Zn-Chl a in Chlorella heterotrophically grown in the dark with an excessive amount of Zn2+. Plant & cell physiology 8 15753102
2000 Concurrent detection of gene mutations and chromosome aberrations induced by five chemicals in a CHL/IU cell line incorporating a gpt shuttle vector. Mutation research 8 11080658
1998 Sequence and functional characterization of RNase P RNA from the chl alb containing cyanobacterium Prochlorothrix hollandica. FEBS letters 8 9654127
1991 Isolation of a menadione-resistant subclone from Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells in culture. Mutation research 8 1648663
2024 CHL-DTI: A Novel High-Low Order Information Convergence Framework for Effective Drug-Target Interaction Prediction. Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences 7 38483753
2024 CHRDL1 inhibits OSCC metastasis via MAPK signaling-mediated inhibition of MED29. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 7 39462350
2015 Novel Mutation in the CHRDL1 Gene Detected in Patients With Megalocornea. Cornea 7 26020825
1989 Protein degradation in CHL V79 cells during and after exposure to 43 degrees C. Radiation research 7 2756111
1987 Mutagenic evaluation of etintidine (BL-5641), a novel histamine H2-receptor antagonist, using the chromosome aberration test in CHL cells and the micronucleus test in mice. Mutation research 7 2889140
2018 Potential role of mitochondrial damage and S9 mixture including metabolic enzymes in ZnO nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cells. Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis 6 30173861
2013 Reactive oxygen production induced by near-infrared radiation in three strains of the Chl d-containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina. F1000Research 6 24555034
2004 [CHL prevent colon neoplasms in mice and its selective inhibition on COX-2]. Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer 6 15566646
1998 [Establishment of transgenic cell line CHL-3A4 and its metabolic activation]. Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] 6 10322772
1995 Prolonged incubation with low concentrations of mercury alters energy transfer and chlorophyll (Chl) a protein complexes in Synechococcus 6301: changes in Chl a absorption and emission characteristics and loss of the F695 emission band. Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine 6 7647520
2015 Outer ear canal sound pressure and bone vibration measurement in SSD and CHL patients using a transcutaneous bone conduction instrument. Hearing research 5 26723102
2013 Pigment organization effects on energy transfer and Chl a emission imaged in the diatoms C. meneghiniana and P. tricornutum in vivo: a confocal laser scanning fluorescence (CLSF) microscopy and spectroscopy study. The journal of physical chemistry. B 5 23844975
2013 Concurrent malignant melanoma and cutaneous involvement by classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) in a 63 year-old man. Diagnostic pathology 5 23938065
1988 Amino acid pools in CHL V79 cells during induction of thermotolerance: reduction in free intracellular glutamine. Journal of cellular physiology 5 3366790
1997 Development of a novel CHL/IU cell line with an incorporated gpt shuttle vector for concurrent analysis of gene mutations and chromosome aberrations. Mutation research 4 9393622
1979 A ts mutant isolated from CHL cells: inhibition of DNA replication at nonpermissive temperature. Somatic cell genetics 4 432760

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for CHRDL1? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.