Affinage

CHD1

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler CHD1 · UniProt O14646

Length
1710 aa
Mass
196.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 47 papers cited in narrative 47 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CHD1 is a conserved ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that couples histone mark recognition to nucleosome sliding, assembly, and spacing, thereby maintaining chromatin integrity during transcription, DNA repair, and replication-independent histone deposition. Its tandem chromodomains bind H3K4me2/3 and dimethylated KDM1A K114, recruiting the remodeler to active promoters and enhancers in cooperation with the Mediator complex; the Snf2-family ATPase motor engages nucleosomal DNA at SHL+2 and is regulated by autoinhibitory chromodomains and a bridge element that prevent futile sliding in the absence of proper nucleosomal substrates (PMID:20832723, PMID:29019976, PMID:33468676, PMID:16263726, PMID:26751641, PMID:21979373). CHD1 facilitates RNA polymerase II elongation through chromatin by evicting promoter-proximal nucleosomes, cooperating with FACT to spread across gene bodies, suppressing cryptic transcription, and maintaining H2B monoubiquitination and H2A.Z occupancy at transcription start sites (PMID:24737864, PMID:34380014, PMID:22549955, PMID:28475736, PMID:22922743). Beyond transcription, CHD1 deposits histone variant H3.3 via the HIRA chaperone, promotes homologous recombination-mediated DNA double-strand break repair by enabling CtIP recruitment and γH2AX retention, participates in nucleotide excision repair through XPC-to-TFIIH handover, and—when stabilized by PTEN loss through blockade of GSK3β/β-TrCP-mediated degradation—drives NF-κB and IL6-dependent pro-tumorigenic transcription programs (PMID:17717186, PMID:34610319, PMID:27596623, PMID:29529298, PMID:29018037, PMID:28166537, PMID:32385075).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 19 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Initial biochemical characterization established that CHD1 is a bulk chromatin-associated protein that binds A·T-rich DNA via a C-terminal segment and undergoes cell-cycle-dependent nuclear exclusion during mitosis, defining it as a chromatin structural component.

    Evidence DNA binding assays, nuclear fractionation, and immunocytochemistry across the cell cycle

    PMID:7739555

    Open questions at the time
    • ATPase activity not yet demonstrated
    • no functional connection to transcription established
  2. 1999 High

    Domain dissection showed that both the chromodomain and ATPase domain are required for chromatin association, and identified SSRP1 (FACT subunit) as a direct physical partner, linking CHD1 to the transcription elongation machinery.

    Evidence Transient transfection with domain mutants, co-immunoprecipitation with SSRP1, co-localization on polytene chromosomes

    PMID:10199952

    Open questions at the time
    • functional consequence of FACT interaction unknown
    • no enzymatic remodeling activity shown
  3. 2003 High

    Yeast genetic and biochemical studies placed Chd1 within the transcription elongation network by demonstrating physical interactions with Paf1 complex, Spt4-Spt5, and FACT, and showing that CHD1 deletion suppresses elongation factor mutations.

    Evidence Two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, genetic suppression of spt5 alleles, ChIP at active genes in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:12682017

    Open questions at the time
    • mechanism by which CHD1 facilitates elongation not defined
    • whether CHD1 acts enzymatically in this context unknown
  4. 2005 High

    Three concurrent studies established CHD1's core biochemical activities: the tandem chromodomains of human CHD1 selectively recognize H3K4me2/3 (Kd ~5 µM), yeast Chd1 chromodomains read H3K4me within SAGA/SLIK HAT complexes to enhance acetylation, and purified CHD1 functions as an ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor that cooperates with NAP1 to generate regularly spaced nucleosomes.

    Evidence In vitro binding and Kd measurements, HAT assays with methylated substrates, purified reconstitution with NAP1/core histones/DNA

    PMID:15643425 PMID:15647753 PMID:16263726

    Open questions at the time
    • how H3K4me reading couples to remodeling activity unclear
    • in vivo chromatin assembly role not demonstrated
  5. 2007 High

    Drosophila genetics revealed that CHD1 is essential for replication-independent deposition of histone variant H3.3 into the male pronucleus via interaction with chaperone HIRA, establishing a non-remodeling function in histone variant incorporation.

    Evidence Genetic knockout in Drosophila, immunofluorescence for H3.3, co-immunoprecipitation with HIRA

    PMID:17717186

    Open questions at the time
    • whether H3.3 deposition role is conserved in mammals not yet shown
    • structural basis of HIRA-CHD1 interaction unknown
  6. 2009 High

    Two studies established CHD1's role in maintaining pluripotent chromatin state and in centromeric histone deposition: CHD1 maintains euchromatin in mouse ESCs and is required for reprogramming, while CHD1 cooperates with FACT to deposit CENP-A at centromeres.

    Evidence RNAi in mouse ESCs with differentiation/reprogramming assays; conditional mutants with centromeric CENP-A analysis

    PMID:19587682 PMID:19625449

    Open questions at the time
    • direct mechanism of euchromatin maintenance at molecular level unclear
    • CENP-A deposition role not structurally characterized
  7. 2010 High

    The crystal structure of Chd1 revealed a key autoinhibitory mechanism: the double chromodomain packs against the ATPase motor to block DNA binding, preventing activation on naked DNA and ensuring nucleosome-specific remodeling.

    Evidence Crystal structure of Chd1, site-directed mutagenesis, ATPase and nucleosome sliding assays

    PMID:20832723

    Open questions at the time
    • how autoinhibition is relieved upon nucleosome engagement not resolved
    • chromodomain conformational dynamics unknown
  8. 2011 High

    Structural and functional studies defined the DNA-binding domain (SANT-SLIDE) as a sensor of extranucleosomal (linker) DNA that dictates sliding direction, established the Mediator complex as required for CHD1 promoter recruitment, and showed fission yeast Chd1 orthologs establish regular nucleosome arrays genome-wide to suppress cryptic transcription.

    Evidence Crystal structures, domain-swap chimera sliding assays, MuDPIT proteomics of PICs, genome-wide nucleosome mapping in S. pombe

    PMID:21623345 PMID:21969605 PMID:21979373 PMID:23103765

    Open questions at the time
    • full-length structure on nucleosome not yet available
    • how Mediator hands off to CHD1 mechanistically unclear
  9. 2012 High

    Genome-wide studies established that Chd1 maintains nucleosome occupancy and H2B monoubiquitination over gene bodies and, together with Isw1b, prevents deleterious trans-histone exchange during transcription elongation.

    Evidence Genome-wide histone exchange assays, ChIP-seq for H2Bub, genetic deletions in S. cerevisiae and validation in human cells

    PMID:22549955 PMID:22922743

    Open questions at the time
    • whether H2Bub maintenance is a direct or indirect consequence of remodeling unknown
    • relative contribution of Chd1 vs Isw1b not fully deconvolved
  10. 2014 High

    Chd1 was shown to be the major nucleosome turnover enzyme at promoter-proximal nucleosomes, where it evicts nucleosomes to enable RNA Pol II promoter escape; Chd1 also directly binds rDNA and is required for both Pol I and Pol II transcriptional output in mouse embryos.

    Evidence Dominant-negative Chd1 with MNase-ChIP and Pol II mapping; Chd1 knockout mouse embryos with nascent transcript analysis

    PMID:24737864 PMID:25480920

    Open questions at the time
    • mechanism of nucleosome eviction vs sliding not distinguished
    • whether Pol I role requires same biochemical activity unclear
  11. 2016 High

    Multiple studies expanded CHD1's functional repertoire: CHD1 reads dimethylated KDM1A K114 to drive AR-dependent transcription and TMPRSS2-ERG fusions; CHD1 is required for CtIP recruitment and homologous recombination at DSBs (with PARP inhibitor sensitivity upon loss); and Chd1 requires entry-side H2A/H2B and is stimulated by H2Bub for directional hexasome sliding.

    Evidence Co-crystal structure of KDM1A-K114me2/CHD1 chromodomain; HR/NHEJ repair assays with CHD1 depletion; reconstituted hexasome sliding assays

    PMID:26751641 PMID:27596623 PMID:28032848

    Open questions at the time
    • structural basis of CtIP recruitment unknown
    • how KDM1A methylation is regulated upstream unclear
    • hexasome directionality not confirmed in vivo
  12. 2017 High

    A convergence of cryo-EM, crosslinking, single-molecule, and genetic studies resolved Chd1's nucleosome engagement architecture (ATPase at SHL+2, chromodomains at SHL+1, SANT-SLIDE contacting detached DNA at SHL-7), its bidirectional sliding dynamics, sequence sensitivity at SHL2, roles in NER (XPC-to-TFIIH handover), 53BP1 regulation, and PTEN-dependent stabilization driving NF-κB transcription.

    Evidence Cryo-EM at 4.8 Å, site-specific crosslinking, single-molecule FRET, ChIP at UV lesions, PTEN genetic models with phosphorylation/ubiquitination assays

    PMID:28111016 PMID:28166537 PMID:28189426 PMID:28383660 PMID:28943314 PMID:29018037 PMID:29019976

    Open questions at the time
    • high-resolution view of DNA translocation intermediate not yet captured
    • PTEN-CHD1-NF-κB axis not structurally resolved
    • NER mechanism not reconstituted with purified components
  13. 2018 High

    Transition-state cryo-EM structures showed Chd1 makes conserved single-strand translocase contacts plus unique dual-strand contacts, prises linker DNA off the octamer, and re-orients H3 tail and H2Bub; separately, CRISPR knockout revealed CHD1 loss reduces H2AX incorporation and retention at DSBs, and an N-terminal autoinhibitory region was identified.

    Evidence Cryo-EM with ADP-BeF3; CRISPR knockout with single-DSB ChIP; SAXS and stopped-flow for nucleotide-dependent unwrapping

    PMID:29529298 PMID:29850894 PMID:30079888

    Open questions at the time
    • full translocation cycle intermediates not captured
    • N-terminal regulatory domain structure unresolved
  14. 2019 High

    CHD1 was found to occupy prostate-specific enhancers with AR, and its loss redistributes the AR cistrome to oncogenic targets; separately, yeast Chd1 was linked to sister chromatid cohesion through cohesin regulation.

    Evidence ChIP-seq for CHD1/AR with ATAC-seq in mouse prostate tumor models; genetic cohesion assays in yeast

    PMID:30930119 PMID:31222142

    Open questions at the time
    • mechanism of enhancer-specific CHD1 recruitment unclear
    • cohesin link is correlative and mechanistically indirect
  15. 2020 High

    In PTEN-deficient prostate cancer, CHD1 activates IL6 transcription to recruit immunosuppressive MDSCs, establishing CHD1 as a mediator of immune evasion; CHD1 loss also reshapes chromatin accessibility enabling lineage plasticity and antiandrogen resistance through specific transcription factors.

    Evidence Conditional knockout in Pten/Smad4 GEMMs with tumor microenvironment analysis; ATAC-seq/RNA-seq with CRISPR screens

    PMID:32220301 PMID:32385075

    Open questions at the time
    • direct CHD1 binding to IL6 regulatory elements not mapped at nucleosome resolution
    • lineage plasticity mechanism not linked to specific remodeling events
  16. 2021 High

    Structural and genomic studies revealed how Chd1 cooperates with FACT during Pol II transcription: Chd1 pumps DNA toward Pol II when the proximal H2A-H2B dimer is exposed, FACT then displaces Chd1; Chd1 aids FACT spreading across gene bodies; autoinhibitory chromodomains and bridge synergize to block sliding in inappropriate nucleotide states; and Chd1 loss causes DSB accumulation at long, GC-rich Pol II-transcribed genes.

    Evidence Cryo-EM of transcribing Pol II-Chd1/FACT complexes, single-molecule FACT tracking, autoinhibition biochemistry, γH2AX ChIP-seq in Chd1 KO ESCs

    PMID:33468676 PMID:33846633 PMID:34380014 PMID:34381042

    Open questions at the time
    • complete structural trajectory of Chd1-to-FACT handoff not captured
    • whether DSB accumulation is due to replication-transcription conflicts or direct topological stress unresolved
  17. 2021 High

    CHD1's role in H3.3 deposition was confirmed in adult Drosophila brain, where Chd1 loss reduces H3.3 levels genome-wide, de-represses transcription, and shortens lifespan, establishing a conserved post-mitotic function.

    Evidence Quantitative mass spectrometry for histone variants in fly heads, genetic interaction with HIRA, brain-specific rescue

    PMID:34610319

    Open questions at the time
    • mammalian adult brain H3.3 deposition role not demonstrated
    • whether transcriptional de-repression is a direct consequence of H3.3 loss unknown
  18. 2022 High

    A 2.3 Å cryo-EM structure captured Chd1 in a nucleotide-free state, revealing that the remodeler stimulates absorption of an extra nucleotide on each DNA strand (with local A-form geometry) and identified a histone-binding motif (ChEx) that can block opposing remodelers, suggesting a mechanism for directional DNA ratcheting and histone reorganization.

    Evidence Cryo-EM at 2.3 Å resolution

    PMID:35173352

    Open questions at the time
    • ChEx motif function not validated in vivo
    • full ratcheting cycle across multiple nucleotide states not yet assembled
  19. 2024 High

    Cryo-EM structures of Chd1 on hexasome-nucleosome di-nucleosome substrates showed that absence of the inner H2A-H2B dimer locks the DNA-binding domain against the ATPase in an inhibited state, and FACT-mediated restoration of the dimer releases this inhibition—providing a structural basis for FACT-Chd1 cooperativity during transcription.

    Evidence Cryo-EM of Chd1-hexasome-nucleosome complexes with in vitro reconstitution

    PMID:39270644

    Open questions at the time
    • in vivo validation of FACT-triggered activation at di-nucleosome substrates lacking
    • whether this mechanism operates identically at all gene bodies unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the complete structural trajectory of the DNA translocation cycle across all nucleotide states, how CHD1 coordinates its multiple roles (remodeling, H3.3 deposition, DNA repair) at the same genomic loci, the structural basis of CHD1-HIRA interaction, and whether CHD1's DNA repair functions require its remodeling activity or represent separable biochemical functions.
  • complete translocation cycle across all nucleotide states not captured
  • structural basis of HIRA interaction unknown
  • whether repair and remodeling functions are biochemically separable not tested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 6 GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 4 GO:0042393 histone binding 3
Localization
GO:0005694 chromosome 4 GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 5 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 4
Partners
ARCTIPHIRAKDM1ANAP1SPT5SSRP1SUPT16H
Complex memberships
Mediator-PICSAGA/SLIK

Evidence

Reading pass · 47 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 The chromodomain of yeast Chd1 specifically interacts with methylated lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me) and is a component of the SAGA and SLIK HAT complexes; SLIK shows enhanced acetylation of a methylated substrate dependent on a functional methyl-binding chromodomain, both in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro binding assays, histone acetyltransferase assays with methylated substrates Nature High 15647753
2005 Human CHD1 (but not yeast Chd1) directly and selectively binds histone H3 methylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me2/3) via its tandem chromodomains acting cooperatively, with Kd ~5 µM for di- and trimethyl H3K4. In vitro binding studies, dissociation constant measurements, domain mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry High 16263726
2005 CHD1 functions as an ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor, existing predominantly as a monomer; it catalyzes processive transfer of histones from the NAP1 chaperone to DNA, yielding regularly spaced nucleosomes with a shorter repeat length than ACF, and cannot assemble chromatin containing histone H1. Purified reconstitution assay with CHD1, NAP1, core histones, and relaxed DNA; comparative analysis with ACF Nature structural & molecular biology High 15643425
2003 Yeast Chd1 interacts with transcription elongation factors Rtf1 (Paf1 complex), Spt4-Spt5, and Spt16-Pob3 (FACT), co-immunoprecipitates with these elongation factors, and associates with actively transcribed chromatin regions; deletion of CHD1 suppresses cold-sensitive spt5 mutations. Two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, genetic suppression, chromatin immunoprecipitation The EMBO journal High 12682017
2007 CHD1 is required for deposition of histone variant H3.3 into the male pronucleus in Drosophila embryos; CHD1 interacts with histone chaperone HIRA in cytoplasmic extracts, and its elimination abolishes H3.3 incorporation and leads to failure of paternal genome participation in zygotic mitosis. Genetic knockout in Drosophila, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation with HIRA Science (New York, N.Y.) High 17717186
2010 The double chromodomain unit of Chd1 blocks DNA binding and activation of the ATPase motor in the absence of nucleosome substrates; an acidic helix joining the chromodomains packs against a DNA-binding surface of the ATPase motor; disruption of the chromodomain-ATPase interface prevents discrimination between nucleosomes and naked DNA and reduces reliance on histone H4 tail for nucleosome sliding. Crystal structure of Chd1, site-directed mutagenesis, ATPase and nucleosome sliding assays Molecular cell High 20832723
2011 The DNA-binding domain of Chd1 contains SANT and SLIDE domains required for nucleosome binding and remodeling; site-directed mutagenesis of key residues reduces DNA binding and nucleosome sliding activity; homologous SLIDE domains were identified in CHD6-9 proteins. Crystal structure determination, site-directed mutagenesis, nucleosome binding and remodeling assays The EMBO journal High 21623345
2011 The DNA-binding domain of Chd1 is critical for centering mononucleosomes on short DNA fragments by sensing extranucleosomal DNA; replacing the native DNA-binding domain with foreign DNA-binding domains (AraC or engrailed) redirects nucleosome sliding toward their respective target DNA sequences, demonstrating that the DNA-binding domain's affinity for extranucleosomal DNA dictates sliding direction. Domain-swap experiments, nucleosome sliding assays with foreign DNA-binding domains fused to Chd1 Molecular and cellular biology High 21969605
2012 Chd1 (along with Isw1b) prevents trans-histone exchange over coding regions of actively transcribed genes; Isw1b is recruited to open reading frames via H3K36 methylation through the PWWP domain of Ioc4, and acts in conjunction with Chd1 to maintain chromatin integrity during transcription elongation. Genome-wide histone exchange assays, in vitro binding assays, genetic deletion analyses in S. cerevisiae Nature structural & molecular biology High 22922743
2017 Cryo-EM structure of Chd1 bound to a nucleosome at 4.8 Å reveals that Chd1 detaches two turns of DNA from the histone octamer; SANT and SLIDE domains contact detached DNA at SHL -7; ATPase motor binds the second DNA gyre at SHL +2 and is anchored to the histone H4 N-terminal tail; the double chromodomain swings toward nucleosomal DNA at SHL +1 causing ATPase closure. Cryo-electron microscopy structure determination, comparison with transition state-mimicking compounds Nature High 29019976
2018 Cryo-EM structures of yeast Chd1 engaged with nucleosomes in ADP-beryllium fluoride transition state show contacts conserved with single-strand translocases plus additional contacts with both strands unique to Snf2-related proteins; Chd1 binding prises two turns of linker DNA off the histone octamer and re-orients both the histone H3 tail and ubiquitin conjugated to H2B K120 toward the unraveled DNA. Cryo-EM structure determination with transition state mimic ADP-beryllium fluoride eLife High 30079888
2021 Cryo-EM structures show that Pol II transcription through a nucleosome is facilitated by Chd1 and FACT when elongation factors Spt4/5 and TFIIS are present; Pol II transcription exposes the proximal H2A-H2B dimer, releasing the inhibitory DNA-binding region of Chd1 to pump DNA toward Pol II; subsequently, FACT binds the partially unraveled nucleosome and excludes Chd1 and Spt5. Cryo-EM structural analysis of transcribing Pol II-Spt4/5-nucleosome complexes with Chd1 or FACT; in vitro transcription biochemistry Nature structural & molecular biology High 33846633
2009 Chd1 is required to maintain the open/euchromatic chromatin of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells; it associates with promoters of active genes, and its downregulation leads to heterochromatin accumulation and loss of pluripotency; Chd1 is also required for efficient somatic cell reprogramming. RNAi knockdown in mouse ESCs, chromatin immunoprecipitation, differentiation assays, reprogramming assays Nature High 19587682
2009 CHD1 interacts with SSRP1 (a subunit of FACT) both in vivo and in vitro; CHD1 associates with centromeres in a SSRP1-dependent manner; CHD1 knockdown reduces CENP-A deposition at centromeres; the CENP-H complex facilitates CENP-A deposition cooperatively with FACT and CHD1. Conditional mutant cell lines, co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi knockdown, immunofluorescence at centromeres Molecular biology of the cell High 19625449
1995 CHD1 preferentially binds to A.T-rich tracts in double-stranded DNA via minor-groove interactions; DNA-binding activity maps to a 229-amino-acid C-terminal segment; CHD1 is a bulk chromatin constituent extractable with high salt or EDTA after micrococcal nuclease digestion; CHD1 is released into the cytoplasm during mitosis and reincorporated during telophase-cytokinesis. DNA binding assays, nuclear fractionation, immunocytochemistry, subcellular localization during cell cycle Molecular and cellular biology High 7739555
1999 Both the chromodomain and ATPase/helicase-like domain of CHD1 are essential for proper chromatin association; CHD1 interacts in vivo with SSRP1 (an HMG box protein/FACT subunit) via an N-terminal segment outside the chromodomain; CHD1 and SSRP1 co-localize in mammalian nuclei and on Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Transient transfection with mutant CHD1, co-immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry Chromosoma High 10199952
2011 Murine Chd1 is recruited to naive chromatin and more so to H3K4me3 chromatin; the Mediator coactivator complex is required for CHD1 recruitment; CHD1 associates with PIC components including Mediator; coimmunoprecipitation of CHD1 and Mediator is abolished by shRNA knockdown of a specific Mediator subunit. MuDPIT mass spectrometry of purified PICs, co-immunoprecipitation, shRNA knockdown, genome-wide ChIP Genes & development High 21979373
2016 CHD1 reads the dimethylated K114 mark on KDM1A (LSD1); CHD1 is identified as a KDM1A K114me2 reader, and the co-crystal structure of the KDM1A K114me2-CHD1 chromodomain interaction is determined; genome-wide analyses show chromatin co-localization of KDM1A K114me2, CHD1, and androgen receptor (AR) in prostate tumor cells; this assembly drives AR-dependent transcription and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions. Co-crystal structure, genome-wide ChIP-seq, co-immunoprecipitation, functional transcription and translocation assays Nature structural & molecular biology High 26751641
2017 PTEN stimulates GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of CHD1 degron domains, promoting CHD1 degradation via β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination-proteasome pathway; PTEN deficiency stabilizes CHD1, which then engages H3K4me3 to activate the TNF-NF-κB pro-tumorigenic gene network. Phosphorylation assays, ubiquitination assays, proteasome inhibition, genetic PTEN manipulation, transcriptome analyses Nature High 28166537
2014 Chd1 is recruited to promoter-proximal nucleosomes of actively transcribed genes and is responsible for the vast majority of Pol II-directed nucleosome turnover; dominant-negative Chd1 increases Pol II stalling past the entry site of promoter-proximal nucleosomes; Chd1 evicts nucleosomes downstream of the promoter to enable Pol II promoter escape. MNase-ChIP with dominant-negative Chd1, nucleosome turnover assays, Pol II distribution mapping eLife High 24737864
2016 Chd1 shifts hexasomes unidirectionally because it requires H2A/H2B on the entry side for sliding; ubiquitin-conjugated H2B on the entry side of asymmetric nucleosomes stimulates nucleosome sliding by Chd1. Nucleosome sliding assays with defined hexasomes and asymmetric nucleosomes, Widom 601 positioning sequence eLife High 28032848
2017 Site-specific cross-linking shows Chd1 chromodomains and ATPase motor bind adjacent SHL1 and SHL2 sites on nucleosomal DNA and pack against the DNA-binding domain on DNA exiting the nucleosome, bridging both DNA gyres and ~90-bp nucleosomal loop; this architecture enables Chd1 to sense extranucleosomal DNA and provides a basis for nucleosome spacing and directional sliding. Site-specific cross-linking, structural biochemistry, functional sliding assays Molecular cell High 28111016
2017 Monomeric Chd1 shifts nucleosomal DNA bidirectionally by dynamically alternating between different segments of the nucleosome; it generates unstable remodeling intermediates that relax to pre-remodeled positions; the DNA-binding domain and chromodomains are key regulatory domains controlling substrate discrimination and direction of sliding. Single-molecule FRET imaging, ATPase assays, domain truncation analysis Molecular cell High 28943314
2013 CHD1 is required for efficient recruitment of AR to responsive promoters; CHD1 inactivation in vitro prevents formation of ERG rearrangements by impairing AR-dependent transcription; CHD1 regulates expression of AR-responsive tumor suppressors NKX3-1, FOXO1, and PPARγ. RNAi in vitro knockdown, ChIP for AR recruitment, FISH for ERG rearrangements, gene expression analysis Cancer research High 23492366
2016 CHD1 is required for CtIP recruitment to chromatin and end resection during DNA double-strand break repair; CHD1 loss specifically affects HR-mediated DNA repair but not NHEJ; CHD1 depletion sensitizes cells to PARP inhibitors. ChIP for CtIP, DNA repair assays (HR vs. NHEJ), PARP inhibitor sensitivity assays in prostate cancer cells EMBO reports High 27596623
2017 CHD1 loss leads to decreased error-free HR repair and increased error-prone NHEJ repair; CHD1 regulates 53BP1 stability; CHD1 loss sensitizes cells to DNA damaging therapy with evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and patient-derived organoid cultures. Genetically engineered mouse model, isogenic cell lines, patient-derived organoids, HR/NHEJ repair assays, 53BP1 stability analysis Annals of oncology High 28383660
2018 CHD1 loss in human cells reduces γH2AX formation at DSBs due to both global reduction in H2AX incorporation and poor retention of H2AX at DSBs, and impairs CtIP recruitment; an N-terminal region of CHD1 negatively regulates DNA binding, ATPase, chromatin assembly and remodeling activities. CHD1 CRISPR knockout, chromatin immunoprecipitation at single DSB, H2AX incorporation analysis, domain deletion experiments Nucleic acids research High 29529298
2017 CHD1 promotes XPC-to-TFIIH handover during global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) of UV lesions in nucleosomal DNA; CHD1 is recruited to UV lesions in a XPC-dependent manner; CHD1 depletion slows CPD excision and sensitizes cells to UV-induced cytotoxicity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of chromatin fragments, chromatin fractionation, immunofluorescence for NER factors, UV sensitivity assays, siRNA knockdown The EMBO journal High 29018037
2019 CHD1 occupies prostate-specific enhancers enriched for AR and lineage-specific cofactors; upon CHD1 loss, the AR cistrome is redistributed to an oncogenic pattern driving tumor formation; this cistrome shift activates a unique AR transcriptional signature enriched for pro-oncogenic pathways. ChIP-seq for CHD1 and AR, ATAC-seq, mouse prostate tumor model, RNA-seq Cancer cell High 30930119
2022 Cryo-EM structure of Chd1 bound to a nucleosome in a nucleotide-free state at 2.3 Å shows the remodeler stimulates the nucleosome to absorb an additional nucleotide on each strand: on the tracking strand within the ATPase binding site (with local A-form geometry transformation) and on the guide strand one helical turn away; a histone-binding motif (ChEx) is identified that can block opposing remodelers and may allow Chd1 to participate in histone reorganization during transcription. Cryo-EM structure determination at 2.3 Å resolution Nature structural & molecular biology High 35173352
2012 Chd1 is required for maintenance of high levels of H2B monoubiquitination (H2BK123ub) but not for H3K4 and H3K79 trimethylation; loss of Chd1 reduces nucleosomal occupancy in gene bodies; Chd1's function in maintaining H2BK123ub is conserved from yeast to humans. Genome-wide ChIP-seq, genetic deletion, H2B ubiquitination assays in yeast and human cells Genes & development High 22549955
2003 CHD1 co-immunoprecipitates with histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and associates with the transcriptional corepressor NCoR in yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down assays; CHD1 also interacts with splicing proteins mKIAA0164, Srp20, and SAF-B; CHD1 overexpression affects alternative splicing. Co-immunoprecipitation, yeast two-hybrid, in vitro pull-down, splicing assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 12890497
2021 Chd1 interacts with several DNA repair factors including ATM, PARP1, KAP1, and Topoisomerase 2β; absence of Chd1 leads to accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks at Chd1-bound Pol II-transcribed genes and rDNA in ES cells; genes prone to DSBs in Chd1 KO are longer genes with GC-rich promoters and labile nucleosomal structure. Co-immunoprecipitation, γH2AX ChIP-seq, CRISPR knockout, nascent transcription assays Nature communications High 34381042
2021 FACT is recruited to the +1 nucleosome as it is partially unwrapped by engaging RNAPII and then spreads to downstream nucleosomes aided by Chd1; single-molecule tracking and genome-wide mapping demonstrate Chd1-dependent FACT spreading. High-resolution genome-wide mapping, single-molecule tracking, mathematical modeling, genetic deletion Molecular cell High 34380014
2021 Autoinhibitory elements of Chd1 (chromodomains and bridge) reinforce each other to block nucleosome sliding by preventing initiation of twist defects; they target nucleotide-free and ADP-bound states of the ATPase motor to favor a partially disengaged state when the DNA-binding domain is not bound to entry-side DNA. Nucleotide-state specific functional assays, domain mutant sliding assays, ATPase coupling measurements Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 33468676
2018 The Chd1 ATPase motor stimulates DNA unwrapping from the edge of the nucleosome in a nucleotide-dependent and DNA sequence-sensitive fashion; with AMP-PNP, DNA primarily unwraps in-plane with the nucleosomal disk; with ADP·BeF3-, significant out-of-plane unwrapping occurs; unwrapping does not require the Chd1 DNA-binding domain. Stopped-flow binding kinetics, bulk FRET, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with contrast variation Nucleic acids research High 29850894
2024 Cryo-EM structures of Chd1 bound to hexasome-nucleosome complexes show Chd1 positions its ATPase domain to shift the hexasome away from the nucleosome; in the absence of inner H2A/H2B dimer, the DNA-binding domain packs against the ATPase domain suggesting an inhibited state; restoration of the inner dimer by FACT triggers DBD displacement and stimulates Chd1 remodeling. Cryo-EM structure determination of Chd1-hexasome-nucleosome complexes, in vitro reconstitution Molecular cell High 39270644
2011 Crystal structure of the S. cerevisiae Chd1 DNA-binding domain in complex with DNA reveals the SLIDE domain contacts the DNA major groove (unlike predicted minor-groove binding); contacts with the phosphate backbone occur primarily on one DNA strand; DNA lays across Chd1 at a distinct angle compared to ISW1a. X-ray crystal structure determination of Chd1 DNA-binding domain-DNA complex The Journal of biological chemistry High 22033927
2017 Chd1 remodeler is sensitive to the sequence of nucleosomal DNA; poly(dA:dT) tracts within one and a half helical turns of SHL2 perturb remodeling without blocking ATPase engagement at SHL2, but instead promote multiple translational positions of DNA with respect to both Chd1 and the histone core; this sequence sensitivity is independent of the DNA-binding domain. Kinetic and equilibrium sliding assays, site-specific cross-linking, domain mutant analysis Journal of molecular biology High 28189426
2020 CHD1 loss results in global changes in open and closed chromatin (ATAC-seq) with transcriptomic changes; integrative CRISPR-based functional screening identified four transcription factors (NR3C1, POU3F2, NR2F1, TBX2) that contribute to antiandrogen resistance through non-luminal lineage programs when CHD1 is lost. shRNA screen in vivo, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, CRISPR functional screening Cancer cell High 32220301
2020 CHD1 activates IL6 transcription in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer; CHD1 deletion reduces MDSC recruitment to the tumor microenvironment and increases CD8+ T cells; IL6 is identified as a key transcriptional target of CHD1 mediating MDSC recruitment. Conditional genetic knockout in mouse models (Pten/Smad4 GEMMs), tumor microenvironment analysis, transcriptional target identification Cancer discovery High 32385075
2014 Chd1 is required for transcriptional output of both Pol I (ribosomal RNA) and Pol II in the mouse epiblast; Chd1 directly binds ribosomal DNA; Chd1-deficient ESCs show genome-wide reduction in transcriptional output correlating with lower RNAPII engagement with transcribed genes. Knockout mouse embryos, ChIP for Pol II, nascent transcript analysis, rDNA binding assays, nucleolar morphology Development (Cambridge, England) High 25480920
2016 CHD1 interacts with the influenza virus polymerase complex; CHD1 recognizes H3K4me3 and downregulation of CHD1 reduces viral polymerase activity, viral RNA transcription, and production of infectious particles; CHD1 and RNAPII are co-degraded during influenza infection. Co-immunoprecipitation of CHD1 with viral polymerase, RNAi knockdown, viral polymerase activity assay, viral RNA quantification Journal of virology Medium 26792750
2011 In S. pombe, Chd1 remodelers (Hrp1 and Hrp3) are responsible for nucleosome spacing activity in vitro and together are essential for aligning regular nucleosomal arrays over gene coding regions linked to transcription start sites in vivo; deletion of Hrp1 and/or Hrp3 leads to increased cryptic antisense transcription. In vitro nucleosome spacing assays with purified proteins, genome-wide nucleosome sequencing, cryptic transcription assays The EMBO journal High 23103765
2019 Chd1 deletion in yeast leads to defects in sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome morphology; Chd1 acts as a regulator of cohesin with effects on Pds5 expression levels; in human prostate cancer, CHD1 expression correlates with cohesin gene expression. Genetic deletion, sister chromatid cohesion assays, chromosome morphology analysis, gene expression analysis Scientific reports Medium 31222142
2017 CHD1 loss results in increased RNAPII pausing and decreased H2A.Z occupancy close to the TSS of differentiation-activated genes during osteoblast differentiation; CHD1 occupancy increases around the TSS of differentiation-activated genes and is required for their induction. ChIP-seq for CHD1, RNAPII, H2A.Z; RNA-seq; siRNA knockdown; in vivo ectopic bone formation Nucleic acids research High 28475736
2021 CHD1 controls H3.3 incorporation in adult Drosophila brain; Chd1 disruption reduces H3.3 levels in fly heads as quantified by mass spectrometry; Chd1 and H3.3 chaperone HIRA show strong genetic interaction; loss of CHD1 leads to global de-repression of transcription, altered metabolism, and shortened lifespan. Quantitative mass spectrometry for histone variants, genetic interaction analysis, brain-specific rescue experiments Cell reports High 34610319

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 Chd1 regulates open chromatin and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Nature 395 19587682
2005 Chd1 chromodomain links histone H3 methylation with SAGA- and SLIK-dependent acetylation. Nature 394 15647753
2005 Human but not yeast CHD1 binds directly and selectively to histone H3 methylated at lysine 4 via its tandem chromodomains. The Journal of biological chemistry 302 16263726
2003 Chromatin remodeling protein Chd1 interacts with transcription elongation factors and localizes to transcribed genes. The EMBO journal 284 12682017
2012 Chromatin remodelers Isw1 and Chd1 maintain chromatin structure during transcription by preventing histone exchange. Nature structural & molecular biology 243 22922743
2005 Distinct activities of CHD1 and ACF in ATP-dependent chromatin assembly. Nature structural & molecular biology 232 15643425
2007 CHD1 motor protein is required for deposition of histone variant H3.3 into chromatin in vivo. Science (New York, N.Y.) 207 17717186
2017 Nucleosome-Chd1 structure and implications for chromatin remodelling. Nature 206 29019976
2013 CHD1 is a 5q21 tumor suppressor required for ERG rearrangement in prostate cancer. Cancer research 191 23492366
2017 Synthetic essentiality of chromatin remodelling factor CHD1 in PTEN-deficient cancer. Nature 180 28166537
2010 The chromodomains of the Chd1 chromatin remodeler regulate DNA access to the ATPase motor. Molecular cell 179 20832723
2006 Analysis of nucleosome repositioning by yeast ISWI and Chd1 chromatin remodeling complexes. The Journal of biological chemistry 158 16606615
2020 Loss of CHD1 Promotes Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Resistance to AR-Targeted Therapy via Chromatin Dysregulation. Cancer cell 137 32220301
2018 SPOP-Mutated/CHD1-Deleted Lethal Prostate Cancer and Abiraterone Sensitivity. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 120 30068710
1995 DNA-binding and chromatin localization properties of CHD1. Molecular and cellular biology 119 7739555
2009 CENP-H-containing complex facilitates centromere deposition of CENP-A in cooperation with FACT and CHD1. Molecular biology of the cell 113 19625449
2016 The ISW1 and CHD1 ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers compete to set nucleosome spacing in vivo. Nucleic acids research 111 26861626
2021 Structural basis of nucleosome transcription mediated by Chd1 and FACT. Nature structural & molecular biology 108 33846633
1996 CHD1 is concentrated in interbands and puffed regions of Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 8692958
2014 The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1. eLife 105 24737864
2011 The DNA-binding domain of the Chd1 chromatin-remodelling enzyme contains SANT and SLIDE domains. The EMBO journal 102 21623345
2017 CHD1 loss sensitizes prostate cancer to DNA damaging therapy by promoting error-prone double-strand break repair. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 98 28383660
2011 Extranucleosomal DNA binding directs nucleosome sliding by Chd1. Molecular and cellular biology 98 21969605
1999 CHD1 interacts with SSRP1 and depends on both its chromodomain and its ATPase/helicase-like domain for proper association with chromatin. Chromosoma 97 10199952
2014 Identification of miR-26 as a key mediator of estrogen stimulated cell proliferation by targeting CHD1, GREB1 and KPNA2. Breast cancer research : BCR 96 24735615
2016 Loss of CHD1 causes DNA repair defects and enhances prostate cancer therapeutic responsiveness. EMBO reports 88 27596623
2011 Recurrent deletion of CHD1 in prostate cancer with relevance to cell invasiveness. Oncogene 87 22179824
2020 Chromatin Regulator CHD1 Remodels the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in PTEN-Deficient Prostate Cancer. Cancer discovery 85 32385075
2019 CHD1 Loss Alters AR Binding at Lineage-Specific Enhancers and Modulates Distinct Transcriptional Programs to Drive Prostate Tumorigenesis. Cancer cell 84 30930119
2016 The Chd1 chromatin remodeler shifts hexasomes unidirectionally. eLife 76 28032848
2015 Coordinate loss of MAP3K7 and CHD1 promotes aggressive prostate cancer. Cancer research 76 25770290
2011 CHD1 remodels chromatin and influences transient DNA methylation at the clock gene frequency. PLoS genetics 76 21811413
2011 Mediator coordinates PIC assembly with recruitment of CHD1. Genes & development 76 21979373
2012 Chd1 chromatin remodelers maintain nucleosome organization and repress cryptic transcription. EMBO reports 75 23032292
2011 Identification of novel CHD1-associated collaborative alterations of genomic structure and functional assessment of CHD1 in prostate cancer. Oncogene 75 22139082
2014 Chd1 is essential for the high transcriptional output and rapid growth of the mouse epiblast. Development (Cambridge, England) 72 25480920
2012 CHD1 remodelers regulate nucleosome spacing in vitro and align nucleosomal arrays over gene coding regions in S. pombe. The EMBO journal 71 23103765
2016 Assembly of methylated KDM1A and CHD1 drives androgen receptor-dependent transcription and translocation. Nature structural & molecular biology 69 26751641
2018 Structure of the chromatin remodelling enzyme Chd1 bound to a ubiquitinylated nucleosome. eLife 65 30079888
2017 Interdomain Communication of the Chd1 Chromatin Remodeler across the DNA Gyres of the Nucleosome. Molecular cell 61 28111016
2009 Histone H3K4 and K36 methylation, Chd1 and Rpd3S oppose the functions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spt4-Spt5 in transcription. Genetics 61 19948887
2021 FACT is recruited to the +1 nucleosome of transcribed genes and spreads in a Chd1-dependent manner. Molecular cell 58 34380014
2012 Codependency of H2B monoubiquitination and nucleosome reassembly on Chd1. Genes & development 54 22549955
2019 Contrasting roles of the RSC and ISW1/CHD1 chromatin remodelers in RNA polymerase II elongation and termination. Genome research 52 30683752
2012 A key role for Chd1 in histone H3 dynamics at the 3' ends of long genes in yeast. PLoS genetics 52 22807688
1997 A CHD1 gene is Z chromosome linked in the chicken Gallus domesticus. Gene 51 9332370
2017 The Chd1 Chromatin Remodeler Shifts Nucleosomal DNA Bidirectionally as a Monomer. Molecular cell 49 28943314
2015 Transcription-coupled recruitment of human CHD1 and CHD2 influences chromatin accessibility and histone H3 and H3.3 occupancy at active chromatin regions. Epigenetics & chromatin 49 25621013
2017 Missense variants in the chromatin remodeler CHD1 are associated with neurodevelopmental disability. Journal of medical genetics 47 28866611
2000 Molecular evolution of the avian CHD1 genes on the Z and W sex chromosomes. Genetics 47 10924484
2017 Structural reorganization of the chromatin remodeling enzyme Chd1 upon engagement with nucleosomes. eLife 46 28332978
2003 CHD1 associates with NCoR and histone deacetylase as well as with RNA splicing proteins. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 46 12890497
2017 The Sequence of Nucleosomal DNA Modulates Sliding by the Chd1 Chromatin Remodeler. Journal of molecular biology 41 28189426
2008 A role for Chd1 and Set2 in negatively regulating DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 39 18245327
2015 Emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells involves a Chd1-dependent increase in total nascent transcription. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 38 25831528
2022 Nucleosome recognition and DNA distortion by the Chd1 remodeler in a nucleotide-free state. Nature structural & molecular biology 37 35173352
2015 Chromodomain, Helicase and DNA-binding CHD1 protein, CHR5, are involved in establishing active chromatin state of seed maturation genes. Plant biotechnology journal 37 25581843
2011 Identification of residues in chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (Chd1) required for coupling ATP hydrolysis to nucleosome sliding. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 22039057
2010 The chromodomains of CHD1 are critical for enzymatic activity but less important for chromatin localization. Nucleic acids research 37 21177652
2019 MATN1-AS1 promotes glioma progression by functioning as ceRNA of miR-200b/c/429 to regulate CHD1 expression. Cell proliferation 36 31667976
2017 The ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler Chd1 is recruited by transcription elongation factors and maintains H3K4me3/H3K36me3 domains at actively transcribed and spliced genes. Nucleic acids research 35 28460001
2012 Decoupling nucleosome recognition from DNA binding dramatically alters the properties of the Chd1 chromatin remodeler. Nucleic acids research 34 23275572
2011 Crystal structure of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (Chd1) DNA-binding domain in complex with DNA. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 22033927
2007 Chd1 and yFACT act in opposition in regulating transcription. Molecular and cellular biology 33 17620414
2016 Influenza Virus and Chromatin: Role of the CHD1 Chromatin Remodeler in the Virus Life Cycle. Journal of virology 32 26792750
2018 Human CHD1 is required for early DNA-damage signaling and is uniquely regulated by its N terminus. Nucleic acids research 31 29529298
2008 Investigations of CHD1 function in transcription and development of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 30 18202396
2015 CHD1 acts via the Hmgpi pathway to regulate mouse early embryogenesis. Development (Cambridge, England) 29 26092847
2017 CHD1 regulates cell fate determination by activation of differentiation-induced genes. Nucleic acids research 28 28475736
2006 Structural polymorphism of chromodomains in Chd1. Journal of molecular biology 27 17098252
2016 The Chd1 chromatin remodeler can sense both entry and exit sides of the nucleosome. Nucleic acids research 26 27174939
2023 CHD1, a multifaceted epigenetic remodeler in prostate cancer. Frontiers in oncology 25 36776288
2014 Chd1 co-localizes with early transcription elongation factors independently of H3K36 methylation and releases stalled RNA polymerase II at introns. Epigenetics & chromatin 25 25395991
2006 The ISWI and CHD1 chromatin remodelling activities influence ADH2 expression and chromatin organization. Molecular microbiology 25 16468993
2021 Autoinhibitory elements of the Chd1 remodeler block initiation of twist defects by destabilizing the ATPase motor on the nucleosome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 22 33468676
2016 Sequence-targeted nucleosome sliding in vivo by a hybrid Chd1 chromatin remodeler. Genome research 22 26993344
2015 Embryonic stem cell differentiation requires full length Chd1. Scientific reports 22 25620209
2018 The ATPase motor of the Chd1 chromatin remodeler stimulates DNA unwrapping from the nucleosome. Nucleic acids research 21 29850894
2017 Chromatin remodeler CHD1 promotes XPC-to-TFIIH handover of nucleosomal UV lesions in nucleotide excision repair. The EMBO journal 21 29018037
2021 Chd1 protects genome integrity at promoters to sustain hypertranscription in embryonic stem cells. Nature communications 20 34381042
2019 The chromatin remodeler Chd1 regulates cohesin in budding yeast and humans. Scientific reports 20 31222142
2013 Nucleosome sliding by Chd1 does not require rigid coupling between DNA-binding and ATPase domains. EMBO reports 19 24126763
2021 MAP3K7 Loss Drives Enhanced Androgen Signaling and Independently Confers Risk of Recurrence in Prostate Cancer with Joint Loss of CHD1. Molecular cancer research : MCR 18 33846123
2010 Chd1 remodelers maintain open chromatin and regulate the epigenetics of differentiation. Experimental cell research 18 20211173
2024 Resolution of transcription-induced hexasome-nucleosome complexes by Chd1 and FACT. Molecular cell 17 39270644
2019 Role for Chromatin Remodeling Factor Chd1 in Learning and Memory. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 17 30728766
2016 CHD1 Regulates Deposition of Histone Variant H3.3 During Bovine Early Embryonic Development. Biology of reproduction 17 27170440
2015 Comparative Genomics Reveals Chd1 as a Determinant of Nucleosome Spacing in Vivo. G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 17 26175451
2010 CenH3/CID incorporation is not dependent on the chromatin assembly factor CHD1 in Drosophila. PloS one 17 20396651
2007 Sexing a wider range of avian species based on two CHD1 introns with a unified reaction condition. Zoo biology 17 19360591
2023 Bi-directional nucleosome sliding by the Chd1 chromatin remodeler integrates intrinsic sequence-dependent and ATP-dependent nucleosome positioning. Nucleic acids research 16 37738162
2020 Knockdown of circ-TTBK2 Inhibits Glioma Progression by Regulating miR-1283 and CHD1. Cancer management and research 16 33116862
2021 CHD1 controls H3.3 incorporation in adult brain chromatin to maintain metabolic homeostasis and normal lifespan. Cell reports 15 34610319
2019 Prostatic adenocarcinoma CNS parenchymal and dural metastases: alterations in ERG, CHD1 and MAP3K7 expression. Journal of neuro-oncology 13 30656528
2016 The Chromatin Remodelling Protein CHD1 Contains a Previously Unrecognised C-Terminal Helical Domain. Journal of molecular biology 13 27591891
2021 SPOP and CHD1 alterations in prostate cancer: Relationship with PTEN loss, tumor grade, perineural infiltration, and PSA recurrence. The Prostate 12 34533858
2020 MAP3K7 and CHD1 Are Novel Mediators of Resistance to Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecular therapy oncolytics 12 32529027
2014 ERG and CHD1 heterogeneity in prostate cancer: use of confocal microscopy in assessment of microscopic foci. The Prostate 12 25175909
2012 CHD1 contributes to intestinal resistance against infection by P. aeruginosa in Drosophila melanogaster. PloS one 12 22912810
2016 Impact of the Chromatin Remodeling Factor CHD1 on Gut Microbiome Composition of Drosophila melanogaster. PloS one 11 27093431