Affinage

CD96

T-cell surface protein tactile · UniProt P40200

Length
585 aa
Mass
65.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CD96 (TACTILE) is an immunoglobulin-superfamily transmembrane receptor on T cells and NK cells that engages nectin-family adhesion ligands to tune immune effector responses (PMID:15034010, PMID:24658051). It binds the poliovirus receptor CD155 (necl-5) through its outermost V-like first Ig domain, with the crystal structure of the CD96 D1:CD155 complex revealing a conserved lock-and-key interface whose CD155-versus-nectin-2 specificity is set by an 'ancillary key' motif (PMID:19056733, PMID:30528596); CD96 also binds nectin-1 at a lower affinity via the canonical nectin V-domain interface (PMID:30759143). This adhesive engagement was first defined functionally by CD96-dependent NK adhesion to CD155-bearing targets and acquisition of CD155 from those cells (PMID:15034010). CD96 competes with the activating receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) for CD155, and through this competition acts as a negative regulator of NK-cell cytokine output, with Cd96-deficient mice showing hyperinflammatory LPS responses and resistance to experimental metastasis (PMID:24658051, PMID:29721390). The receptor's output is context-dependent: it serves as an inhibitory checkpoint on CD8+ T cells, where blockade enhances CD8-dependent tumor control and synergizes with anti-PD-1 (PMID:30894377), yet crosslinking CD96 also drives co-stimulatory CD8+ T-cell activation, cytokine production, and proliferation through MEK-ERK signaling (PMID:32043568). In Th9 cells, CD96 expression restrains IL-9 production and inflammatory expansion, and a defective CD155-CD96 checkpoint—macrophages retaining CD155 in the ER—permits expansion of pathogenic CD96+ IL-9-producing T cells in giant cell arteritis (PMID:29531070, PMID:37075705). Beyond immune cells, tumor-intrinsic CD96 drives chemoresistance via a CD155-CD96-Src-Stat3-Opa1 axis promoting mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (PMID:36581470), and CD96 marks AML leukemic stem cells with engraftment activity (PMID:17576927). A T280M missense mutation in the third Ig domain that reduces CD155 binding causes a form of C (Opitz trigonocephaly) syndrome, linking CD96-mediated adhesion to development (PMID:19056733, PMID:17847009).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1998 Low

    Before any ligand or function was known, CD96/TACTILE needed to be defined as a discrete leukocyte antigen and clinical marker, establishing the protein and its disease associations.

    Evidence Immunoprecipitation and antibody immunophenotyping on leukemic cells

    PMID:9845376

    Open questions at the time
    • Single immunoprecipitation with minimal mechanistic follow-up
    • Functional significance of transferrin receptor association not established
    • No ligand identified
  2. 2004 High

    The central question of what CD96 does was first answered by identifying CD155/PVR as its ligand and showing the interaction supports NK adhesion and cytotoxicity, establishing CD96 as a functional adhesion receptor.

    Evidence Cell adhesion, cytotoxicity, and ligand-acquisition assays with NK cells and PVR+ targets

    PMID:15034010

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve which Ig domain mediates binding
    • Signaling output downstream of CD96 unknown
    • Inhibitory vs activating role not distinguished
  3. 2007 Medium

    Ligand specificity was broadened and the receptor framed in a developmental context by showing nectin-1 is a second adhesion ligand and that CD96 mutations cause C syndrome.

    Evidence Antibody-blocking adhesion assays in mouse plus translocation mapping and patient mutation functional assays

    PMID:17847009 PMID:17971293

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking adhesion defect to trigonocephaly developmental phenotype unresolved
    • Single-lab functional assays for patient mutation
    • Relative contribution of CD155 vs nectin-1 in development not separated
  4. 2008 High

    The molecular basis of binding was localized to the V-like D1 domain and the disease mutation explained, showing the C-syndrome T280M mutation in D3 allosterically reduces CD155 binding of both splice variants.

    Evidence Chimeric human/murine receptor binding assays, splice variant characterization, mutagenesis of patient mutation

    PMID:19056733

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution interface not yet defined
    • Mechanism of allosteric modulation by downstream domains not structurally explained
  5. 2014 High

    The functional valence was resolved in NK cells by demonstrating CD96 competes with activating CD226 for CD155 and acts as an inhibitory checkpoint, with knockout mice showing enhanced anti-metastatic immunity.

    Evidence Cd96 knockout mice, competitive CD155 binding assays, LPS and experimental metastasis models

    PMID:24658051

    Open questions at the time
    • Intracellular signaling motifs mediating inhibition not mapped
    • Whether the same logic applies to T cells unaddressed
  6. 2018 High

    The receptor's role was extended to adaptive immunity and the ligand-dependency of therapeutic blockade dissected, showing CD96 restrains Th9 IL-9 inflammatory potential and that anti-CD96 anti-metastatic activity requires CD155 and CD226.

    Evidence Adoptive transfer of CD96low/high Th9 cells into Rag1-/- mice, antibody domain-mapping, CD155-KO and CD226-KO metastasis models

    PMID:29531070 PMID:29721390

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling pathway connecting CD96 to IL-9 suppression unknown
    • How CD226 is required for CD96-blockade efficacy mechanistically unresolved
  7. 2018 High

    The CD96:CD155 interface was solved at atomic resolution, defining a lock-and-key binding mode and an 'ancillary key' motif conferring CD155 over nectin-2 specificity.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of CD96-D1:CD155 complex with mutagenesis validation

    PMID:30528596

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure of full-length receptor or signaling-competent complex not determined
    • Does not address nectin-1 binding geometry
  8. 2019 Medium

    CD96's bifunctional immune role and its second ligand interface were clarified, establishing CD96 as a CD8+ T-cell checkpoint whose blockade boosts tumor control and defining the nectin-1 binding site.

    Evidence Cd96-deficient tumor models with CD8 depletion and anti-PD-1 combination; in vitro nectin-1 binding/affinity and NK cytotoxicity assays

    PMID:30759143 PMID:30894377

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of CD96-nectin-1 binding in vivo unclear
    • Reciprocal validation of nectin-1 interaction limited to single lab
  9. 2020 High

    An apparent paradox was addressed by showing CD96 can also co-stimulate CD8+ T cells through MEK-ERK signaling, revealing context-dependent dual activity rather than purely inhibitory function.

    Evidence CD96 crosslinking on human and mouse CD8+ T cells, MEK-ERK inhibition, genetic KO and in vivo models

    PMID:32043568

    Open questions at the time
    • What determines inhibitory vs co-stimulatory outcome not defined
    • Direct link between ligand engagement and MEK-ERK activation not structurally explained
  10. 2022 Medium

    A tumor-cell-intrinsic role was uncovered, showing CD96 drives chemoresistance through a CD155-CD96-Src-Stat3-Opa1 axis promoting mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation.

    Evidence CD96 inhibition in cell lines and PDX models, pathway analysis, β-oxidation assays, in vivo chemotherapy response

    PMID:36581470

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab pathway dissection
    • How a surface receptor couples to mitochondrial metabolism mechanistically incomplete
  11. 2023 Medium

    The checkpoint logic was placed in human autoimmune disease, showing defective CD155 surface display creates a failed CD155-CD96 checkpoint that expands pathogenic IL-9-producing CD96+ T cells in giant cell arteritis.

    Evidence Patient macrophage studies, humanized GCA mouse model with anti-IL-9 and recombinant IL-9 interventions

    PMID:37075705

    Open questions at the time
    • Why macrophages retain CD155 in the ER not explained
    • Single-lab humanized model

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The molecular switch governing whether CD96 acts as an inhibitory checkpoint or co-stimulatory receptor, and the intracellular signaling motifs coupling ligand engagement to each outcome, remain undefined.
  • No defined cytoplasmic signaling motif map
  • Determinants of context-dependent valence unknown
  • Integration of CD96/CD226 competition with downstream signaling unresolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 4 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 2
Partners
CD155CD226NECTIN1TFRC

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 CD96 (TACTILE) promotes NK cell adhesion to target cells by directly interacting with the poliovirus receptor (CD155/PVR), and this interaction stimulates cytotoxicity of activated NK cells and mediates acquisition of PVR from target cells. Cell adhesion assays, cytotoxicity assays, flow cytometry with NK cells and PVR-expressing target cells Journal of immunology High 15034010
2007 Murine CD96 binds both CD155 and nectin-1 as adhesion ligands, and CD96/CD155 interaction mediates T cell adhesion to CD155-expressing cells; CD96 is expressed on T cells and NK cells in a pattern closely resembling human CD96. Monoclonal antibody blocking assays, T cell adhesion assays to insect cells expressing CD155, flow cytometry Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 17971293
2008 CD96 interaction with CD155 is mediated via the outermost V-like first Ig domain; human CD96 exists in two splice variants (variant 1 with I-like and variant 2 with V-like second domain), and variant 2 predominates. A trigonocephaly-associated missense mutation (T280M) in the third domain of CD96 significantly decreases binding of both variants to CD155, suggesting the downstream Ig domains allosterically modulate the binding site. Chimeric human/murine CD96 receptor binding assays, splice variant characterization, mutational analysis of patient-derived missense mutation The Journal of biological chemistry High 19056733
2014 CD96 competes with CD226 (DNAM-1) for binding to CD155, and CD96 limits NK cell function by direct inhibition. Cd96-deficient mice exhibit hyperinflammatory responses to LPS and resistance to experimental lung metastases, placing CD96 as a negative regulator of NK cell cytokine responses. Cd96 knockout mice, competitive binding assays for CD155, LPS challenge model, experimental metastasis models, cytokine measurement Nature immunology High 24658051
2007 Mutations in CD96 (TACTILE) cause a form of the C (Opitz trigonocephaly) syndrome; cells expressing the patient-derived T280M mutant CD96 lost adhesion and growth activities in vitro, indicating that CD96-driven cell adhesion is critical for developmental processes. Chromosomal translocation mapping, missense mutation identification in patients, in vitro cell adhesion and growth assays with mutant CD96 American journal of human genetics Medium 17847009
2007 CD96 is expressed on the majority of CD34+CD38- AML leukemic stem cells (LSC) but not on normal hematopoietic stem cells; CD96+ AML cells are enriched for LSC activity as demonstrated by preferential engraftment in xenograft recipients. FACS sorting of CD96+ vs CD96- AML fractions, xenotransplantation into irradiated Rag2-/-γc-/- mice, engraftment analysis PNAS High 17576927
2018 The crystal structure of CD96 first Ig domain (D1) bound to necl-5 (CD155) ectodomain revealed that CD96 recognizes CD155 D1 via a conserved 'lock-and-key' interaction, with specificity for CD155 over nectin-2 conferred by a novel 'ancillary key' structural motif within CD96 D1. Mutational analysis confirmed this residue is critical for CD155 binding. X-ray crystallography of CD96-D1:CD155 complex, binding assays, site-directed mutagenesis Structure High 30528596
2019 Human CD96 directly interacts with nectin-1 in vitro; the binding site for CD96 is located on the nectin-1 V-domain at a canonical nectin adhesion interface. The affinity of nectin-1 for CD96 is lower than for CD155. Overexpression of nectin-1 on K562 cells increased their susceptibility to NK-92 cell cytotoxicity. In vitro binding assays, affinity measurements, K562 cell overexpression of nectin-1-GFP with NK cytotoxicity assays PloS one Medium 30759143
2019 CD96 functions as an immune checkpoint on CD8+ T cells, and blocking CD96 suppresses primary tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. CD96-deficient CD8+ T cells promote greater tumor control than CD96-sufficient CD8+ T cells; anti-CD96 combined with anti-PD-1 increases IFNγ-expressing CD8+ T cells. Cd96-deficient mouse tumor models, CD8+ T cell depletion experiments, flow cytometry, combination checkpoint blockade experiments Cancer immunology research High 30894377
2020 CD96 has co-stimulatory function on CD8+ T cells: crosslinking CD96 on human or mouse CD8+ T cells induces activation, effector cytokine production, and proliferation via MEK-ERK signaling. CD96 increases frequencies of NUR77- and T-bet-expressing CD8+ T cells and enhances cytotoxic effector activity. Antibody blockade or genetic ablation of CD96 on CD8+ T cells impaired transcription factor and cytokine expression in vivo. CD96 crosslinking assays on human and mouse CD8+ T cells, MEK-ERK pathway inhibition, CD96 knockout, in vivo models, flow cytometry European journal of immunology High 32043568
2018 CD96 expression determines the inflammatory potential of IL-9-producing Th9 cells: CD96low Th9 cells produce more IL-9 and cause severe intestinal inflammation and skin graft rejection upon transfer into Rag1-deficient mice, whereas CD96high Th9 cells show reduced expansion and no colitis. Blockade of CD96 completely restored expansion and inflammatory properties of CD96high Th9 cells, indicating an inhibitory role for CD96 co-signaling in Th9 cells. Single-cell transcription profiling, adoptive transfer of CD96low vs CD96high Th9 cells into Rag1-/- mice, anti-CD96 blockade, flow cytometry PNAS High 29531070
2018 Anti-CD96 antibodies that block CD96-CD155 interactions (mAbs 3.3 and 6A6) bind the first Ig domain of mouse CD96; a non-blocking antibody (8B10) binds the second Ig domain. Anti-metastatic activity of blocking mAbs was lost in CD155-deficient mice but retained in CD226-deficient mice is dependent on NK cells and IFNγ; all anti-CD96 clones lost activity in CD226-deficient mice, placing CD226 as required for CD96-mediated NK anti-metastatic activity. Domain-mapping of antibody binding by flow cytometry, multiple experimental metastasis models, CD155-KO and CD226-KO mice, NK depletion, IFNγ neutralization Oncoimmunology High 29721390
2022 Tumor cell-intrinsic CD96 enhances mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation via the CD155-CD96-Src-Stat3-Opa1 signaling pathway, promoting chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells. In vivo inhibition of cancer cell-intrinsic CD96 enhances chemotherapeutic response in patient-derived xenograft models. CD96 inhibition in cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, pathway analysis (Src, Stat3, Opa1), mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation assays, in vivo chemotherapy response Advanced science Medium 36581470
2023 Patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) have a defective CD155-CD96 immune checkpoint: macrophages retain CD155 in the endoplasmic reticulum and fail to surface-display it. CD155-low antigen-presenting cells expand CD4+CD96+ T cells that become tissue-invasive and release IL-9, which drives vessel wall destruction in a humanized mouse model. Patient macrophage studies, humanized mouse model of GCA, anti-IL-9 antibody treatment, recombinant IL-9 administration, flow cytometry Cell reports. Medicine Medium 37075705
1998 The TH-111 antibody (assigned to CD96 cluster) immunoprecipitated the TACTILE (CD96) antigen and found it associated with the transferrin receptor on leukemic cells; CD96 (TACTILE) was identified as a marker of T-cell ALL and a subset of immature AML. Immunoprecipitation, antibody-based immunophenotyping by flow cytometry Experimental hematology Low 9845376

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 P2X4 receptors induced in spinal microglia gate tactile allodynia after nerve injury. Nature 1240 12917686
2014 The receptors CD96 and CD226 oppose each other in the regulation of natural killer cell functions. Nature immunology 392 24658051
2017 TIGIT and CD96: new checkpoint receptor targets for cancer immunotherapy. Immunological reviews 378 28258695
1999 Neurotrophins: peripherally and centrally acting modulators of tactile stimulus-induced inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 339 10430952
2007 CD96 is a leukemic stem cell-specific marker in human acute myeloid leukemia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 311 17576927
2004 Cutting edge: CD96 (tactile) promotes NK cell-target cell adhesion by interacting with the poliovirus receptor (CD155). Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 291 15034010
2016 Peripheral Mechanosensory Neuron Dysfunction Underlies Tactile and Behavioral Deficits in Mouse Models of ASDs. Cell 288 27293187
2014 Merkel cells transduce and encode tactile stimuli to drive Aβ-afferent impulses. Cell 244 24746027
2002 Tactile, acoustic and vestibular systems sum to elicit the startle reflex. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 232 11835980
2018 Touch and tactile neuropathic pain sensitivity are set by corticospinal projections. Nature 207 30209395
2016 Molecular Pathways: Targeting CD96 and TIGIT for Cancer Immunotherapy. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 192 27620276
2019 Targeting Peripheral Somatosensory Neurons to Improve Tactile-Related Phenotypes in ASD Models. Cell 191 31398341
2017 Simulating tactile signals from the whole hand with millisecond precision. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 148 28652360
2014 Edge-orientation processing in first-order tactile neurons. Nature neuroscience 117 25174006
2022 Social touch-like tactile stimulation activates a tachykinin 1-oxytocin pathway to promote social interactions. Neuron 104 35045339
2019 CD96 Is an Immune Checkpoint That Regulates CD8+ T-cell Antitumor Function. Cancer immunology research 98 30894377
2014 Anxiety- and depression-like behavior and impaired neurogenesis evoked by peripheral neuropathy persist following resolution of prolonged tactile hypersensitivity. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 88 25209272
2020 CD96 functions as a co-stimulatory receptor to enhance CD8+ T cell activation and effector responses. European journal of immunology 81 32043568
1999 Regulation of galanin and neuropeptide Y in dorsal root ganglia and dorsal horn in rat mononeuropathic models: possible relation to tactile hypersensitivity. Neuroscience 80 10465458
2020 A flexible artificial intrinsic-synaptic tactile sensory organ. Nature communications 79 32488078
2010 CXCR4 signaling mediates morphine-induced tactile hyperalgesia. Brain, behavior, and immunity 79 21193025
2007 Oral and spinal melatonin reduces tactile allodynia in rats via activation of MT2 and opioid receptors. Pain 79 17346886
2007 The murine pan T cell marker CD96 is an adhesion receptor for CD155 and nectin-1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 79 17971293
1997 Adenosine receptor activation suppresses tactile hypersensitivity and potentiates spinal cord stimulation in mononeuropathic rats. Neuroscience letters 67 9080460
1991 Modification of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials during tactile exploration and simple active and passive movements. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology 67 1710971
2008 Toll-like receptor 3 contributes to spinal glial activation and tactile allodynia after nerve injury. Journal of neurochemistry 65 18363823
2008 CD96 interaction with CD155 via its first Ig-like domain is modulated by alternative splicing or mutations in distal Ig-like domains. The Journal of biological chemistry 64 19056733
2021 Specialized Mechanosensory Epithelial Cells in Mouse Gut Intrinsic Tactile Sensitivity. Gastroenterology 63 34688712
2020 TIGIT blockade enhances functionality of peritoneal NK cells with altered expression of DNAM-1/TIGIT/CD96 checkpoint molecules in ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 62 33224630
2007 Melatonin reduces formalin-induced nociception and tactile allodynia in diabetic rats. European journal of pharmacology 62 17920585
1977 Human tactile detection thresholds: modification by inputs from specific tactile receptor classes. The Journal of physiology 61 592198
2008 Tactile spatial working memory activates the dorsal extrastriate cortical pathway in congenitally blind individuals. Archives italiennes de biologie 60 19378878
2016 Altered expression of CD226 and CD96 on natural killer cells in patients with pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 57 27626490
2022 Targeting CD96 overcomes PD-1 blockade resistance by enhancing CD8+ TIL function in cervical cancer. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 56 35288463
2005 Activin induces tactile allodynia and increases calcitonin gene-related peptide after peripheral inflammation. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 55 16207882
2004 Development of tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia by intrathecally administered platelet-activating factor in mice. Pain 52 15363879
2018 Structural Basis for CD96 Immune Receptor Recognition of Nectin-like Protein-5, CD155. Structure (London, England : 1993) 46 30528596
2019 Mechanisms of Tactile Sensory Phenotypes in Autism: Current Understanding and Future Directions for Research. Current psychiatry reports 45 31807945
2014 Controlling the activation of the Bv8/prokineticin system reduces neuroinflammation and abolishes thermal and tactile hyperalgesia in neuropathic animals. British journal of pharmacology 45 24902717
2010 Comparing tactile pattern and vibrotactile frequency discrimination: a human FMRI study. Journal of neurophysiology 45 20457848
2021 Hitting the complexity of the TIGIT-CD96-CD112R-CD226 axis for next-generation cancer immunotherapy. BMB reports 44 33298247
2018 CD96 expression determines the inflammatory potential of IL-9-producing Th9 cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 43 29531070
2022 Tumor Cell-Intrinsic CD96 Mediates Chemoresistance and Cancer Stemness by Regulating Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 41 36581470
2017 Molecular basis of tactile specialization in the duck bill. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 41 29109250
2020 CD96, a new immune checkpoint, correlates with immune profile and clinical outcome of glioma. Scientific reports 40 32612110
2018 CD96 targeted antibodies need not block CD96-CD155 interactions to promote NK cell anti-metastatic activity. Oncoimmunology 39 29721390
2019 Tactile UV- and Solar-Light Multi-Sensing Rechargeable Batteries with Smart Self-Conditioned Charge and Discharge. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 37 31074575
2006 Tactile teaching: Exploring protein structure/function using physical models*. Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 37 21638686
1998 Antibodies TC-12 ("unique") and TH-111 (CD96) characterize T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia. Experimental hematology 37 9845376
2020 Tactile modulation of memory and anxiety requires dentate granule cells along the dorsoventral axis. Nature communications 35 33247136
2017 Optimal delineation of single C-tactile and C-nociceptive afferents in humans by latency slowing. Journal of neurophysiology 35 28123010
2013 Tactile interactions lead to coherent motion and enhanced chemotaxis of migrating cells. Physical biology 35 23752100
2018 The immune checkpoint CD96 defines a distinct lymphocyte phenotype and is highly expressed on tumor-infiltrating T cells. Immunology and cell biology 34 30222899
2021 BCL9 regulates CD226 and CD96 checkpoints in CD8+ T cells to improve PD-1 response in cancer. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 33 34417435
2020 Immune and Clinical Features of CD96 Expression in Glioma by in silico Analysis. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 33 32695752
2008 Sulfasalazine blocks the development of tactile allodynia in diabetic rats. Diabetes 33 18633115
2019 Interaction between nectin-1 and the human natural killer cell receptor CD96. PloS one 32 30759143
2020 Characterization of the DNAM-1, TIGIT and TACTILE Axis on Circulating NK, NKT-Like and T Cell Subsets in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers 31 32764229
2007 Mutations in CD96, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, cause a form of the C (Opitz trigonocephaly) syndrome. American journal of human genetics 31 17847009
2021 Different forms of traumatic brain injuries cause different tactile hypersensitivity profiles. Pain 29 33027220
2016 Tactile Stimulation Evokes Long-Lasting Potentiation of Purkinje Cell Discharge In Vivo. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 29 26924961
2018 Development of tactile sensory circuits in the CNS. Current opinion in neurobiology 28 29908482
2007 Subcutaneous, intrathecal and periaqueductal grey administration of asimadoline and ICI-204448 reduces tactile allodynia in the rat. European journal of pharmacology 28 17643411
2014 Tactile sensory system: encoding from the periphery to the cortex. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine 27 24648403
2023 CD96 as a Potential Immune Regulator in Cancers. International journal of molecular sciences 26 36674817
2018 A Corticothalamic Circuit for Refining Tactile Encoding. Cell reports 26 29719247
2014 Expression of CD90, CD96, CD117, and CD123 on different hematopoietic cell populations from pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Archives of medical research 26 24751333
2017 Mechanical and tactile incompatibilities cause reproductive isolation between two young damselfly species. Evolution; international journal of organic evolution 24 28744900
2014 Peripheral alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signalling attenuates tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia after nerve injury in mice. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) 24 25491757
2012 Enhanced ADCC activity of affinity maturated and Fc-engineered mini-antibodies directed against the AML stem cell antigen CD96. PloS one 24 22879978
2009 Sensory information in perceptual-motor sequence learning: visual and/or tactile stimuli. Experimental brain research 24 19565229
2023 Deficiency of the CD155-CD96 immune checkpoint controls IL-9 production in giant cell arteritis. Cell reports. Medicine 23 37075705
2023 Microglial P2X4 receptors are essential for spinal neurons hyperexcitability and tactile allodynia in male and female neuropathic mice. iScience 22 37860691
2016 Tactile stimulation effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial learning and memory in prenatally stressed rats. Brain research bulletin 22 26993794
2002 Synaptic transmission between single tactile and kinaesthetic sensory nerve fibers and their central target neurones. Behavioural brain research 22 12356451
1984 The receptor potential and adaptation in the cockroach tactile spine. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 22 6470768
2014 Tactile stimulation and neonatal isolation affect behavior and oxidative status linked to cocaine administration in young rats. Behavioural processes 20 24468216
2024 ASICs mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission for tactile discrimination. Neuron 19 38359825
2017 CD33, CD96 and Death Associated Protein Kinase (DAPK) Expression Are Associated with the Survival Rate and/or Response to the Chemotherapy in the Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 19 28391288
2015 In vivo tactile stimulation-evoked responses in Caenorhabditis elegans amphid sheath glia. PloS one 19 25671616
2014 Nogo receptor 1 limits tactile task performance independent of basal anatomical plasticity. PloS one 19 25386856
2013 Contralateral tactile masking between forearms. Experimental brain research 19 24306439
2023 Bionic Tactile-Gustatory Receptor for Object Identification Based on All-Polymer Electrochemical Transistor. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 18 37025036
2025 Electrochemiluminescent tactile visual synapse enabling in situ health monitoring. Nature materials 16 39994389
2021 Sensory Adaptation in the Whisker-Mediated Tactile System: Physiology, Theory, and Function. Frontiers in neuroscience 16 34776857
2022 A bio-inspired tactile nociceptor constructed by integrating wearable sensing paper and a VO2 threshold switching memristor. Journal of materials chemistry. B 15 35233588
2021 Spatial integration during active tactile sensation drives orientation perception. Neuron 15 33826906
2012 Differential expression of CD96 surface molecule represents CD8⁺ T cells with dissimilar effector function during HIV-1 infection. PloS one 14 23272144
2022 Impact of intratumoural CD96 expression on clinical outcome and therapeutic benefit in gastric cancer. Cancer science 13 35997524
2022 Natural killer cell profiles in recurrent pregnancy loss: Increased expression and positive associations with TACTILE and LILRB1. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 13 36004818
2019 Functional Architecture and Encoding of Tactile Sensorimotor Behavior in Rat Posterior Parietal Cortex. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 13 31332000
2023 High-fidelity encoding of mechanostimuli by tactile food-sensing neurons requires an ensemble of ion channels. Cell reports 12 37119137
2023 Characterization of the impact of chlorogenic acids on tactile perception in coffee through an inverse effect on mouthcoating sensation. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) 12 37689920
2021 Loss of CD96 Expression as a Marker of HIV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Differentiation and Dysfunction. Frontiers in immunology 12 34122431
2020 Bidirectional pharmacological perturbations of the noradrenergic system differentially affect tactile detection. Neuropharmacology 12 32445638
2020 Neonatal Tactile Stimulation Alters Behaviors in Heterozygous Serotonin Transporter Male Rats: Role of the Amygdala. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 12 32903627
2018 Primary Tactile Thalamus Spiking Reflects Cognitive Signals. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 12 29703788
2018 Red nucleus interleukin-1β evokes tactile allodynia through activation of JAK/STAT3 and JNK signaling pathways. Journal of neuroscience research 12 30216497
2015 Expressions of CD96 and CD123 in Bone Marrow Cells of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Clinical laboratory 12 26642704
2014 Celecoxib reduces hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in diabetic rats. Pharmacological reports : PR 12 25933968

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