Affinage

CCL11

Eotaxin · UniProt P51671

Length
97 aa
Mass
10.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 43 papers cited in narrative 42 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CCL11 (eotaxin-1) is a CC chemokine that functions as a central mediator of eosinophil recruitment and activation, with broader roles in tissue remodeling, neurogenesis regulation, fibrogenesis, and tumor immune modulation. CCL11 signals primarily through CCR3 — and also acts as a partial agonist at CCR2 and an agonist at CCR5 — to activate ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, PI3K/Akt, STAT3, and intracellular calcium flux, driving chemotaxis, degranulation, proliferation, and survival in eosinophils, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and tumor cells (PMID:8676064, PMID:10415066, PMID:11264152, PMID:28279120, PMID:11559700). CCL11 transcription is controlled by NF-κB (p65/p50) in response to TNF-α/IL-1β, by STAT6 downstream of IL-4/IL-13, and by STAT3 downstream of IL-9, with chromatin remodeling via selective histone H4 acetylation and Brg1 recruitment at the CCL11 promoter (PMID:11076795, PMID:11415942, PMID:15294996, PMID:15972682, PMID:35614068). CCL11 undergoes bidirectional saturable transport across the blood-brain barrier and, as a circulating factor, inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis during aging; it also drives hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis through Jagged 1 induction, promotes adipose tissue beiging via eosinophil-mediated type 2 immunity, and modulates the tumor immune microenvironment by suppressing dendritic cell maturation and CD8+ T cell responses (PMID:24706984, PMID:34418501, PMID:36651177, PMID:28844880, PMID:25336190).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 1996 High

    Identification of CCR3 as the high-affinity eotaxin receptor on eosinophils established CCL11 as a selective chemoattractant acting through a specific GPCR, resolving the receptor identity question.

    Evidence Radioligand binding and transwell chemotaxis with CCR3-transfected cells and primary eosinophils

    PMID:8676064 PMID:8687456

    Open questions at the time
    • No crystal/cryo-EM structure of the full CCL11–CCR3 complex at this time
    • Downstream intracellular signaling pathways uncharacterized
  2. 1997 High

    Demonstration that CCR3 is expressed on Th2 (but not Th1) lymphocytes expanded CCL11's target cell repertoire beyond eosinophils and linked it to adaptive Th2 immunity at sites of allergic inflammation.

    Evidence Flow cytometry, calcium flux, chemotaxis assays, and immunostaining of allergic tissue sections

    PMID:9302298 PMID:9480044

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CCL11 directly polarizes T cell responses or only recruits pre-existing Th2 cells
    • Relative contribution of CCL11 vs. other CCR3 ligands to Th2 recruitment in vivo
  3. 1999 High

    CCL11 was shown to activate ERK1/2 MAPK to drive eosinophil rolling, chemotaxis, and actin remodeling, establishing the first intracellular signaling mechanism downstream of CCR3.

    Evidence MAPK phosphorylation assays, PD98059 inhibitor, in vivo rolling assay, and in vitro chemotaxis

    PMID:10415066

    Open questions at the time
    • Role of parallel pathways (p38, PI3K, calcium) not yet dissected for eosinophils
    • Mechanism linking ERK to actin polymerization not resolved
  4. 2000 High

    Mapping the NF-κB site at −46 bp in the CCL11 promoter as necessary and sufficient for IL-1β induction defined the first transcription factor controlling CCL11 expression.

    Evidence Promoter mutagenesis, EMSA with p50/p65 supershift, NF-κB inhibitors, nuclear run-on assay in airway epithelial cells

    PMID:11076795

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NF-κB cooperates with other factors for full CCL11 induction
    • Chromatin-level regulation not yet examined
  5. 2001 High

    Discovery that CCL11 acts as a natural antagonist at CCR2 and an agonist at CCR5 revealed cross-receptor pharmacology that enables CCL11 to modulate monocyte function beyond eosinophil-specific signaling.

    Evidence Radioligand displacement, calcium flux, chemotaxis, enzyme release, and receptor internalization assays on monocytes and transfected cells

    PMID:11264152 PMID:11559700

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological relevance of CCR2 antagonism vs. CCR3 agonism in vivo
    • Structural basis for partial agonism at CCR2
  6. 2001 High

    STAT6 was established as a master transcriptional regulator of CCL11 expression downstream of IL-4/IL-13, with composite STAT6/NF-κB elements mediating cytokine-induced transcription in epithelial cells and fibroblasts.

    Evidence Promoter-luciferase reporters, STAT6 site mutagenesis, dominant-negative STAT6, EMSA, ELISA in BEAS-2B cells and primary fibroblasts

    PMID:11254707 PMID:11415942

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of STAT6 vs. NF-κB to CCL11 induction in different cell types
    • Epigenetic co-regulation not yet addressed
  7. 2001 High

    Genetic epistasis in transgenic and knockout mice demonstrated that enterocyte-derived CCL11 is sufficient to drive gastrointestinal eosinophilia via β7 integrin, establishing CCL11 as a non-redundant tissue-homing signal.

    Evidence Enterocyte-specific CCL11 transgene in eotaxin-KO mice with β7 integrin blockade

    PMID:11733500

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether heparin/GAG binding in the gut modulates CCL11 gradient formation
    • Roles of eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 in compensating for CCL11 loss
  8. 2004 High

    IL-9 was shown to induce CCL11 via STAT3 (not STAT6 or STAT5), revealing a third independent transcription factor axis at the CCL11 promoter and broadening the cytokine inputs controlling its expression.

    Evidence ChIP (STAT3 binding to CCL11 promoter), dominant-negative STAT3β, STAT3 siRNA, promoter-luciferase in airway smooth muscle cells

    PMID:15294996 PMID:20169197

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether STAT3 and STAT6 binding to the CCL11 promoter is cooperative or mutually exclusive
    • In vivo relevance of IL-9–STAT3–CCL11 axis in asthma
  9. 2005 High

    TNF-α–induced CCL11 transcription was linked to selective histone H4 acetylation (K5/K12) at the CCL11 promoter, providing the first epigenetic mechanism and explaining how glucocorticoids and β2-agonists suppress CCL11 at the chromatin level.

    Evidence ChIP for histone H4 acetylation and p65 binding, EMSA, luciferase reporter in airway smooth muscle cells

    PMID:15972682

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the histone acetyltransferase(s) responsible
    • Whether histone modifications differ between cell types
  10. 2005 High

    Double knockout of CCL11 and eotaxin-2 in mice reduced pulmonary eosinophilia to near CCR3-KO levels, demonstrating synergistic and non-redundant roles of the two eotaxins in allergic airway inflammation.

    Evidence Single and double eotaxin-KO mice, OVA-challenge asthma model, comparison with CCR3-KO

    PMID:16210640

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution of eotaxin-3 (CCL26) to residual eosinophilia
    • Whether temporal expression differences explain synergy
  11. 2007 High

    CCL11 was found to bind heparin with high affinity and selectivity, protecting it from proteolysis and enhancing eosinophil recruitment in vivo — establishing a haptotactic gradient mechanism for tissue-level chemotaxis.

    Evidence Heparin affinity binding (Kd measurement), protease protection assays, mouse air-pouch model

    PMID:17384413

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether heparin binding alters CCL11 conformation or receptor engagement
    • Tissue-specific GAG composition effects on gradient formation
  12. 2012 High

    CCL11 was shown to stimulate piecemeal degranulation of eosinophil granule contents via CCR3, including the finding that cell-free granules express functional CCR3, revealing an extracellular signaling mode for CCL11.

    Evidence RNase activity assay, electron microscopy, eosinophil stimulation with CCL11 (EC50 5 nM)

    PMID:22294786

    Open questions at the time
    • How CCR3 is maintained on cell-free granule membranes
    • Downstream signaling in cell-free granules
  13. 2014 High

    NMR structural determination of CCL11 bound to the sulfotyrosine-containing CCR3 N-terminus revealed the molecular basis of receptor recognition, including salt bridge and cation-π interactions distinct from CXC chemokine binding modes.

    Evidence NMR structure, chemical shift mapping, sulfotyrosine peptide binding, receptor sulfation validation

    PMID:25450766

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length CCR3 complex structure in lipid environment not solved
    • Structural basis for partial agonism at CCR2 unknown
  14. 2014 High

    CCL11 was demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier via a saturable transport system independent of CCR3, establishing it as a blood-borne signal capable of directly accessing the CNS.

    Evidence In vivo pharmacokinetic transport assay with multiple time regression, regional brain dissection, CCR3 blockade

    PMID:24706984

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular identity of the BBB transporter
    • Whether transport is regulated by aging or disease
  15. 2017 High

    FGF21–ERK1/2 signaling in adipocytes was shown to induce CCL11 secretion that recruits eosinophils to drive M2 macrophage polarization and beige fat biogenesis, placing CCL11 as a metabolic effector beyond classical immunity.

    Evidence Adipose-specific FGF21 and β-Klotho KO mice, CCL11 neutralization and replenishment rescue, ERK1/2 activation

    PMID:28844880

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CCL11-driven beiging contributes to systemic energy expenditure in humans
    • Relative importance of CCL11 vs. other eosinophil chemoattractants in adipose tissue
  16. 2021 High

    Anti-CCL11 neutralizing antibodies in aged mice improved hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory, establishing circulating CCL11 as a causal mediator of age-related cognitive decline.

    Evidence Anti-CCL11 antibody treatment, environmental enrichment, hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioral testing in aged mice

    PMID:34418501

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell type(s) in hippocampus directly responding to CCL11
    • Whether CCL11 acts through CCR3 in the brain or via an alternative receptor
  17. 2023 High

    CCL11 was identified as a direct activator of hepatic stellate cells that promotes liver fibrosis by inducing Jagged 1 transcription, with ZNF281 mediating CCL11 trans-activation at its own promoter — extending CCL11's fibrogenic role to the liver.

    Evidence ChIP (ZNF281), CCL11-KO mice, HSC-specific knockdown, CCR3 antagonist, anti-CCL11 antibodies, Jagged 1 reconstitution

    PMID:36651177

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Jagged 1–Notch signaling fully accounts for CCL11's fibrogenic activity
    • Whether hepatic CCL11–CCR3 axis is targetable without compromising immune defense
  18. 2024 High

    In pancreatic cancer, ATX-LPA signaling was found to suppress CCL11 expression via c-Jun inhibition, with ATX blockade de-repressing CCL11 and increasing tumor eosinophil infiltration — positioning CCL11 as a downstream effector in lipid-mediated tumor immune evasion.

    Evidence ATX knockout and pharmacological inhibition, CCL11 neutralization, c-Jun activity assay, human PDAC specimens

    PMID:38195933

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether eosinophils recruited by CCL11 are tumoricidal or pro-tumorigenic in PDAC
    • Generalizability to other solid tumors

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the molecular identity of the CCL11 BBB transporter, the full-length structure of the CCL11–CCR3 signaling complex in a membrane environment, and whether CCL11's pro-fibrogenic, pro-senescence, and anti-neurogenic activities share a common downstream effector pathway or represent context-dependent divergent signaling.
  • BBB transporter identity unknown
  • No full-length CCL11–CCR3 membrane complex structure
  • Unified mechanism linking fibrogenesis, senescence, and neurogenesis suppression not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 5
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 6 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4
Partners
CCR2CCR3CCR5JAG1RELASTAT3STAT6ZNF281

Evidence

Reading pass · 42 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 CCL11 (eotaxin) binds with high affinity and specificity to the chemokine receptor CCR3 (CKR-3), which is selectively expressed on eosinophils. Cells transfected with CCR3 cDNA bound radiolabeled eotaxin specifically and migrated in transwell chemotaxis assays to eotaxin, RANTES, and MCP-3, but not other chemokines. Radioligand binding assays, transwell chemotaxis assays, cDNA transfection, Northern blot The Journal of experimental medicine High 8676064
1997 CCR3, the eotaxin receptor, is selectively expressed by human Th2 (but not Th1) lymphocytes in addition to eosinophils and basophils. Eotaxin stimulated increases in intracellular calcium and chemotaxis of CCR3+ T cells. Flow cytometry, intracellular calcium flux assay, chemotaxis assay, antibody-based cell isolation Science (New York, N.Y.) High 9302298
1997 CCR3 is functionally expressed by Th2-type T lymphocytes (not Th1) and mediates CCL11-induced calcium flux and migration; CCR3+ T lymphocytes co-localize with eosinophils at sites of allergic inflammation in vivo. cDNA library cloning, flow cytometry, calcium flux assay, chemotaxis assay, immunostaining of tissue sections Current biology : CB High 9480044
1996 Mouse CCR3 (renamed from MIP-1α receptor-like 2) is a functional eotaxin receptor: human and mouse eotaxin, but not other chemokines, induced transient increases in [Ca2+]i in HEK293 cells expressing the receptor; CCR3 RNA was abundant in primary eosinophils. Calcium flux assay in transfected cells, RT-PCR, radioligand binding Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 8687456
1997 CCL11 expression in lung epithelial cells is induced by TNF-α and IL-1β at the mRNA and protein level, and this induction is inhibited by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Cytokine-induced mRNA increases correlated with increased protein production and secretion. RT-PCR, ELISA, Northern blot, pharmacological inhibition with dexamethasone The Journal of clinical investigation High 9120022
1999 CCL11 (eotaxin) induces phosphorylation and activation of p42/p44 MAP kinases (ERK1/2) in eosinophils; blockade of MAPK activation by PD98059 dramatically decreases CCL11-induced eosinophil rolling in vivo and chemotaxis in vitro, consistent with regulation of actin polymerization and rearrangement. Phosphorylation assays, MAPK inhibitor (PD98059), in vivo rolling assay, in vitro chemotaxis, actin polymerization assay Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 10415066
1999 Human airway smooth muscle cells constitutively express CCL11, and expression is enhanced by TNF-α and IL-1β. CCL11 secreted from ASM cells acts as a chemoattractant for eosinophils; anti-CCL11 and anti-RANTES antibodies together inhibit >70% of eosinophil chemotaxis toward ASM supernatants. RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, ELISA, chemotaxis assay, antibody neutralization American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine High 10351942
2001 CCL11 (eotaxin) is a natural antagonist for CCR2 and an agonist for CCR5 in addition to its primary agonist activity at CCR3. Eotaxin displaces 125I-MCP-1 from monocytes, inhibits MCP-1-induced chemotaxis and enzyme release via CCR2, and induces CCR5 internalization but not CCR2 internalization. Radiolabeled ligand binding assays, calcium flux assay, chemotaxis assay, enzyme release assay, receptor internalization assay in monocytes and transfected cells Blood High 11264152
2001 CCL11 (eotaxin) is a partial agonist of CCR2b: at 1 µM it induces chemotaxis of CCR2b transfectants and THP-1 cells (blocked by anti-CCR2 but not anti-CCR3), while sub-stimulatory concentrations inhibit MCP-1-induced chemotaxis and calcium flux through CCR2b. Eotaxin binds CCR2b with Kd = 7.50 nM vs 1.68 nM at CCR3. Chemotaxis assay, intracellular calcium flux, radioligand binding on CCR2b and CCR3 transfectants, antibody blocking The Journal of biological chemistry High 11559700
2001 IL-13 upregulates CCL11 expression in airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) via a STAT6-dependent mechanism: IL-13 activates STAT6 nuclear binding to the eotaxin promoter, and mutation of the STAT6 binding site or use of a dominant-negative STAT6 abolishes IL-13-induced promoter activation and CCL11 protein secretion. RT-PCR, ELISA, promoter-luciferase reporter transfection, EMSA, site-directed mutagenesis, dominant-negative STAT6 cotransfection American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 11415942
2001 TNF-α and IL-4/IL-13 induce CCL11 (eotaxin-1) expression in fibroblasts through a STAT6-mediated transcriptional pathway. TNF-α inducibility requires STAT6 (shown by STAT6-defective HEK293 cells), involves a composite STAT6/NF-κB element, and a dominant-negative STAT6 inhibits TNF-α-induced CCL11 secretion in primary fibroblasts. Promoter-luciferase reporter assay, EMSA, cotransfection with STAT6 expression vectors, dominant-negative STAT6, ELISA Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 11254707
2000 IL-1β induces CCL11 (eotaxin) gene transcription in airway epithelial cells via an NF-κB site located 46 bp upstream from the transcriptional start site. Site-directed mutagenesis showed this NF-κB site is necessary and sufficient for IL-1β induction; p50 and p65 bind this site; and NF-κB inhibitors block IL-1β-induced CCL11 mRNA expression. Nuclear run-on transcription assay, promoter-luciferase reporter, site-directed mutagenesis, EMSA, supershift assay, NF-κB inhibitors, p65 overexpression American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology High 11076795
2005 TNF-α-induced CCL11 gene transcription in airway smooth muscle cells is mediated mainly by NF-κB (p65/p50), which induces selective histone H4 acetylation on lysines 5 and 12 at the CCL11 promoter. β2-Agonists and glucocorticoids inhibit CCL11 by blocking TNF-α-induced histone H4 acetylation and p65 binding to the promoter without affecting NF-κB nuclear translocation or in vitro DNA binding. Luciferase reporter assay, Western blot, EMSA, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 15972682
2007 CCL11 (eotaxin) binds selectively to immobilized heparin with high affinity (Kd = 1.23 × 10⁻⁸ M), but not to heparan sulfate or other GAGs. This interaction protects CCL11 from proteolysis by plasmin and indirectly by cathepsin G and elastase, and co-administration of CCL11 and heparin significantly enhances eosinophil recruitment in a mouse air-pouch model in vivo. Heparin affinity binding assay (Kd determination), protease protection assay, mouse air-pouch model in vivo, in vitro chemotaxis assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 17384413
2014 CCL11 undergoes bidirectional transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The slow influx phase is explained by binding to cellular components in blood; the rapid uptake phase involves direct interactions with the BBB. A slow but saturable transport system exists from brain to blood. CCR3 did not facilitate CCL11 transport across the BBB. Transport does not disrupt BBB integrity. In vivo pharmacokinetic transport assay (multiple time regression), biphasic kinetics analysis, regional brain dissection, BBB disruption assay, pharmacological CCR3 blockade The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics High 24706984
2014 The structural basis of CCL11/eotaxin-1 recognition of CCR3 was determined: sulfotyrosine residues at positions in the CCR3 N-terminus (residues 8-23) form hydrophobic, salt bridge, and cation-π interactions with residues conserved in CC chemokines. Intact CCR3 is sulfated, and sulfation enhances receptor activity. The orientation of CCL11 relative to the receptor N-terminus differs from that of CXC chemokines. NMR structure determination, peptide binding assay with chemical shift mapping, receptor sulfation validation, functional receptor activity assay Structure (London, England : 1993) High 25450766
2004 CCL11 induces CCR3-dependent smooth muscle cell (SMC) chemotaxis. CCR3 mRNA and protein are expressed in mouse aortic SMCs; CCL11-induced SMC migration in Boyden chamber and scrape-wound assay is blocked by anti-CCR3 (but not anti-CCR2) antibody. CCR3 and CCL11 are upregulated in medial and intimal SMCs after arterial injury. RT-PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, Boyden chamber chemotaxis, scrape-wound assay, immunohistochemistry, antibody neutralization Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology High 15130922
2005 CCL11 (eotaxin/CCL11) exerts direct profibrogenic effects on human lung fibroblasts via CCR3, which is constitutively expressed on these cells. CCL11 increases fibroblast proliferation, MMP-2 activity, and collagen synthesis, but not TGF-β1 release or myofibroblast differentiation. CCL11-enhanced fibroblast migration is completely inhibited by anti-CCR3 neutralizing antibodies. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR, Northern blot, proliferation assay (tritiated thymidine), chemotaxis (Boyden chamber), collagen synthesis (tritiated proline), gelatin zymography, ELISA, antibody neutralization The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology High 16387592
2004 IL-9 induces CCL11/eotaxin-1 expression in human airway smooth muscle cells through STAT3 signaling (not STAT6 or STAT5). IL-9 induces STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 binding to the CCL11 promoter in vivo; dominant-negative STAT3β abolishes IL-9-induced CCL11 promoter activity; STAT3 siRNA reduces CCL11 mRNA. RT-PCR, ELISA, promoter-luciferase reporter, ChIP assay (STAT3 binding to promoter), dominant-negative constructs, siRNA knockdown Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) / PloS one High 15294996 20169197
2012 CCL11 stimulates piecemeal degranulation of eosinophil-associated RNases (EARs) from mouse eosinophils in vitro (EC50 5 nM via CCR3). Cell-free eosinophil granules express functional CCR3 receptors and secrete EAR and eosinophil peroxidase in response to CCL11. RNase enzymatic activity assay, electron microscopy (ultrastructure), in vitro eosinophil stimulation, mouse model of allergic airway inflammation FASEB journal High 22294786
2012 STAT6 binding to the eotaxin-3 promoter is blocked by omeprazole in EoE esophageal cells, explaining PPI-mediated suppression of IL-4-stimulated CCL11 (eotaxin) family production. Omeprazole had no effect on STAT6 phosphorylation or nuclear translocation but blocked binding of STAT6, RNA polymerase II, and trimethylated H3K4 to the eotaxin-3 promoter. ChIP assay (STAT6, RNA Pol II, H3K4me3), Western blot (STAT6 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation), ELISA, RT-PCR, promoter reporter construct PloS one High 23185525
2011 CCL11 promotes survival of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) cells via autocrine CCR3 signaling and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, inducing expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and survivin. ERK1/2 inhibition completely blocked CCL11-mediated cell survival and tumor proliferation. Cell survival assay, proliferation assay, ERK1/2 phosphorylation (Western blot), ERK inhibitor, in vivo tumor growth, immunostaining Cancer research High 21406396
2012 TGF-β1 synergizes with IL-13 to increase CCL11 expression in airway fibroblasts by augmenting STAT6 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and binding to the CCL11 promoter. TGF-β1 activates the MEK/ERK pathway to reduce IL-13Rα2 (the decoy receptor), thereby overcoming IL-13's autoregulatory feedback and enhancing STAT6-dependent CCL11 transcription. Nuclear run-on transcription assay, mRNA stability assay, STAT6 siRNA, promoter ChIP, Western blot (STAT6 phosphorylation and translocation), MEK/ERK inhibitor, IL-13Rα2 expression analysis Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 22573806
2017 FGF21 acts on adipocytes in an autocrine manner to promote CCL11 expression and secretion via ERK1/2 activation, which drives eosinophil recruitment into subcutaneous white adipose tissue, leading to M2 macrophage accumulation and beige adipocyte biogenesis. CCL11 neutralization blocks FGF21-induced type 2 immune responses and beiging. Conditional knockout mice (adipose-specific FGF21 and β-Klotho ablation), CCL11 neutralization, ERK1/2 activation assay, eosinophil/macrophage quantification, adipocyte differentiation assays, CCL11 replenishment rescue Cell metabolism High 28844880
2009 CCL11 signaling in ovarian carcinoma cells (via CCR2, CCR3, CCR5) stimulates proliferation and migration/invasion and activates ERK1/2, MEK1, and STAT3 phosphorylation. Neutralizing antibodies against CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5 inhibit CCL11-stimulated growth and invasion. Proliferation assay, migration/invasion assay, antibody neutralization, phosphoprotein analysis (ERK1/2, MEK1, STAT3), ELISA Clinical cancer research Medium 19351767
2003 OSM (oncostatin M) induces CCL11 production in fibroblasts via partial dependence on ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling (not STAT3 alone); pharmacological inhibitors of ERK (PD98059) and p38 (SB203580) partially reduce OSM-induced CCL11 production in NIH 3T3 cells. ELISA, RT-PCR, Western blot (STAT3, ERK, p38 phosphorylation), pharmacological inhibitors, adenoviral OSM overexpression in vivo Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) Medium 12496442
2001 Genetic epistasis in mice shows that eotaxin (CCL11) overexpression in intestinal enterocytes drives gastrointestinal eosinophilia via a β7 integrin-dependent mechanism; genetic rescue (eotaxin transgene in eotaxin-deficient mice) restores gastrointestinal eosinophil levels, while β7-integrin blockade prevents accumulation. Transgenic mice (enterocyte-specific eotaxin expression), eotaxin gene-targeted mice with transgenic rescue, eosinophil quantification, β7 integrin blockade The Journal of biological chemistry High 11733500
2005 Genetic deletion of eotaxin-1 (CCL11) and eotaxin-2 together in mice (DKO) causes a marked decrease in pulmonary tissue eosinophilia in OVA-challenged asthma models, approaching the low levels seen in CCR3-deficient mice. Individual eotaxin-1 or eotaxin-2 deletion has modest effects, indicating synergistic and non-redundant roles in CCR3-mediated eosinophil recruitment. Targeted gene deletion (single and double KO), allergen-challenge asthma model, eosinophil quantification in BAL and tissue, CCR3-deficient mice comparison Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 16210640
2011 In airway smooth muscle cells, dimethylfumarate (DMF) inhibits NF-κB-dependent CCL11 (eotaxin) secretion by inducing IκBα glutathionylation (IκBα-SSG), which prevents IκBα degradation, NF-κB p65 nuclear entry, and NF-κB/DNA binding; DMF also inhibits phosphorylation of histone H3 via MSK-1 inhibition. These effects are reversed by glutathione-OEt. ELISA, EMSA, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting (IκBα-SSG, p65, p-H3) The European respiratory journal Medium 21719482
2003 Eotaxin (CCL11) and IL-5 activate overlapping signal transduction pathways for eosinophil shape change, including MAPK, p38 MAPK, intracellular Ca2+, and PKA, but CCL11-induced shape change does not require PKC, which is required for IL-5-induced shape change and associated ERK1/2 activation. Gated autofluorescence/forward-scatter shape change assay, pharmacological inhibitors (MAPK, p38, Ca2+ depletion, PKA, PTK, PKC), ERK1/2 phosphorylation assay Immunology Medium 12562334
2024 In pancreatic cancer, ATX-LPA signaling suppresses CCL11 expression via inhibition of the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun; ATX inhibition de-represses CCL11, increasing eosinophil accumulation in the tumor microenvironment. CCL11 neutralization reversed eosinophil accumulation caused by ATX inhibition, placing CCL11 downstream of ATX-LPA-c-Jun in this autocrine feedback loop. Genetic ATX inhibition (knockout), pharmacological ATX inhibition, CCL11 neutralization, eosinophil quantification, c-Jun activity assay, gene expression analysis, human PDAC specimen analysis Nature cancer High 38195933
2011 CCL11 induces MMP-3 mRNA expression in human chondrocytes via ERK and p38 kinase pathways (inhibited by ERK and p38 inhibitors), while MMP-3 protein secretion is regulated by PLC-PKC cascade and JNK/MAP kinase pathways. cAMP/PKA pathway antagonizes CCL11-induced MMP-3 expression, and these effects are mediated through G protein-coupled CCL11 receptor activity. RT-PCR, pharmacological inhibitors (ERK, p38, PKA, PKC, JNK, PLC), ELISA, Western blot Journal of biomedical science Medium 22114952
2022 Brg1 (a chromatin remodeling protein) directly binds to the proximal CCL11 promoter and activates its transcription by interacting with NF-κB/RelA. NF-κB knockdown or inhibition disrupts Brg1 recruitment to the CCL11 promoter and blocks CCL11 induction in hepatocytes during liver regeneration. ChIP assay (Brg1 promoter binding), NF-κB knockdown, pharmaceutical NF-κB inhibition, liver-specific Brg1 knockout, adenoviral CCL11 overexpression, quantitative PCR, ELISA Cell death & disease High 35614068
2023 CCL11 promotes hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis: CCL11 levels are elevated in HSCs from fibrotic mice and induced by TGF-β and PDGF. Zinc finger factor 281 binds the CCL11 promoter and mediates its trans-activation. CCL11 regulates HSC activation by stimulating Jagged 1 transcription; CCL11-/- or HSC-specific CCL11 knockdown mitigates fibrogenesis, and CCR3 antagonism or anti-CCL11 neutralizing antibodies ameliorate liver fibrosis. ChIP (ZNF281 promoter binding), RNA sequencing, CCL11-/- global KO, HSC-specific conditional knockdown, CCR3 antagonist, anti-CCL11 neutralizing antibodies, Jagged 1 reconstitution, ELISA, qPCR Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) High 36651177
2023 CCL11 promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage response (DDR) activation (p-TP53, γH2AX) in lung fibroblasts, leading to cellular senescence and increased secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. ROS assay, DNA damage response markers (Western blot: p-TP53, γH2AX), senescence assay, SASP cytokine ELISA, in silico target analysis (PseudoCell), gene expression in asthmatic airway epithelial cells Frontiers in immunology Medium 37860000
2017 CCL11 promotes migration and proliferation of mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro; these effects are partly inhibited by the CCR3 antagonist SB297006. In neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury, NPCs migrate toward injured areas where CC chemokines including CCL11 are markedly elevated. Migration assay, proliferation assay, CCR3 antagonist (SB297006), neonatal mouse hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model, chemokine quantification Stem cell research & therapy Medium 28173860
2017 In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), CCL11-CCR3 interaction activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (not ERK1/2), promoting endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. CCR3 siRNA knockdown reduces PI3K phosphorylation, and PI3K inhibitors abolish CCL11-induced Akt phosphorylation. Scratch wound assay, MTS proliferation assay, rat aortic ring sprouting assay, siRNA knockdown of CCR3, PI3K inhibitors, Western blot (Akt, ERK1/2 phosphorylation) Journal of receptor and signal transduction research Medium 28279120
2013 Myeloid cell-specific NF-κB/RelA (p65) regulates CCL11 expression and intestinal eosinophilic inflammation: DSS-induced CCL11 expression, eosinophilic inflammation, and histopathology are attenuated in RelA/p65(Δmye) mice. Calprotectin (S100a8/S100a9) induces CCL11 production from macrophages via a p65-dependent mechanism. Conditional myeloid-specific p65 knockout, DSS colitis model, STAT6-/- comparison, LPS stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages, gene array analysis, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 23562811
2021 CCL11 promotes CCR3-dependent self-amplifying expression in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS): CCL11 induces its own mRNA and CCR3 mRNA expression; TNF-α induces CCL11/CCR3 expression; CCR3 antagonist reduces TNF-α-induced CCL11 secretion; CCL11 induces migration of RA FLS and monocytes; CCL11 siRNA reduces FLS migration. ELISA, immunofluorescence, quantitative PCR, CCR3 antagonist, CCL11 siRNA, migration assay Scientific reports Medium 33846499
2021 CCL11 exacerbates DSS-induced colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice: Ccl11-/- mice show decreased colon tumor number and burden, histologic injury, and eosinophil infiltration versus WT. Bone marrow chimera experiments showed that both hematopoietic- and epithelial cell-derived CCL11 are important for tumorigenesis. Ccl11-/- mice, DSS colitis model, AOM-DSS carcinogenesis model, bone marrow chimera, histology, eosinophil quantification Oncogene High 34625710
2021 Circulating CCL11 (eotaxin-1) mediates age-related cognitive decline: neutralizing anti-CCL11 antibody in standard-housed aged mice produces EE-like improvements in spatial memory, hippocampal neurogenesis, and microglial activation; conversely, interfering with CCL11 reduction during environmental enrichment ablates its beneficial effects. Anti-CCL11 neutralizing antibody treatment, environmental enrichment, hippocampal neurogenesis quantification, spatial memory testing, microglial activation assessment, ribosomal S6 activation Brain, behavior, and immunity High 34418501
2014 Elevated CCL11 levels in the tumor microenvironment suppress dendritic cell differentiation/maturation, skewing toward a Th2 immune response and impairing CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor lysis. Myeloid IKKβ loss in macrophages reduces MHC class II expression and enhances CCL11 production, promoting melanoma growth. Myeloid-specific IKKβ knockout mice, allograft tumor models, macrophage depletion, CD8+ T cell depletion, serum/tissue CCL11 measurement, flow cytometry (MHC II, DC maturation) Cancer research Medium 25336190

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1999 Pulmonary expression of interleukin-13 causes inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial fibrosis, physiologic abnormalities, and eotaxin production. The Journal of clinical investigation 1228 10079098
1997 Selective expression of the eotaxin receptor CCR3 by human T helper 2 cells. Science (New York, N.Y.) 818 9302298
1996 Molecular cloning and characterization of a human eotaxin receptor expressed selectively on eosinophils. The Journal of experimental medicine 493 8676064
1997 Expression of eotaxin by human lung epithelial cells: induction by cytokines and inhibition by glucocorticoids. The Journal of clinical investigation 310 9120022
1999 The MCP/eotaxin subfamily of CC chemokines. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 289 10379912
2012 Omeprazole blocks eotaxin-3 expression by oesophageal squamous cells from patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis and GORD. Gut 275 22580413
1997 Functional expression of the eotaxin receptor CCR3 in T lymphocytes co-localizing with eosinophils. Current biology : CB 218 9480044
2012 Omeprazole blocks STAT6 binding to the eotaxin-3 promoter in eosinophilic esophagitis cells. PloS one 203 23185525
2005 The eotaxin chemokines and CCR3 are fundamental regulators of allergen-induced pulmonary eosinophilia. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 189 16210640
1995 Constitutive and allergen-induced expression of eotaxin mRNA in the guinea pig lung. The Journal of experimental medicine 184 7869037
1999 Constitutive and cytokine-stimulated expression of eotaxin by human airway smooth muscle cells. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 155 10351942
1999 Enhanced expression of eotaxin and CCR3 in atopic dermatitis. The Journal of investigative dermatology 152 10417617
2001 Eotaxin is a natural antagonist for CCR2 and an agonist for CCR5. Blood 150 11264152
2001 Interleukin-13 upregulates eotaxin expression in airway epithelial cells by a STAT6-dependent mechanism. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 140 11415942
2017 The FGF21-CCL11 Axis Mediates Beiging of White Adipose Tissues by Coupling Sympathetic Nervous System to Type 2 Immunity. Cell metabolism 125 28844880
1999 Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates eotaxin-induced eosinophil migration. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 120 10415066
1997 Role of the monocyte chemoattractant protein and eotaxin subfamily of chemokines in allergic inflammation. Journal of leukocyte biology 115 9365117
2007 Increased expression of eotaxin-3 distinguishes between eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Human pathology 101 17900656
2001 STAT6 mediates eotaxin-1 expression in IL-4 or TNF-alpha-induced fibroblasts. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 97 11254707
1998 Th2-induced eotaxin expression and eosinophilia coexist with Th1 responses at the effector stage of lung inflammation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 94 9743380
2006 Extracellular matrix regulates enhanced eotaxin expression in asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 93 16709936
2001 Eotaxin and asthma. Current opinion in pharmacology 92 11712747
2014 Rapid transport of CCL11 across the blood-brain barrier: regional variation and importance of blood cells. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 88 24706984
2009 Role of eotaxin-1 signaling in ovarian cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 83 19351767
2005 The CC chemokine eotaxin/CCL11 has a selective profibrogenic effect on human lung fibroblasts. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 82 16387592
2020 CCL-11 or Eotaxin-1: An Immune Marker for Ageing and Accelerated Ageing in Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 77 32887304
2004 CCL11 (Eotaxin) induces CCR3-dependent smooth muscle cell migration. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 74 15130922
1999 Elevated plasma eotaxin levels in patients with acute asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 74 10518822
2005 beta2-Adrenoceptor agonists, like glucocorticoids, repress eotaxin gene transcription by selective inhibition of histone H4 acetylation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 73 15972682
1997 Genomic organization, sequence, and transcriptional regulation of the human eotaxin gene. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 73 9299399
1996 Identification of a mouse eosinophil receptor for the CC chemokine eotaxin. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 71 8687456
2001 Enterocyte expression of the eotaxin and interleukin-5 transgenes induces compartmentalized dysregulation of eosinophil trafficking. The Journal of biological chemistry 70 11733500
2002 Indomethacin causes prostaglandin D(2)-like and eotaxin-like selective responses in eosinophils and basophils. The Journal of biological chemistry 67 11980903
2014 Structural basis of receptor sulfotyrosine recognition by a CC chemokine: the N-terminal region of CCR3 bound to CCL11/eotaxin-1. Structure (London, England : 1993) 66 25450766
2011 Eotaxin-3 in Churg-Strauss syndrome: a clinical and immunogenetic study. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 66 21266446
2007 Eotaxin selectively binds heparin. An interaction that protects eotaxin from proteolysis and potentiates chemotactic activity in vivo. The Journal of biological chemistry 66 17384413
2007 Increased serum levels of CCL11/eotaxin in schizophrenia. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 66 18096286
2014 From airway inflammation to inflammatory bowel disease: eotaxin-1, a key regulator of intestinal inflammation. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 64 24786916
2004 IL-9-mediated induction of eotaxin1/CCL11 in human airway smooth muscle cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 63 15294996
2001 The CC chemokine eotaxin (CCL11) is a partial agonist of CC chemokine receptor 2b. The Journal of biological chemistry 61 11559700
2001 Increased serum levels of eotaxin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 60 11346206
2000 Eotaxin in induced sputum of asthmatics: relationship with eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein in sputum. Allergy 60 10782526
2002 Regulation of human eotaxin-3/CCL26 expression: modulation by cytokines and glucocorticoids. Cytokine 59 12061839
2000 Localization in tissues and secretion of eotaxin by cells from normal endometrium and endometriosis. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 58 10902814
2000 NMR solution structure and receptor peptide binding of the CC chemokine eotaxin-2. Biochemistry 54 10913244
2003 Oncostatin M regulates eotaxin expression in fibroblasts and eosinophilic inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 53 12496442
2016 An Overlook to the Characteristics and Roles Played by Eotaxin Network in the Pathophysiology of Food Allergies: Allergic Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis. Inflammation 52 26861136
2002 Expression of a functional eotaxin (CC chemokine ligand 11) receptor CCR3 by human dendritic cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 52 12218106
2010 Eotaxin-2/CCL24 and eotaxin-3/CCL26 exert differential profibrogenic effects on human lung fibroblasts. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 51 20143648
2006 Rosmarinic acid as a downstream inhibitor of IKK-beta in TNF-alpha-induced upregulation of CCL11 and CCR3. British journal of pharmacology 51 16604092
2018 IL-37 inhibits IL-4/IL-13-induced CCL11 production and lung eosinophilia in murine allergic asthma. Allergy 50 29319845
2022 Eotaxin-1 (CCL11) in neuroinflammatory disorders and possible role in COVID-19 neurologic complications. Acta neurologica Belgica 48 35690992
2002 Eotaxin receptor (CCR3) antagonism in asthma and allergic disease. Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy 48 14561201
2015 Eosinophils in Colorectal Neoplasms Associated with Expression of CCL11 and CCL24. Journal of pathology and translational medicine 47 26657310
2021 CCL11 exacerbates colitis and inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis. Oncogene 46 34625710
2012 Expression of Ccl11 associates with immune response modulation and protection against neuroinflammation in rats. PloS one 46 22815714
2012 CCL11 elicits secretion of RNases from mouse eosinophils and their cell-free granules. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 44 22294786
2011 Up-regulation of CCL11 and CCL26 is associated with activated eosinophils in bullous pemphigoid. Clinical and experimental immunology 44 21985360
2009 Interleukin-13 directly promotes oesophagus production of CCL11 and CCL24 and the migration of eosinophils. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 43 20030665
2005 Cytokine-stimulated human lung alveolar epithelial cells release eotaxin-2 (CCL24) and eotaxin-3 (CCL26). Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research 43 15695929
2014 Proton pump inhibitors decrease eotaxin-3 expression in the proximal esophagus of children with esophageal eosinophilia. PloS one 42 24988451
2011 CCL11-CCR3 interactions promote survival of anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells via ERK1/2 activation. Cancer research 42 21406396
1998 Eotaxin modulates myelopoiesis and mast cell development from embryonic hematopoietic progenitors. Blood 42 9731045
2012 MAPK regulation of IL-4/IL-13 receptors contributes to the synergistic increase in CCL11/eotaxin-1 in response to TGF-β1 and IL-13 in human airway fibroblasts. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 41 22573806
2003 Zinc chelators inhibit eotaxin, RANTES, and MCP-1 production in stimulated human airway epithelium and fibroblasts. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 41 12765881
2013 CD14+CD33+ myeloid cell-CCL11-eosinophil signature in ulcerative colitis. Journal of leukocyte biology 40 23904440
2006 Oncostatin-M up-regulates VCAM-1 and synergizes with IL-4 in eotaxin expression: involvement of STAT6. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 40 16547273
2000 IL-1beta induces eotaxin gene transcription in A549 airway epithelial cells through NF-kappaB. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 39 11076795
2014 Myeloid IKKβ promotes antitumor immunity by modulating CCL11 and the innate immune response. Cancer research 37 25336190
2005 Tacrolimus decreases the expression of eotaxin, CCR3, RANTES and interleukin-5 in atopic dermatitis. The British journal of dermatology 37 15948978
2001 Increased plasma eotaxin in atopic dermatitis and acute urticaria in infants and children. Allergy 37 11576081
2011 IκBα glutathionylation and reduced histone H3 phosphorylation inhibit eotaxin and RANTES. The European respiratory journal 36 21719482
2006 Membrane-bound eotaxin-3 mediates eosinophil transepithelial migration in IL-4-stimulated epithelial cells. European journal of immunology 36 16983721
2003 Association of Eotaxin gene family with asthma and serum total IgE. Human molecular genetics 35 12761043
2005 Inhibition of allergen-induced eosinophil recruitment by natural tetranortriterpenoids is mediated by the suppression of IL-5, CCL11/eotaxin and NFkappaB activation. International immunopharmacology 34 16399616
2011 Regulation of MMP-3 expression and secretion by the chemokine eotaxin-1 in human chondrocytes. Journal of biomedical science 33 22114952
2004 Expression of rat I-TAC/CXCL11/SCYA11 during central nervous system inflammation: comparison with other CXCR3 ligands. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 33 15322564
2024 Autotaxin-lysolipid signaling suppresses a CCL11-eosinophil axis to promote pancreatic cancer progression. Nature cancer 31 38195933
2001 Eotaxin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. The European respiratory journal 31 11488333
2014 Nasal fluid release of eotaxin-3 and eotaxin-2 in persistent sinonasal eosinophilic inflammation. International forum of allergy & rhinology 30 24989688
2013 Intestinal CCL11 and eosinophilic inflammation is regulated by myeloid cell-specific RelA/p65 in mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 30 23562811
2004 TGF-beta differentially regulates TH2 cytokine-induced eotaxin and eotaxin-3 release by human airway smooth muscle cells. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 30 15480317
2000 Increased coexpression of eotaxin and interleukin 5 in bullous pemphigoid. Acta dermato-venereologica 30 11028861
2022 Trans-activation of eotaxin-1 by Brg1 contributes to liver regeneration. Cell death & disease 29 35614068
2017 CCL11 promotes migration and proliferation of mouse neural progenitor cells. Stem cell research & therapy 29 28173860
2011 Dermal fibroblasts from acute inflamed atopic dermatitis lesions display increased eotaxin/CCL11 responsiveness to interleukin-4 stimulation. The British journal of dermatology 29 21039413
2010 IL-9 induces CCL11 expression via STAT3 signalling in human airway smooth muscle cells. PloS one 29 20169197
2017 CCL11 promotes angiogenic activity by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in HUVECs. Journal of receptor and signal transduction research 28 28279120
2009 Interleukin-4 induces expression of eotaxin in endometriotic stromal cells. Fertility and sterility 28 19338989
2023 Regulatory role and translational potential of CCL11 in liver fibrosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 27 36651177
2003 A parallel signal-transduction pathway for eotaxin- and interleukin-5-induced eosinophil shape change. Immunology 27 12562334
2023 Eotaxin-1/CCL11 promotes cellular senescence in human-derived fibroblasts through pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory pathways. Frontiers in immunology 26 37860000
2015 Eotaxin-3 (CCL26) exerts innate host defense activities that are modulated by mast cell proteases. Allergy 26 25377782
2012 Eotaxin/CCL11 in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 26 23114905
2004 Measurement of eotaxin (CCL11) in induced sputum supernatants: validation and detection in asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 26 15100669
2002 Eotaxin expression by epithelial cells and plasma cells in chronic asthma. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 26 11950906
2021 Eotaxin-1/CCL11 is involved in cell migration in rheumatoid arthritis. Scientific reports 25 33846499
2021 Reduced ccl11/eotaxin mediates the beneficial effects of environmental stimulation on the aged hippocampus. Brain, behavior, and immunity 25 34418501
2017 Plasma Chemokines in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders: Association of CCL11 (Eotaxin-1) with Psychiatric Comorbidity. Frontiers in psychiatry 25 28149283
2009 Chitin stimulates expression of acidic mammalian chitinase and eotaxin-3 by human sinonasal epithelial cells in vitro. American journal of rhinology & allergy 25 19379605