Affinage

CAT

Catalase · UniProt P04040

Round 2 corrected
Length
527 aa
Mass
59.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Insufficient on-target evidence to synthesize a narrative — discovery timeline does not match the canonical CAT protein.

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
No controlled-vocabulary terms were assigned to this entry.

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1986 The human catalase gene was isolated and characterized: it is 34 kb long, split into 13 exons, lacks a TATA box, has a GC-rich promoter containing CCAAT and GGGCGG (Sp1) motifs, and translation initiates immediately upstream of the N-terminal Ala residue of the mature protein. Recombinant phage clone isolation, cDNA sequencing, exon mapping Nucleic acids research High 3755525
2000 The 1.5 Å crystal structure of human catalase revealed: (1) a 25 Å-long channel that acts as a 'molecular ruler' to selectively bind H2O2 over water; (2) a Tyr-Arg-His-Asp charge relay at the heme active site; (3) Tyr370 as the likely tyrosine radical intermediate; (4) NADPH bound at a site separate from the active site, with structural evidence that NADPH binding is redox-sensitive and may regulate cognate mRNA binding; (5) specific binding modes for inhibitors cyanide and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT). X-ray crystallography at 1.5 Å resolution, with and without NADPH; inhibitor co-crystal structures Journal of molecular biology High 10656833
1999 Adenoviral overexpression of human catalase in rat aortic smooth muscle cells reduced intracellular H2O2, inhibited DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis ~5-fold. The pro-apoptotic effect was mediated through induction of COX-2, as a COX-2 inhibitor rescued cell numbers, establishing H2O2 as a survival/proliferation signal in vascular smooth muscle cells. Adenoviral gene transfer, [3H]thymidine uptake, cell counting, annexin V apoptosis assay, COX-2 inhibitor rescue Circulation research High 10488055
1999 A portion of ATM protein co-localizes with catalase in peroxisomes: ATM was detected in purified mouse peroxisomes by subcellular fractionation, yeast two-hybrid showed ATM interacts with a peroxisomal matrix import protein, and ATM-deficient (A-T) cells showed significantly decreased catalase activity and increased lipid peroxidation, placing catalase function in the ATM/peroxisomal oxidative stress response pathway. Subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence co-localization, yeast two-hybrid, catalase activity assay, lipid peroxidation assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 10567403
2001 A common C/T polymorphism at position -262 bp from the catalase transcription start site (CAT C-262T) differentially binds transcription factors (shown by gel retardation/EMSA), drives ~1.5-fold higher transcriptional activity of the T allele in reporter assays in HepG2 and K562 cells, and correlates with significantly higher red blood cell catalase levels in T-allele carriers. Genomic sequencing, EMSA/gel retardation, luciferase reporter assays, red blood cell catalase activity measurement, genotyping Free radical biology & medicine High 11182520
2000 In the normal human placenta, as the maternal arterial circulation is established at ~10–12 weeks gestation, oxygen tension rises steeply (from <20 mmHg to >50 mmHg), and this is accompanied by significant increases in both catalase mRNA levels and enzymatic activity within placental tissues, indicating that catalase is transcriptionally and post-translationally upregulated in response to the onset of oxidative stress. Multiparameter O2 probe, quantitative RT-PCR for catalase mRNA, catalase enzyme activity assay, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy The American journal of pathology Medium 11106583
2003 UVB light stimulates catalase to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) rather than scavenge them: purified 240-kDa heme-containing catalase generated ROS in a temperature- and O2-dependent manner upon UVB irradiation in vitro; inhibitors of the catalatic activity (3-aminotriazole, azide) enhanced ROS generation while cyanide inhibited it; keratinocytes overexpressing catalase produced more UVB-induced ROS, and catalase knockdown reduced ROS, demonstrating a direct, unexpected pro-oxidant role for catalase under UVB. Protein purification (ion exchange, metal affinity, size exclusion), LC-ion trap MS identification, in vitro ROS assay with purified catalase, catalase inhibitors/activators, catalase overexpression and knockdown in keratinocytes The Journal of biological chemistry High 12730222
2008 Sirt1 bidirectionally regulates catalase expression in renal tubular cells: without ROS, Sirt1 inhibitors increased catalase expression while Sirt1 overexpression decreased it; with H2O2-induced stress, Sirt1 was upregulated and in turn increased catalase expression via FoxO3a nuclear accumulation, and Sirt1 overexpression rescued H2O2-induced apoptosis through catalase upregulation. FoxO3a gene silencing enhanced apoptosis, establishing a Sirt1→FoxO3a→catalase axis. Sirt1 overexpression/inhibition in HK-2 cells, H2O2 apoptosis model, FoxO3a gene silencing, catalase expression assays, apoptosis quantification Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 18485895
2010 Targeted overexpression of human catalase to mitochondria (MCAT mice) prevented age-associated reductions in muscle mitochondrial function (~30% preservation), protected against lipid-induced muscle insulin resistance, reduced mitochondrial oxidative damage, preserved mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis, and activated AMP-activated protein kinase-induced mitochondrial biogenesis, establishing mitochondrial H2O2 as a causal driver of age-associated metabolic dysfunction. Transgenic mouse model with mitochondria-targeted human catalase, in vivo/in vitro mitochondrial function assays, insulin clamp studies, mitochondrial oxidative damage markers, AMPK activity assays Cell metabolism High 21109199
2001 Mitochondria-targeted catalase (mito-Cat) did not protect human embryonic kidney cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis, whereas mitochondria-localized MnSOD did, demonstrating that superoxide (not H2O2) is the key ROS mediator of cisplatin nephrotoxicity and placing catalase's H2O2-scavenging activity outside the primary protective pathway for cisplatin injury. Stable transfection of HEK293 cells with MnSOD or mito-Cat vectors, cisplatin treatment, DNA fragmentation, annexin V assay, clonogenic assay Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Medium 11729237
2015 Catalase gene expression is positively regulated by transcription factors NF-Y and Sp1 binding within the core promoter, and by FoxO3a; the PI3K/Akt/PKB pathway suppresses catalase expression by phosphorylating and excluding FoxO3a from the nucleus. Additional regulators include PPARγ and Oct-1, as well as epigenetic and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Altered catalase expression in cancer cells correlates with changes in these regulatory inputs. Review synthesizing promoter binding studies, transcription factor knockdown/overexpression, reporter gene assays, and pathway inhibitor experiments from multiple labs Free radical biology & medicine Medium 26117330

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2012 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. Cell 1718 22658674
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2009 Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape. Cell 1282 19615732
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2000 Onset of maternal arterial blood flow and placental oxidative stress. A possible factor in human early pregnancy failure. The American journal of pathology 787 11106583
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2011 Analysis of the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome reveals a role for β-Pix in negative regulation of focal adhesion maturation. Nature cell biology 490 21423176
2003 Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nature biotechnology 485 12665801
1976 Laminar patterns of geniculocortical projection in the cat. Brain research 453 953720
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
2000 Active and inhibited human catalase structures: ligand and NADPH binding and catalytic mechanism. Journal of molecular biology 351 10656833
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
1985 Neurogenesis of the cat's primary visual cortex. The Journal of comparative neurology 303 4086673
2003 UVB light stimulates production of reactive oxygen species: unexpected role for catalase. The Journal of biological chemistry 269 12730222
2010 Targeted expression of catalase to mitochondria prevents age-associated reductions in mitochondrial function and insulin resistance. Cell metabolism 264 21109199
1976 Origins of axons in the cat's acoustic striae determined by injection of horseradish peroxidase into severed tracts. The Journal of comparative neurology 257 61976
2008 Severe oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis lesions coincides with enhanced antioxidant enzyme expression. Free radical biology & medicine 244 18930811
2001 Manganese superoxide dismutase attenuates Cisplatin-induced renal injury: importance of superoxide. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 216 11729237
2001 A common functional C-T substitution polymorphism in the promoter region of the human catalase gene influences transcription factor binding, reporter gene transcription and is correlated to blood catalase levels. Free radical biology & medicine 211 11182520
2015 ∆F508 CFTR interactome remodelling promotes rescue of cystic fibrosis. Nature 209 26618866
2011 Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network of the human liver. Molecular systems biology 207 21988832
2018 An AP-MS- and BioID-compatible MAC-tag enables comprehensive mapping of protein interactions and subcellular localizations. Nature communications 201 29568061
2008 Sirt1 protects against oxidative stress-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis by the bidirectional regulation of catalase expression. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 200 18485895
1997 Bartonella clarridgeiae, a newly recognized zoonotic pathogen causing inoculation papules, fever, and lymphadenopathy (cat scratch disease). Journal of clinical microbiology 200 9196200
2020 Systems analysis of RhoGEF and RhoGAP regulatory proteins reveals spatially organized RAC1 signalling from integrin adhesions. Nature cell biology 194 32203420
1986 Isolation and characterization of the human catalase gene. Nucleic acids research 191 3755525
1999 Overexpression of human catalase inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation research 187 10488055
1980 Sensory maps in the claustrum of the cat. Nature 187 7442793
2015 Regulation of catalase expression in healthy and cancerous cells. Free radical biology & medicine 185 26117330
1984 Nutrition of the domestic cat, a mammalian carnivore. Annual review of nutrition 183 6380542
1984 The thalamostriatal projection in the cat. The Journal of comparative neurology 179 6323551
2019 Genetic Screens Reveal FEN1 and APEX2 as BRCA2 Synthetic Lethal Targets. Molecular cell 167 30686591
2005 Differential expression profiling of membrane proteins by quantitative proteomics in a human mesenchymal stem cell line undergoing osteoblast differentiation. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 166 16210410
1999 Localization of a portion of extranuclear ATM to peroxisomes. The Journal of biological chemistry 166 10567403
1993 How many catalytic RNAs? Ions and the Cheshire cat conjecture. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 139 8422972
2005 A chimeric human-cat fusion protein blocks cat-induced allergy. Nature medicine 137 15793580
2002 Genetic association of the catalase gene (CAT) with vitiligo susceptibility. Pigment cell research 131 11837458
1986 Mosaic architecture of the somatic sensory-recipient sector of the cat's striatum. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 129 3794782
1986 Location of neurones with cardiovascular and respiratory function, at the ventral surface of the cat's medulla. Neuroscience 115 2874522
2009 Ageing, immunosenescence and inflammageing in the dog and cat. Journal of comparative pathology 107 20005526
1980 Glucose homeostasis in a carnivorous animal (cat) and in rats fed a high-protein diet. The American journal of physiology 101 7435658
1999 The safety and efficacy of ALLERVAX CAT in cat allergic patients. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 92 10600332
1990 Identification of a CD4 homologue in the cat. Tissue antigens 92 2188396
2009 Habituation in Aplysia: the Cheshire cat of neurobiology. Neurobiology of learning and memory 89 19332142
1977 A retino-pulvinar projection in the cat. Brain research 81 890491
2006 Genome sequence of the cat pathogen, Chlamydophila felis. DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes 80 16766509
1998 Antiinflammatory actions of cat's claw: the role of NF-kappaB. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 80 9882039
1985 Recurrent inhibition of cat phrenic motoneurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 63 4009244
1989 Organization of cholinergic synapses in the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate and perigeniculate nuclei. The Journal of comparative neurology 61 2808755
2001 Quantitative kinetics of [124I]FIAU in cat and man. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 60 11337525
2017 Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) Activity Assay Protocols for Caenorhabditis elegans. Bio-protocol 59 34541169
1989 Intracellular recordings from pancreatic ganglia of the cat. The Journal of physiology 59 2621634
1981 Post-ischemic hypermetabolism in cat brain. Stroke 58 7303055
1977 The retinal input to cells in area 17 of the cat's cortex. Experimental brain research 57 598438
1977 Convergence of rod and cone signals in the cat's retina. The Journal of physiology 56 894595
2008 State of cat genomics. Trends in genetics : TIG 52 18471926
2000 Cat-scratch disease. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) 52 11189710
2005 Bartonella quintana in domestic cat. Emerging infectious diseases 51 16102321
1978 Vagal representation in the cerebellum of the cat. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 51 567781
1993 Distribution and characterization of motilin receptors in the cat. Peptides 47 8134297
1997 Neurotransmitters regulating defensive rage behavior in the cat. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 45 9415898
1998 Binocular cross-orientation suppression in the cat's striate cortex. Journal of neurophysiology 44 9425194
1995 Contrast coding by cells in the cat's striate cortex: monocular vs. binocular detection. Visual neuroscience 43 7718504
1975 Autonomic nerve stimulation, kallikrein content anc acinar cell granules of the cat's submandibular gland. The Journal of physiology 41 1185669
2007 Moderate seasonality in testis function of domestic cat. Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene 40 17845610
2014 Identification of rickettsiae from wild rats and cat fleas in Malaysia. Medical and veterinary entomology 37 25171613
1985 A dorsolateral spinothalamic pathway in cat. Brain research 37 4005543
2011 Acquisition of Rickettsia felis by cat fleas during feeding. Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) 34 21214386
2017 Proanthocyanidin Characterization and Bioactivity of Extracts from Different Parts of Uncaria tomentosa L. (Cat's Claw). Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 31 28165396
2009 Hyperaldosteronism and hyperprogesteronism in a cat. Journal of feline medicine and surgery 31 19712894
2000 Cyclophosphamide, ara-C and topotecan (CAT) for patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia. Leukemia & lymphoma 31 10784392
2003 Characterization of recombinant cat albumin. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 29 14656357
1996 The vomeronasal organ of the cat. Journal of anatomy 29 8621344
1991 Position of axons in the cat's optic tract in relation to their retinal origin and chiasmatic pathway. The Journal of comparative neurology 28 1712793
2010 Antiapoptotic and Antioxidant Properties of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Cat's Whiskers): Intervention in the Bcl-2-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 27 21234328
1989 Ontogeny of catecholaminergic and cholinergic cell distributions in the cat's retina. The Journal of comparative neurology 27 2572615
1989 Lymphangiosarcoma and haemangiosarcoma in a cat. Journal of comparative pathology 27 2918111
1986 Alpha-mannosidosis in a Persian cat. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 27 3804848
2006 Histiocytic sarcoma in the tarsus of a cat. Veterinary pathology 26 17099163
1993 An analysis of HRP-filled basket cell axons in the cat's cerebellum. I. Morphometry and configuration. Anatomy and embryology 26 8250283
1990 Quantification and Comparison of Cell Properties in Cat's Striate Cortex Determined by Different Types of Stimuli. The European journal of neuroscience 26 12106080
2020 The role of cat eye narrowing movements in cat-human communication. Scientific reports 25 33020542
2005 Nutritional peculiarities and diet palatability in the cat. Veterinary research communications 25 16244923
2021 CrAssphage and its bacterial host in cat feces. Scientific reports 24 33436756
1986 Characterization of cat insulin. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 24 3518635
2020 Ocular complications of cat scratch disease. The British journal of ophthalmology 23 32122915
1987 Fetal loss in the dog and cat. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice 23 3299998
1993 Ganglions and ganglionic neurons in the cat's larynx. Acta oto-laryngologica 22 8517147
1988 Visual adaptation is highly localized in the cat's retina. The Journal of physiology 22 3253443
2014 Human catalase gene polymorphism (CAT C-262T) and risk of male infertility. Andrologia 21 24456074
2013 Cat peptide antigen desensitisation for treating cat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Expert opinion on investigational drugs 21 23964728
2001 Chloramphenicol-sensitive Escherichia coli strain expressing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 21 11709351
1993 Responses of cells in cat's area 17 to random dot patterns: influence of stimulus size. Neuroreport 21 8241453
1989 Bronchoalveolar lavage in the cat: cytological findings. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire 21 2527589
1982 Isolation and partial characterization of prochymosin and chymosin from cat. Biochimica et biophysica acta 21 6810938
1981 Zinc deficiency in the cat. The Journal of nutrition 21 7205404
2020 Cysteine Aminotransferase (CAT): A Pivotal Sponsor in Metabolic Remodeling and an Ally of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase (MST) in Cancer. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20 32882966
1988 Myasthenia gravis in the cat. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 20 3221361
1978 Chronic relapsing polyradiculoneuritis in a cat. Acta neuropathologica 20 636840
1976 Phenazopyridine toxicosis in the cat. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 20 956020
2020 Urinalysis in dog and cat: A review. Veterinary world 19 33281347
2007 Insulinoma in a cat. The Journal of small animal practice 19 17784934
1996 Neuroendocrine cells in the cat laryngeal epithelium. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 19 8737787
1984 Single cell activity in area 18 of the cat's visual cortex during optokinetic nystagmus. Experimental brain research 19 6519220
1981 Comparative study of aminopyridine-induced seizure activities in primary and mirror foci of cat's cortex. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology 19 6169512
2014 Histological and dermatoscopic description of sphynx cat skin. Veterinary dermatology 18 25109701
2012 Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the cat. Topics in companion animal medicine 18 23148851
1995 Latency variability of responses to visual stimuli in cells of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus. Experimental brain research 18 7589320
2019 Proteome of cat semen obtained after urethral catheterization. Theriogenology 17 31518731
2003 Pulmonary carcinosarcoma in a cat. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 17 12661729
1997 Orbital plasmacytoma in a cat. The Journal of small animal practice 17 9444641
1991 Properties of periodontal mechanoreceptors supplying the cat's lower canine at short and long periods after reinnervation. The Journal of physiology 17 1822567
2016 Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw): Chemotype relevance. Journal of ethnopharmacology 16 27180878
2007 Tracheobronchial neuroendocrine carcinoma in a cat. Journal of comparative pathology 16 17822653
2006 Platonin attenuates LPS-induced CAT-2 and CAT-2B induction in stimulated murine macrophages. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 16 16643232
1991 Mucins in cat airway secretions. The Biochemical journal 16 1903925
2024 DLKcat cannot predict meaningful k cat values for mutants and unfamiliar enzymes. Biology methods & protocols 15 39346751
2020 A crustacean annotated transcriptome (CAT) database. BMC genomics 15 31918660
2007 Lymphangiosarcoma in a cat. Journal of comparative pathology 15 17706243
2001 Hypoadrenocorticism in a cat. The Journal of small animal practice 15 11327666
2023 Sensitization patterns to cat molecular allergens in subjects with allergic sensitization to cat dander. Clinical and translational allergy 14 37632243
2023 Clinical enzymology of the dog and cat. Australian veterinary journal 14 37767749
2021 Colloid assembly and transformation (CAT): The relationship of PILP to biomineralization. Journal of structural biology: X 14 35036905
2005 Cortical modulation of neuronal activity in the cat's lateral geniculate and perigeniculate nuclei. Experimental neurology 14 16085016
1992 Chromosome abnormalities and oncogenesis in cat leukemias. Cancer genetics and cytogenetics 14 1336708
1991 A widely distributed "CAT" family of repetitive DNA sequences. Journal of molecular biology 14 2005616
1975 Experimental salivary mucoceles in cat. A histochemical study. Journal of oral pathology 14 817002