Affinage

CARM1

Histone-arginine methyltransferase CARM1 · UniProt Q86X55

Length
608 aa
Mass
65.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 57 papers cited in narrative 57 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 9/9 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CARM1 (PRMT4) is a type I protein arginine methyltransferase that asymmetrically dimethylates arginine residues to control transcription, RNA processing, metabolism, and stress responses, acting most prominently as a chromatin-associated transcriptional coactivator (PMID:15186775, PMID:12498683). On chromatin, it deposits the H3R17me2 and (with lower preference) H3R26 marks through a distributive, random-sequential mechanism, with substrate engagement tuned by prior CBP-mediated H3K18/K23 acetylation and by distal H3 residues (PMID:12498683, PMID:26848779); in concert with PRMT1 and p300 it builds ordered coactivator assemblies on p53- and STAT5-target promoters (PMID:15186775, PMID:18413343). Beyond histones, CARM1 methylates a broad substrate repertoire—defined by a proline-enriched motif and recognized through its N-terminus—including the SWI/SNF subunit BAF155, the Mediator subunit MED12, and numerous transcription factors (RUNX1, Sox2, Sox9, pRb, PPARγ, YY1, Nrf2, NFIB, FoxO3) (PMID:24434208, PMID:30456381, PMID:28537268, PMID:29628309). Methylation of MED12 at R1899 creates a TDRD3-docking beacon that activates ERα enhancers, a step coordinated by JMJD6, while BAF155 methylation either redirects SWI/SNF to oncogenic loci or licenses EZH2-mediated displacement of BAF155 to silence tumor suppressor and DNA-repair genes (PMID:24434208, PMID:29628309, PMID:32004442, PMID:29434212, PMID:32206101). CARM1 governs cell-fate programs through these activities: it sustains ES-cell pluripotency via H3R17/R26 deposition at Oct4/Sox2/Nanog loci, drives myogenic and adipogenic differentiation by enabling myogenin/Brg1 recruitment and PPARγ coactivation, and restrains myeloid differentiation by methylating RUNX1 (PMID:24332853, PMID:18188184, PMID:19544422, PMID:20947566). In RNA metabolism, CARM1 methylates splicing factors (CA150, SAP49, SmB, U1C) and the CTD-automethylation site R551 to couple transcription with alternative splicing, and methylates HuD/HuR and p54nrb to control mRNA stability and nuclear retention of IRAlu-containing transcripts (PMID:17218272, PMID:21138967, PMID:25792598, PMID:16508003). It is also a metabolic regulator, inactivating MDH1, GAPDH, and PKM2 and methylating PPP1CA to reprogram glycolysis and redox balance, and it modulates ferroptosis through Nrf2 and ACSL4 (PMID:27840030, PMID:30232003, PMID:30131339, PMID:37946697, PMID:37649137). CARM1 activity and abundance are tightly controlled: SAM cofactor locking is abolished by Ser217 phosphorylation, which also drives cytoplasmic relocalization, while SCF^SKP2 and SCF^FBXO9 ubiquitin ligases degrade it in a nutrient/stress-dependent manner—stabilization under starvation promoting TFEB-driven autophagy genes (PMID:27309807, PMID:19843527, PMID:34480022). Distinct enzyme-independent functions also exist, including stimulation of PARP1 PARylation at replication forks and non-catalytic suppression of WNT and Notch signaling (PMID:33412112, PMID:24726896, PMID:36659810).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 2002 High

    Established that CARM1 acts within an ordered histone-modification cascade rather than as an isolated enzyme, linking lysine acetylation to arginine methylation on chromatin.

    Evidence In vivo ChIP time-course and in vitro methylation on acetylated H3 peptides at the pS2 promoter

    PMID:12498683

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define how acetyl-reading directs CARM1 across the genome
    • Limited to a single estrogen-responsive promoter
  2. 2004 High

    Defined CARM1 as a cooperative transcriptional coactivator requiring direct factor contact and obligatory histone marks, formalizing its role in activator-driven transcription.

    Evidence Reconstituted chromatin transcription system plus ChIP on the p53-target GADD45 gene

    PMID:15186775

    Open questions at the time
    • Order and necessity established in vitro; in vivo kinetics less resolved
    • Generality across activators beyond p53 untested here
  3. 2007 High

    Extended CARM1 function beyond transcription into pre-mRNA splicing by identifying splicing-factor substrates whose methylation alters interactions and exon usage.

    Evidence Small-pool substrate screen, in vitro methylation, co-IP, and CD44 splicing reporter

    PMID:17218272

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration of splicing change on endogenous transcripts genome-wide lacking
    • Coupling to transcription not yet mechanistically linked
  4. 2009 High

    Resolved the structural basis of catalytic regulation, showing Ser217 phosphorylation disrupts SAM locking and shifts CARM1 to the cytoplasm during mitosis.

    Evidence Crystal structure, in vitro activity assays, phosphomimetic mutants, and fractionation

    PMID:19843527

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase responsible for S217 in physiological contexts not identified here
    • Functional consequence of cytoplasmic pool undefined at the time
  5. 2010 High

    Identified automethylation at R551 in the CTD as a regulatory mark that couples CARM1's transcription and splicing activities without altering core catalysis.

    Evidence Top-down MS, R551K mutagenesis, transcription and splicing reporter assays

    PMID:21138967

    Open questions at the time
    • The reader/effector of automethylated R551 not identified
    • Physiological signals triggering automethylation unknown
  6. 2010 High

    Showed CARM1 enzymatic activity can be switched on by signaling, with PKA phosphorylation enabling ligand-independent ERα activation relevant to endocrine resistance.

    Evidence Kinase and phosphorylation assays, ERα-HBD binding, and reporter assays

    PMID:20360387

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the phosphorylated serine not pinpointed
    • Direct contribution to clinical tamoxifen resistance correlative
  7. 2014 High

    Defined a chromatin-remodeling axis in which CARM1 methylation of BAF155 redirects SWI/SNF and promotes breast cancer metastasis.

    Evidence ZFN KO cell lines, MS substrate mapping, ChIP-seq, and migration/invasion assays

    PMID:24434208

    Open questions at the time
    • How methyl-BAF155 is read to relocate SWI/SNF not fully defined
    • Specificity for c-Myc loci versus broader genome unresolved
  8. 2016 High

    Connected CARM1 to nutrient sensing and autophagy by showing SCF^SKP2 degrades it under nutrient-rich conditions while starvation stabilizes it to coactivate TFEB-driven lysosomal/autophagy genes.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, co-IP, ubiquitination assays, and AMPK/FOXO3a pathway manipulation

    PMID:27309807

    Open questions at the time
    • Degron recognized by SKP2 not mapped here
    • Direct CARM1 substrates within autophagy program beyond histones unclear
  9. 2016 High

    Opened a metabolic dimension by showing CARM1 methylates metabolic enzymes to inhibit activity, exemplified by MDH1 R248 methylation suppressing glutamine metabolism.

    Evidence In vitro methylation, mutagenesis, 13C-tracing, and rescue experiments with PDAC samples

    PMID:27840030

    Open questions at the time
    • Subcellular site of MDH1 methylation not defined
    • Whether nuclear or cytoplasmic CARM1 pool performs this unresolved
  10. 2018 High

    Generalized CARM1's substrate landscape, cataloguing >130 substrates and defining N-terminus-dependent, proline-motif substrate recognition.

    Evidence SILAC quantitative MS with in vitro validation and N-terminal deletion mutagenesis

    PMID:28537268

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence for most substrates unannotated
    • In vivo physiological relevance of many sites untested
  11. 2018 High

    Solidified the metabolic-regulator role with multiple enzyme substrates (GAPDH R234, PKM2 R445/R447) whose methylation reprograms glycolysis and serine synthesis.

    Evidence In vitro methylation, methyl-mimetic mutants, metabolic flux tracing, and oligomerization assays

    PMID:30131339 PMID:30232003

    Open questions at the time
    • Cross-talk among co-regulated metabolic substrates not integrated
    • Tissue-specificity of these methylation events unclear
  12. 2018 High

    Defined the MED12 methylation–TDRD3 reader module and its JMJD6 dependence as the mechanism by which CARM1 activates ERα enhancers and Pol II pause release.

    Evidence Substrate-motif IP-MS, in vitro methylation, ChIP-seq, and co-IP

    PMID:29628309 PMID:30456381 PMID:32206101

    Open questions at the time
    • How JMJD6 enables CARM1-MED12 contact mechanistically unclear
    • Generality beyond ERα enhancers untested
  13. 2018 High

    Revealed a methyltransferase-independent BAF155–EZH2 axis through which CARM1 silences MAD2L2 and tumor suppressors, creating therapeutic vulnerability to EZH2 inhibition.

    Evidence ChIP, co-IP, in vitro methylation, KO/OE cell lines, and xenograft/PDX models

    PMID:29434212 PMID:32004442

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of EZH2 recruitment to methyl-BAF155 loci not fully defined
    • Determinants of locus selectivity unresolved
  14. 2021 High

    Demonstrated a catalysis-independent role at replication forks, where CARM1 stimulates PARP1 PARylation with HPF1 to slow forks and promote fork reversal.

    Evidence iPOND, co-IP, in vitro PARP1 activity assay, and DNA fiber assays

    PMID:33412112

    Open questions at the time
    • How CARM1 is recruited to forks unknown
    • Relationship between this role and its methyltransferase functions unclear
  15. 2021 High

    Identified a second degradation route via SCF^FBXO9 phosphodegron-mediated ubiquitination at K228, linking CARM1 turnover to endotoxin-driven epithelial cell death.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assays, K228 mutagenesis, and in vivo lung injury model

    PMID:34480022

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase generating the FBXO9 phosphodegron not identified
    • Interplay with the SKP2 pathway not reconciled
  16. 2024 High

    Established a cytoplasmic CARM1 program in senescence, where p38γ-mediated S595 phosphorylation relocalizes CARM1 to methylate DRP1, driving mitochondrial fission and a ROS feedback loop.

    Evidence p38γ kinase assay, fractionation, in vitro DRP1 methylation, and mitochondrial/ROS imaging

    PMID:38838552 PMID:39265499

    Open questions at the time
    • How cytoplasmic versus nuclear substrate selection is governed unclear
    • Generalizability beyond senescence models untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CARM1 partitions among its many roles—nuclear coactivation, splicing, metabolic enzyme regulation, replication-fork PARylation, and cytoplasmic mitochondrial fission—and which signals route the same enzyme to distinct substrate pools in a given cell remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking localization signals to substrate choice
  • Reader proteins for most methyl marks unidentified
  • Relative in vivo contribution of catalytic versus non-catalytic functions unquantified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 12 GO:0016740 transferase activity 7 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 7 GO:0003723 RNA binding 3 GO:0042393 histone binding 3
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 4 GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 2 GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 8 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 7 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 6 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 4 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 3 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 2
Partners
BAF155JMJD6MED12P300P54NRBPARP1PRMT1TDRD3
Complex memberships
Mediator complexSWI/SNF (BAF)paraspeckle

Evidence

Reading pass · 57 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 CARM1 functions as a transcriptional coactivator for p53 in an ordered, cooperative manner with PRMT1 and p300 on chromatin templates, requiring direct interactions with p53 and obligatory histone modifications (H3R17me2 and H4R3me2). ChIP confirmed ordered accumulation of these coactivators and histone marks on the GADD45 gene after p53 activation. Reconstituted chromatin transcription system with recombinant proteins, ChIP analysis Cell High 15186775
2002 CARM1 methylates histone H3R17 in an ordered fashion downstream of CBP-mediated acetylation of H3K18 and H3K23 at the estrogen-responsive pS2 promoter. Acetylation at K18/K23, but not K14, tethers recombinant CARM1 to the H3 tail and enhances its methyltransferase activity, revealing crosstalk between lysine acetylation and arginine methylation. ChIP time-course in vivo, in vitro methyltransferase assay with acetylated H3 tail peptides, exogenous CBP overexpression Current biology : CB High 12498683
2007 CARM1 methylates splicing factors CA150, SAP49, SmB, and U1C. CARM1-dependent methylation of CA150 promotes its interaction with the Tudor domain of SMN, and CARM1 promotes exon skipping in a methyltransferase-dependent manner, linking CARM1 to the regulation of alternative splicing. Small-pool substrate screen, in vitro methylation assay, co-IP, splicing reporter assay with endogenous CD44 gene Molecular cell High 17218272
2016 CARM1 stability is regulated by SKP2-containing SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase in the nucleus under nutrient-rich conditions. Upon nutrient starvation, AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of FOXO3a represses SKP2 transcription, stabilizing CARM1 protein, which then increases H3R17 dimethylation and acts as transcriptional co-activator for autophagy-related and lysosomal genes via TFEB. Genome-wide analysis (ChIP-seq, RNA-seq), co-IP, AMPK inhibitor/activator treatment, FOXO3a phosphorylation assays, ubiquitination assays Nature High 27309807
2014 CARM1 methylates the SWI/SNF core subunit BAF155 at R1064. Methylated BAF155 is directed to unique chromatin regions (including c-Myc pathway genes) and promotes breast cancer cell migration and metastasis. Zinc-finger nuclease CARM1 KO cell lines, mass spectrometry substrate identification, ChIP-seq, migration/invasion assays Cancer cell High 24434208
2016 CARM1 (PRMT4) methylates malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) at arginine 248 (R248), inhibiting MDH1 activity by disrupting its dimerization. This suppresses glutamine metabolism and NADPH production, and hypomethylation of MDH1 R248 is observed in clinical PDAC samples. In vitro methylation assay, mutagenesis, 13C-metabolic tracing, cell proliferation/clonogenic assays, re-expression rescue experiments Molecular cell High 27840030
2018 CARM1 methylates GAPDH at arginine 234 (R234), inhibiting its catalytic activity and suppressing glycolysis in liver cancer cells. Glucose starvation upregulates CARM1, further inducing R234 hypermethylation. Re-expression of WT GAPDH, but not methylation-mimetic mutant, restores glycolytic levels. In vitro methylation assay, mutagenesis (methylation-mimetic mutant), glycolytic flux measurements, tumor xenograft, clinical sample analysis Cell reports High 30232003
2009 CARM1 enzymatic activity is regulated by phosphorylation at Ser217, which disrupts the hydrogen bond between S217 and Y154 required to lock SAM in the cofactor-binding cavity, abolishing methyltransferase activity. Phosphorylation at S217 also promotes cytoplasmic localization of CARM1, particularly during mitosis. Crystal structure analysis, in vitro methyltransferase assay, phosphomimetic/phospho-deficient mutagenesis, subcellular fractionation The Journal of biological chemistry High 19843527
2011 Crystal structures of the CARM1 catalytic domain in complex with cofactors (SAH or sinefungin) and inhibitors reveal that inhibitors bind in the arginine-binding cavity at the interface between N- and C-terminal domains, and binding requires cofactor SAH. Sequence differences near the active site (including residues interacting with inhibitors) account for CARM1 selectivity over PRMT1 and PRMT3. X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) The Biochemical journal High 21410432
2010 CARM1 undergoes automethylation at R551 in its C-terminal domain (CTD), proceeding via an intramolecular mechanism. Mutation of R551 does not affect enzymatic activity but impairs CARM1-activated transcription and pre-mRNA splicing, demonstrating that automethylation of the CTD couples transcription and splicing. Top-down mass spectrometry, in vitro/in vivo methylation assay, R551K mutagenesis, transcription and splicing reporter assays Nucleic acids research High 21138967
2015 CARM1 methylates p54nrb at its coiled-coil domain, reducing p54nrb binding to mRNAs containing inverted repeated Alu elements (IRAlus), and CARM1 also transcriptionally suppresses NEAT1 expression to reduce paraspeckle formation. Both actions attenuate nuclear retention of IRAlu-containing mRNAs, particularly under cellular stress. In vitro methylation assay, RNA-immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR, siRNA knockdown, overexpression studies Genes & development High 25792598
2013 PRMT4 (CARM1) methylates RUNX1, triggering assembly of a multiprotein repressor complex including DPF2, which represses miR-223 expression. This repression blocks myeloid differentiation of human stem/progenitor cells, and PRMT4 expression is itself posttranscriptionally repressed by miR-223, forming a feedback loop. In vitro methylation, co-IP, ChIP, knockdown/overexpression in HSPCs, in vivo xenograft Cell reports High 24332853
2009 CARM1 methylates Sox9 at its HMG domain in vitro and in vivo. R-methylation of Sox9 by CARM1 disrupts Sox9 interaction with β-catenin, thereby regulating Cyclin D1 expression and cell cycle progression in chondrocytes. In vitro methylation assay, co-IP, CARM1 KO and transgenic mouse models, cell cycle analysis BMC developmental biology High 19725955
2018 CARM1 accumulates in nuclear paraspeckles at the 2- to 4-cell stage in mouse embryos and methylates H3R26. The paraspeckle component NEAT1 and its partner p54nrb are required for CARM1's association with paraspeckles and for H3R26 methylation. Conversely, CARM1 influences paraspeckle organization. Live imaging, immunofluorescence, NEAT1/p54nrb depletion, H3R26me2 ChIP, mouse embryo model Cell High 30550788
2006 CARM1 methylates RNA-binding protein HuD in vitro and in vivo, and co-localizes with HuD in the cytoplasm. CARM1-mediated methylation of HuD reduces its binding to p21cip1/waf1 mRNA, destabilizing this mRNA. CARM1 knockdown elongates p21cip1/waf1 mRNA half-life, slows proliferation, and promotes neuritogenesis. In vitro methylation assay, co-localization (immunofluorescence), RIP (RNA-immunoprecipitation), mRNA stability assay, siRNA knockdown Molecular and cellular biology High 16508003
2010 PKA phosphorylates CARM1 at a single serine residue, which is necessary and sufficient for CARM1 to directly bind the unliganded hormone-binding domain (HBD) of ERα, enabling cAMP-dependent ligand-independent activation of ERα transcription. Sustained PKA activity may contribute to tamoxifen resistance. Co-IP, phosphorylation assays, kinase assays with PKA, reporter gene assays, mutagenesis Genes & development High 20360387
2021 CARM1 associates with replication forks and reduces fork speed independently of its methyltransferase activity. CARM1 directly interacts with PARP1 and stimulates PARylation at replication forks by enhancing PARP1 DNA binding, acting jointly with HPF1. Loss of CARM1 reduces fork reversal and increases ssDNA gaps but increases tolerance of replication stress. iPOND (isolation of proteins on nascent DNA), co-IP, in vitro PARP1 activity assay, DNA fiber assay, siRNA knockdown Molecular cell High 33412112
2018 CARM1 methylates MED12 at arginine 1899 (R1899). Methylated MED12 at R1899 recruits the Tudor domain-containing effector TDRD3, and this methylation is required for MED12 to interact with activating noncoding RNAs. CARM1 and the H3R17me2 mark are enriched at ERα-specific enhancers and positively modulate estrogen-regulated gene expression. CARM1 substrate motif antibody immunoprecipitation with MS, in vitro methylation, ChIP-seq, co-IP Life science alliance High 30456381
2017 Quantitative mass spectrometry globally identified >130 CARM1 substrates in breast cancer cells, with >90% validated in vitro. Bioinformatics revealed enrichment of proline-containing motifs at methylation sites. The N-terminus of CARM1 is critical for substrate recognition and is nearly indispensable for substrate methylation. Quantitative mass spectrometry (SILAC-based), in vitro methylation validation, N-terminal deletion mutagenesis Nature communications High 28537268
2016 CARM1 preferentially methylates H3R17 over H3R26 via a random sequential kinetic mechanism. CARM1-dependent methylation is distributive, and distal residues (C-terminal) of the H3 peptide contribute to substrate binding affinity. Radiometric in vitro methylation assay, SAMDI-MS kinetic analysis, dead-end and product inhibition studies Biochemistry High 26848779
2015 Crystal structures of human CARM1 with sinefungin and peptide substrates from histone H3 and PABP1 (both unmethylated and monomethylated) reveal a core binding mode for the arginine substrate. The CARM1 binding site accommodates diverse peptide sequences while maintaining consistent hydrogen bonding patterns. X-ray crystallography (multiple ternary structures) ACS chemical biology High 26551522
2018 CARM1 methylates the p300 acetyltransferase, negatively regulating the p300•ACT•CREMτ complex in spermatids. High nuclear CARM1 levels inhibit p300-dependent transcription during late spermiogenesis, and germline-specific CARM1 KO leads to low sperm count and deformed sperm heads. Germline-specific conditional KO mouse, RNA-seq, co-IP, in vitro methylation assay Nucleic acids research High 29659998
2018 JMJD6 interacts with MED12 in the mediator complex and is necessary for MED12 to interact with CARM1, which then methylates MED12 at multiple arginine sites. This JMJD6-CARM1-MED12 axis regulates RNA Pol II recruitment to ERα-bound active enhancers and transcriptional pause release. Co-IP, in vitro methylation, ChIP-seq, siRNA knockdown Molecular cell High 29628309
2013 CARM1 automethylation is controlled by alternative splicing that removes exon 15 (which contains R551, the automethylation site), producing CARM1ΔE15. CARM1FL and CARM1ΔE15 have overlapping but distinct properties in transcription and splicing, and show differential distribution in epithelial vs. stromal cells of mouse mammary gland. Alternative splicing analysis, in vitro methylation assay, transcription and splicing reporter assays, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry Nucleic acids research Medium 23723242
2018 PRMT4/CARM1 methylates PPARγ to act as a coactivator for adipocyte differentiation. CARM1 KO embryos show reduced brown fat and severely curtailed capacity to differentiate into mature adipocytes. ChIP confirmed CARM1 coactivation of PPARγ-mediated transcription. CARM1 KO mouse analysis, transcriptome profiling (cDNA microarray, SAGE), ChIP, reporter assays EMBO reports High 18188184
2009 CARM1 is required for self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. In ES cells, CARM1 associates with Oct4/Sox2 promoters and deposits H3R17/R26 methylation. CARM1 overexpression elevates Nanog expression by adding H3 arginine methylation at the Nanog promoter. siRNA knockdown of CARM1 in ES cells, ChIP, reporter assays, transcriptome analysis Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) High 19544422
2011 CARM1 methylates Sox2 at arginine 113 (R113), which enhances Sox2 self-association and facilitates Sox2-mediated transactivation. Co-IP, in vitro methylation assay, mutagenesis (R113 site), reporter gene assay PloS one Medium 22046437
2013 CARM1 methylates HuR, and this methylation is required for HuR-dependent regulation of mRNA stability (cyclin A, cyclin B1, c-fos, SIRT1, p16). Specifically, CARM1-mediated methylation of HuR enhances its association with the 3'UTR of p16 mRNA. In senescent cells, reduced CARM1 is accompanied by reduced HuR methylation and impaired mRNA regulatory function. siRNA knockdown, R217K HuR mutagenesis, RIP (mRNA binding assay), mRNA stability assay BMC molecular biology Medium 23837869
2005 A specific CARM1 isoform (CARM1-v3), generated by intron retention lacking the C-terminal domain, associates with U1C (a U1 snRNP protein) and promotes 5' splice site selection and exon skipping in a v3-specific sequence-dependent manner. Co-IP, alternative splicing reporter assays (E1A minigene, CD44), mutagenesis of v3-specific sequences, RT-PCR The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 15944154
2014 PRMT4 (CARM1) methylates pRb at R775, R787, and R798 in vitro and R787 in vivo. Arginine methylation promotes pRb C-terminal domain phosphorylation and disrupts E2F-1/DP1-pRb complex formation, impairing pRb tumor suppressor function during G1-S cell cycle control. In vitro methylation assay, in vivo methylation, co-IP for E2F-1/pRb complex, methylmimetic mutagenesis (R3F), reporter assay Molecular and cellular biology High 25348716
2010 PRMT4/CARM1 directly binds to upstream regulatory regions of myogenic microRNA genes and deposits H3R17me2, which is required for myogenin and Brg1 (SWI/SNF) recruitment. Without PRMT4, MyoD binding is preserved but myogenin and Brg1 binding is prevented, blocking myogenic microRNA induction. ChIP, siRNA knockdown, MyoD/myogenin expression analysis, ectopic myogenin expression rescue Nucleic acids research High 20947566
2013 PRMT4 interacts with chromatin remodeller Mi2α/β and cooperatively coactivates c-Myb target gene expression in haematopoietic cells. This coactivation requires both PRMT4's methyltransferase activity and Mi2's ATPase activity. ChIP confirmed PRMT4 and Mi2 occupancy at c-Myb target gene loci. Co-IP, ChIP, siRNA knockdown, methyltransferase-dead/ATPase-dead mutagenesis, reporter assay PLoS genetics High 23505388
2018 CARM1 methylates BAF155, leading to displacement of BAF155 by EZH2 at MAD2L2 promoter, silencing MAD2L2. EZH2 inhibition upregulates MAD2L2, decreasing DNA end resection and increasing NHEJ, which causes mitotic catastrophe in PARP inhibitor-treated HR-proficient cells in a CARM1-dependent manner. ChIP, co-IP, siRNA knockdown, in vitro methylation, xenograft models, patient-derived xenografts Cancer cell High 32004442
2018 CARM1 promotes EZH2-mediated silencing of tumor suppressor genes by methylating BAF155, causing displacement of BAF155 by EZH2 at these loci. This renders CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer selectively sensitive to EZH2 inhibition. ChIP, co-IP, in vitro methylation, CARM1 KO/OE cell lines, xenograft models Nature communications High 29434212
2020 A hypermethylation strategy by CARM1 on MED12 (on a cluster of arginine residues) serves as a molecular beacon for recruiting TDRD3 to CARM1-bound active enhancers, thereby activating estrogen/ERα-target genes in breast cancer. SILAC-based quantitative MS, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, co-IP, in vitro methylation Theranostics High 32206101
2018 CARM1 methylates AMPK, and CARM1 interacts with AMPK and its network (including FOXO1) during skeletal muscle disuse. CARM1 methyltransferase activity regulates AMPK-dependent phosphorylation targets including ULK1 and ACC, impacting autophagic and atrophic processes in skeletal muscle. CARM1 skeletal muscle-specific KO mice, co-IP, direct methylation assay, phosphorylation analysis iScience Medium 33241200
2018 CARM1 interacts with FoxO3 and asymmetrically dimethylates it, which is required for FoxO3-dependent transcription of atrophy genes (Atrogin-1, MuRF1) in skeletal muscle. CARM1 knockdown represses muscle wasting, and a methyltransferase inhibitor also restrains atrophy gene expression. Co-IP, in vitro methylation assay, siRNA knockdown, methyltransferase inhibitor treatment, in vivo denervation model Experimental cell research Medium 30500392
2018 CARM1 methylates PKM2 at R445 and R447, which enhances PKM2 tetramer formation and activity, thereby suppressing glucose flux toward de novo serine synthesis. CARM1 KO cells exhibit elevated serine synthesis and survival advantages under serine limitation. In vitro methylation assay, mutagenesis (R445/R447), 13C-glucose tracing, oligomerization assay, clonogenic assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 30131339
2022 PRMT4 (CARM1) methylates Nrf2, restricting its nuclear translocation and suppressing GPX4 transcription. This promotes ferroptosis in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Co-IP confirmed PRMT4-Nrf2 interaction. Co-IP, in vitro methylation, nuclear fractionation, overexpression/KO in cardiomyocytes, in vivo mouse model Cell death and differentiation Medium 35383293
2022 CARM1 methylates ASXL2 at R639/R641, which blocks ASXL2 interaction with MLL3/COMPASS, thereby impairing MLL3-dependent enhancer activation and tumor suppressor gene expression. This identifies a transcriptional repressive function for CARM1 via disrupting the BAP1-MLL3 axis. Co-IP, in vitro methylation assay, mutagenesis, ChIP-seq, gene expression analysis Science advances High 36197977
2023 CARM1 methylates ACSL4 at arginine 339 (R339), which promotes RNF25 binding to ACSL4 and its subsequent ubiquitylation, thereby reducing ACSL4 levels and conferring resistance to ferroptosis in colorectal cancer. In vitro methylation assay, mutagenesis, co-IP, ubiquitination assay, ferroptosis assays in vitro and in vivo Advanced science High 37946697
2022 PRMT4 (CARM1) methylates PPP1CA at R23, which affects dephosphorylation of AKT-T450 and AMPK-T172, increasing activities of glycolytic enzymes PFK-1 and PFKFB3, and reprogramming glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In vitro methylation assay, CARM1 KO (CRISPR/Cas9), metabolomics, transcriptomics, osteogenic differentiation assays Clinical and translational medicine Medium 37649137
2023 CARM1 methylates PPARγ at R240, which enhances its interaction with the coactivator PRDM16, leading to increased expression of thermogenic genes and promoting white adipose tissue browning. In vitro methylation assay, co-IP, overexpression in inguinal adipose tissue, gene expression analysis Diabetes Medium 37216643
2020 Genetic evidence from CARM1/PRMT6 double-KO mice shows that PRMT6 can deposit the H3R17me2a mark (normally attributed to CARM1) in vitro, and double KO MEFs display absence of H3R17me2a during mitosis and increased DNA damage markers, demonstrating partial functional redundancy. Double KO mouse model, H3R17me2a ChIP, in vitro methylation assay, DNA damage markers The Journal of biological chemistry High 33008887
2024 CARM1 methylates DRP1 at R403 and R634. Methylated DRP1 interacts with mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) and forms self-assemblies on the outer mitochondrial membrane, triggering mitochondrial fission, reducing oxygen consumption, and increasing ROS. ROS activates p38γ MAPK which phosphorylates CARM1 at S595, promoting its translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm, establishing a positive feedback loop leading to cellular senescence. In vitro methylation assay, co-IP, subcellular fractionation, mitochondrial morphology imaging, ROS measurement, siRNA knockdown, p38γ kinase assay Redox biology High 38838552
2024 p38γ MAPK phosphorylates CARM1 at S595 under oxidative stress, facilitating CARM1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic CARM1 methylates DRP1 and enhances mitochondrial fission, creating a ROS-CARM1-DRP1 positive feedback loop that promotes cellular senescence. Kinase assay (p38γ), subcellular fractionation, DRP1 methylation assay, mitochondrial dynamics imaging, senescence assays Redox biology High 39265499
2021 CARM1 directly interacts with XBP1s during ER stress response and regulates XBP1s target gene expression. CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer cells are selectively sensitive to IRE1α/XBP1s pathway inhibition. Co-IP, ChIP, siRNA knockdown, xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models Nature communications Medium 34493732
2014 CARM1-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation is regulated in podocytes: high-glucose treatment induces ubiquitination of CARM1, decreasing its levels. CARM1 non-enzymatically suppresses Notch1 signaling via a CARM1-AMPKα-Notch1-CB1R axis. Enzymatic activity of CARM1 (E266) is NOT necessary for this pathway. Transfection rescue, siRNA, Western blotting, Notch reporter assay, enzymatic dead mutant (E266A) Cellular signalling Medium 24726896
2023 CARM1 and transcription factor NFIB interact biochemically; TRIM29 is an effector molecule for methylated NFIB. In a SCLC mouse model, both CARM1 and the CARM1 methylation site on NFIB are critical for rapid onset of SCLC, and CARM1/methylated-NFIB maintain similar open chromatin states in tumors. Co-IP (CARM1-NFIB, TRIM29-methylated NFIB), in vitro methylation assay, SCLC mouse model, ATAC-seq Nature communications High 36690626
2021 SCFFBXO9 E3 ubiquitin ligase interacts with PRMT4/CARM1 via a phosphodegron and ubiquitinates CARM1 at K228, targeting it for proteasomal degradation. Bacterial endotoxin reduces SCFFBXO9 levels, stabilizing PRMT4 and promoting caspase 3-mediated lung epithelial cell death. Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, site-directed mutagenesis (K228), siRNA knockdown, in vivo lung injury model Cell death & disease High 34480022
2013 Double knockdown of CARM1 and PRMT1 (but not either alone) causes widespread deregulation of gene expression including CITED2. CARM1 and PRMT1 cooperate as coactivators of STAT5-dependent CITED2 transcription; cytokine induces association of STAT5 with both PRMTs, and their interaction with STAT5 is cytokine-dependent. siRNA double knockdown, cDNA microarray, ChIP, reporter assay, co-IP Nucleic acids research Medium 18413343
2021 Nup54 interacts with CARM1 and promotes its nuclear import. In the nucleus, CARM1 cooperates with TFEB to activate Notch2 transcription via H3R17me2 at the Notch2 promoter. CARM1 also methylates the Notch2 intracellular domain (N2ICD) at R1786, R1838, and R2047, enhancing N2ICD binding to MAML1 and promoting gastric cancer cell proliferation. Co-IP (Nup54-CARM1), in vitro methylation assay (N2ICD), ChIP, nuclear fractionation, in vitro/in vivo proliferation assays Oncogene Medium 34725461
2019 CARM1 acts as a coactivator of YY1-mediated gene transcription; CARM1 methylates YY1 on arginine residues, enhancing YY1 transactivation. YY1 reciprocally binds and activates the CARM1 promoter, forming a positive feedback loop in oral cancer. Co-IP, in vitro methylation assay, reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, xenograft Oncotarget Medium 31217904
2019 TRIM28 directly interacts with CARM1 and protects it from proteasome-mediated degradation. This TRIM28-CARM1 interaction suppresses WNT/β-catenin signaling and colorectal cancer metastasis in a CARM1-dependent but methyltransferase-independent manner. Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, methyltransferase-dead mutagenesis, siRNA, in vitro/in vivo migration and invasion assays Science bulletin Medium 36659810
2015 PRMT1 and PRMT4/CARM1 are recruited to the antioxidant response element (ARE) of ferritin genes in response to arsenic, where they methylate H4R3 and H3R17, respectively. PRMT1 or PRMT4 knockdown reduces Nrf2 binding to AREs (by ~40%) without blocking Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, thus impairing ferritin transcription. ChIP, siRNA knockdown, reporter assay, nuclear fractionation, caspase 3 assay FASEB journal Medium 23699174
2020 Bisubstrate inhibitor crystallography identifies Asn-265 in CARM1 (vs. Tyr-160 in PRMT1) as a residue near the active site that affects the side-chain conformation of a catalytically important neighboring glutamate. Mutagenesis confirmed its contribution to differential inhibitor binding between CARM1 and PRMT1. X-ray crystallography (7 inhibitor-bound structures), ITC, activity assays, mutagenesis The Biochemical journal High 32011657
2018 TP-064 is a potent, selective PRMT4/CARM1 inhibitor (IC50 < 10 nM) that inhibits methylation of BAF155 and MED12. Co-crystal structure with PRMT4 was solved. TP-064 arrests multiple myeloma cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle. In vitro methyltransferase assay, co-crystal structure (X-ray), cell proliferation and cell cycle analysis Oncotarget High 29719619

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2004 Ordered cooperative functions of PRMT1, p300, and CARM1 in transcriptional activation by p53. Cell 417 15186775
2016 AMPK-SKP2-CARM1 signalling cascade in transcriptional regulation of autophagy. Nature 383 27309807
2007 The arginine methyltransferase CARM1 regulates the coupling of transcription and mRNA processing. Molecular cell 323 17218272
2022 PRMT4 promotes ferroptosis to aggravate doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy via inhibition of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway. Cell death and differentiation 264 35383293
2002 Crosstalk between CARM1 methylation and CBP acetylation on histone H3. Current biology : CB 232 12498683
2014 CARM1 methylates chromatin remodeling factor BAF155 to enhance tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer cell 203 24434208
2016 Arginine Methylation of MDH1 by CARM1 Inhibits Glutamine Metabolism and Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer. Molecular cell 176 27840030
2008 CARM1 regulates estrogen-stimulated breast cancer growth through up-regulation of E2F1. Cancer research 167 18172323
2018 CARM1 Methylates GAPDH to Regulate Glucose Metabolism and Is Suppressed in Liver Cancer. Cell reports 127 30232003
2020 EZH2 Inhibition Sensitizes CARM1-High, Homologous Recombination Proficient Ovarian Cancers to PARP Inhibition. Cancer cell 115 32004442
2017 Global mapping of CARM1 substrates defines enzyme specificity and substrate recognition. Nature communications 114 28537268
2006 Involvement of arginine methyltransferase CARM1 in androgen receptor function and prostate cancer cell viability. The Prostate 114 16705743
2018 CARM1 and Paraspeckles Regulate Pre-implantation Mouse Embryo Development. Cell 113 30550788
2008 CARM1 promotes adipocyte differentiation by coactivating PPARgamma. EMBO reports 113 18188184
2010 Differential CARM1 expression in prostate and colorectal cancers. BMC cancer 110 20462455
2018 TP-064, a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of PRMT4 for multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 109 29719619
2022 The circular RNA circHMGB2 drives immunosuppression and anti-PD-1 resistance in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas via the miR-181a-5p/CARM1 axis. Molecular cancer 108 35525959
2006 CARM1 regulates proliferation of PC12 cells by methylating HuD. Molecular and cellular biology 108 16508003
2009 CARM1 is required in embryonic stem cells to maintain pluripotency and resist differentiation. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 102 19544422
2021 CARM1 regulates replication fork speed and stress response by stimulating PARP1. Molecular cell 90 33412112
2015 Protein arginine methyltransferase CARM1 attenuates the paraspeckle-mediated nuclear retention of mRNAs containing IRAlus. Genes & development 89 25792598
2013 PRMT4 blocks myeloid differentiation by assembling a methyl-RUNX1-dependent repressor complex. Cell reports 87 24332853
2021 CARM1 Inhibition Enables Immunotherapy of Resistant Tumors by Dual Action on Tumor Cells and T Cells. Cancer discovery 85 33707234
2021 CARM1/PRMT4: Making Its Mark beyond Its Function as a Transcriptional Coactivator. Trends in cell biology 84 33485722
2018 CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer depends on the histone methyltransferase EZH2 activity. Nature communications 84 29434212
2010 CARM1 mediates the ligand-independent and tamoxifen-resistant activation of the estrogen receptor alpha by cAMP. Genes & development 82 20360387
2005 Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1, CARM1, affects pre-mRNA splicing in an isoform-specific manner. The Journal of biological chemistry 81 15944154
2011 Structural basis for CARM1 inhibition by indole and pyrazole inhibitors. The Biochemical journal 80 21410432
2010 Automethylation of CARM1 allows coupling of transcription and mRNA splicing. Nucleic acids research 79 21138967
2018 JMJD6 Licenses ERα-Dependent Enhancer and Coding Gene Activation by Modulating the Recruitment of the CARM1/MED12 Co-activator Complex. Molecular cell 75 29628309
2018 Long Non-coding RNA PVT1 Competitively Binds MicroRNA-424-5p to Regulate CARM1 in Radiosensitivity of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 74 30861415
2010 CARM1 is required for proper control of proliferation and differentiation of pulmonary epithelial cells. Development (Cambridge, England) 70 20530543
2008 The protein arginine methyltransferases CARM1 and PRMT1 cooperate in gene regulation. Nucleic acids research 68 18413343
2009 Biochemical control of CARM1 enzymatic activity by phosphorylation. The Journal of biological chemistry 67 19843527
2013 CARM1 and PRMT1 are dysregulated in lung cancer without hierarchical features. Biochimie 64 24211191
2014 Ubiquitination-dependent CARM1 degradation facilitates Notch1-mediated podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Cellular signalling 59 24726896
2018 CARM1 Is Essential for Myeloid Leukemogenesis but Dispensable for Normal Hematopoiesis. Cancer cell 56 29894694
2009 Arginine methyltransferase CARM1/PRMT4 regulates endochondral ossification. BMC developmental biology 54 19725955
2013 PELP1 oncogenic functions involve CARM1 regulation. Carcinogenesis 52 23486015
2019 A chemical probe of CARM1 alters epigenetic plasticity against breast cancer cell invasion. eLife 49 31657716
2011 CARM1 mediates modulation of Sox2. PloS one 49 22046437
2023 Arginine methylation of PPP1CA by CARM1 regulates glucose metabolism and affects osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastic differentiation. Clinical and translational medicine 46 37649137
2020 A hypermethylation strategy utilized by enhancer-bound CARM1 to promote estrogen receptor α-dependent transcriptional activation and breast carcinogenesis. Theranostics 45 32206101
2013 MicroRNA-181 regulates CARM1 and histone arginine methylation to promote differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. PloS one 45 23301034
2013 Loss of CARM1 is linked to reduced HuR function in replicative senescence. BMC molecular biology 45 23837869
2021 Targeting the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway suppresses CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer. Nature communications 43 34493732
2018 CARM1 methylates MED12 to regulate its RNA-binding ability. Life science alliance 43 30456381
2017 Nuclear AMPK regulated CARM1 stabilization impacts autophagy in aged heart. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 43 28315332
2013 Transcriptional regulation of the human ferritin gene by coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1 and PRMT4. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 43 23699174
2023 Inhibition of CARM1-Mediated Methylation of ACSL4 Promotes Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 42 37946697
2016 CARM1 Preferentially Methylates H3R17 over H3R26 through a Random Kinetic Mechanism. Biochemistry 42 26848779
2015 PRMT1 and PRMT4 Regulate Oxidative Stress-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Damage in SIRT1-Dependent and SIRT1-Independent Manners. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 42 26583059
2020 Calycosin inhibited autophagy and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating AMPK/SKP2/CARM1 signalling pathway. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 40 32910538
2020 CARM1 inhibition reduces histone acetyltransferase activity causing synthetic lethality in CREBBP/EP300-mutated lymphomas. Leukemia 38 32576962
2020 Genetic evidence for partial redundancy between the arginine methyltransferases CARM1 and PRMT6. The Journal of biological chemistry 38 33008887
2018 The arginine methyltransferase CARM1 represses p300•ACT•CREMτ activity and is required for spermiogenesis. Nucleic acids research 38 29659998
2011 The methyltransferases PRMT4/CARM1 and PRMT5 control differentially myogenesis in zebrafish. PloS one 37 22016767
2015 Structural Insights into Ternary Complex Formation of Human CARM1 with Various Substrates. ACS chemical biology 35 26551522
2023 The NFIB/CARM1 partnership is a driver in preclinical models of small cell lung cancer. Nature communications 34 36690626
2010 The expression of myogenic microRNAs indirectly requires protein arginine methyltransferase (Prmt)5 but directly requires Prmt4. Nucleic acids research 34 20947566
2024 ROS-mediated cytoplasmic localization of CARM1 induces mitochondrial fission through DRP1 methylation. Redox biology 33 38838552
2013 CARM1 automethylation is controlled at the level of alternative splicing. Nucleic acids research 33 23723242
2019 The long noncoding RNA ST7-AS1 promotes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by stabilizing CARM1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 32 30853182
2018 CARM1 suppresses de novo serine synthesis by promoting PKM2 activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 32 30131339
2019 Functional interplay between YY1 and CARM1 promotes oral carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 30 31217904
2014 PRMT4-mediated arginine methylation negatively regulates retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and promotes E2F-1 dissociation. Molecular and cellular biology 30 25348716
2018 CARM1 contributes to skeletal muscle wasting by mediating FoxO3 activity and promoting myofiber autophagy. Experimental cell research 29 30500392
2020 The CARM1-p300-c-Myc-Max (CPCM) transcriptional complex regulates the expression of CUL4A/4B and affects the stability of CRL4 E3 ligases in colorectal cancer. International journal of biological sciences 28 32140074
2017 The Overexpression of CARM1 Promotes Human Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation through the pGSK3β/β-Catenin/cyclinD1 Signaling Pathway. International journal of biological sciences 27 28924379
2020 CARM1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through upregulating CCNE2 expression. Aging 26 32487779
2023 PRMT4 Facilitates White Adipose Tissue Browning and Thermogenesis by Methylating PPARγ. Diabetes 25 37216643
2023 CARM1 arginine methyltransferase as a therapeutic target for cancer. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 37536629
2022 Depletion of mmu_circ_0001751 (circular RNA Carm1) protects against acute cerebral infarction injuries by binding with microRNA-3098-3p to regulate acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4. Bioengineered 25 35114894
2019 PRMT4 overexpression aggravates cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction by promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 25 31627895
2014 CARM1 regulates astroglial lineage through transcriptional regulation of Nanog and posttranscriptional regulation by miR92a. Molecular biology of the cell 25 25392304
2023 CARM1 drives mitophagy and autophagy flux during fasting-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Autophagy 24 38018843
2020 Gallic Acid Impedes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression via Suppression of EGFR-Dependent CARM1-PELP1 Complex. Drug design, development and therapy 24 32425504
2009 Disruption of histone modification and CARM1 recruitment by arsenic represses transcription at glucocorticoid receptor-regulated promoters. PloS one 24 19707557
2021 Nup54-induced CARM1 nuclear importation promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis through transcriptional activation and methylation of Notch2. Oncogene 23 34725461
2013 PRMT4 is a novel coactivator of c-Myb-dependent transcription in haematopoietic cell lines. PLoS genetics 23 23505388
2010 Expression and purification of full-length mouse CARM1 from transiently transfected HEK293T cells using HaloTag technology. Protein expression and purification 23 21126607
2024 CARM1 phosphorylation at S595 by p38γ MAPK drives ROS-mediated cellular senescence. Redox biology 22 39265499
2023 Development of Potent and Selective Coactivator-Associated Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) Degraders. Journal of medicinal chemistry 22 37703322
2020 CARM1 Regulates AMPK Signaling in Skeletal Muscle. iScience 22 33241200
2019 CARM1 regulates senescence during airway epithelial cell injury in COPD pathogenesis. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 22 31461302
2018 Cancer-related transcription regulator protein NAC1 forms a protein complex with CARM1 for ovarian cancer progression. Oncotarget 22 29983869
2022 Circular RNA circZNF532 facilitates angiogenesis and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy via regulating miR-1243/CARM1 axis. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome 21 35063035
2024 CARM1 drives triple-negative breast cancer progression by coordinating with HIF1A. Protein & cell 20 38476024
2020 WDR5-Myc axis promotes the progression of glioblastoma and neuroblastoma by transcriptional activating CARM1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20 31948749
2013 β-Estradiol-dependent activation of the JAK/STAT pathway requires p/CIP and CARM1. Biochimica et biophysica acta 20 23434684
2021 The protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) PRMT1 and CARM1 as candidate epigenetic drivers in prostate cancer progression. Medicine 19 34516499
2019 TRIM28 protects CARM1 from proteasome-mediated degradation to prevent colorectal cancer metastasis. Science bulletin 18 36659810
2018 The co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) gene is overexpressed in type 2 diabetes. Endocrine 18 30173329
2021 Endotoxin stabilizes protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) protein triggering death of lung epithelia. Cell death & disease 17 34480022
2015 PRMT4 is involved in insulin secretion via the methylation of histone H3 in pancreatic β cells. Journal of molecular endocrinology 17 25917831
2022 CARM1-mediated methylation of ASXL2 impairs tumor-suppressive function of MLL3/COMPASS. Science advances 16 36197977
2020 Structural and biochemical evaluation of bisubstrate inhibitors of protein arginine N-methyltransferases PRMT1 and CARM1 (PRMT4). The Biochemical journal 16 32011657
2023 Protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1, PRMT4/CARM1 and PRMT5 have distinct functions in control of osteoblast differentiation. Bone reports 15 37593409
2022 Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) contributes to lymphopenia in experimental sepsis. Thorax 15 35354645
2021 PRMT4 drives post-ischemic angiogenesis via YB1/VEGF signaling. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 15 33822264

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