Affinage

BCS1L

Mitochondrial chaperone BCS1 · UniProt Q9Y276

Length
419 aa
Mass
47.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 10 papers cited in narrative 10 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

BCS1L is a mitochondrial inner-membrane AAA-family ATPase that serves as an assembly factor for respiratory chain Complex III, where its essential function is to translocate the folded Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP/RISP) across the inner membrane for incorporation into the nascent complex (PMID:17314340, PMID:17403714, PMID:21274865). Cryo-EM structures captured during active catalysis show that BCS1L subunits cycle uniformly between ATP- and ADP-bound states rather than sequentially, translocating the folded ISP substrate in a concerted hydrolysis mechanism, with the substrate trappable when all subunits are ADP-bound (PMID:38821922). Defective BCS1L yields a catalytically inactive, structurally unstable Complex III, disrupts respirasome assembly, and increases ROS production; the molecular basis of disease severity is determined by the class of residue affected, with ATP-binding mutations abolishing ATP-dependent assembly and protein-protein interaction mutations sparing it (PMID:17314340, PMID:17403714). BCS1L resides within a high-molecular-weight supramolecular complex distinct from Complex III intermediates and physically interacts with the inner-membrane protein LETM1, promoting LETM1 complex assembly (PMID:17403714, PMID:18628306). Loss-of-function mutations cause a spectrum of human mitochondrial disease ranging from Björnstad syndrome to fatal GRACILE syndrome (PMID:12215968, PMID:17314340, PMID:20580947).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 2002 High

    Established BCS1L as a mitochondrial inner-membrane chaperone required for Complex III assembly and linked it to human disease, addressing whether patient mutations cause functional loss.

    Evidence Pulse-chase in COS-1 cells showing S78G polypeptide instability plus yeast complementation

    PMID:12215968

    Open questions at the time
    • Biochemical activity (ATPase) not yet defined
    • Direct substrate not identified
    • Mechanism of complex III assembly unresolved
  2. 2006 Low

    Raised the possibility of developmental roles beyond Complex III by documenting a distinct embryonic expression domain, though without functional manipulation.

    Evidence Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in mouse embryo floor plate (E11–E13)

    PMID:17049929

    Open questions at the time
    • Localization data only, no functional test of a developmental role
    • No causal link between floor-plate expression and any phenotype
  3. 2007 High

    Defined BCS1L as an AAA-ATPase and explained genotype-phenotype divergence by distinguishing ATP-binding mutations (block ATP-dependent assembly) from interaction-surface mutations (do not), while showing all mutants disrupt respirasomes and raise ROS.

    Evidence Structure-guided mutagenesis and biochemical assembly assays on patient mutations

    PMID:17314340

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ATPase enzymology and translocation mechanism not resolved
    • Structure of human BCS1L not yet determined
  4. 2007 High

    Showed in a mammalian system that BCS1L facilitates Rieske ISP incorporation and that its loss yields an unstable, inactive Complex III, identifying the maturation step it controls.

    Evidence Complex III assembly analysis, blue-native PAGE, and yeast complementation across muscle, fibroblasts, and lymphoblastoid lines

    PMID:17403714

    Open questions at the time
    • Physical mechanism of ISP translocation undefined
    • Composition of the high-molecular-weight BCS1L complex not characterized
  5. 2008 Medium

    Identified LETM1 as a physical partner whose complex assembly depends on BCS1L, broadening BCS1L's inner-membrane interaction network beyond Complex III.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation and siRNA knockdown with morphological/biochemical readouts

    PMID:18628306

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab co-IP without reciprocal structural validation
    • Functional significance of the BCS1L-LETM1 interaction unresolved
  6. 2010 Medium

    Confirmed inner-membrane localization and tissue-level consequences, and demonstrated that mitochondrial network fragmentation can occur independently of respiratory function and ROS, dissociating morphological from bioenergetic defects.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting in patient tissues; immunofluorescence and flow cytometry in patient fibroblasts

    PMID:20518024 PMID:20580947

    Open questions at the time
    • Cytosolic BCS1L accumulation mechanism (import vs assembly failure) not resolved
    • Cause of MFN2 decrease and fragmentation not mechanistically defined
  7. 2010 High

    Provided an in vivo GRACILE knock-in model confirming BCS1L is required for RISP incorporation, while revealing an alternative assembly route during early ontogenesis.

    Evidence Bcs1l c.232A>G knock-in mouse with respirometry, electron flux kinetics, and RISP immunoblotting

    PMID:21274865

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the proposed early-development assembly factor unknown
    • Developmental timing of the BCS1L requirement not fully mapped
  8. 2016 Medium

    Tested whether supercomplex assembly drives disease severity and showed SCAFI/COX7A2L status alters respirasome composition but not disease progression, excluding supercomplex status as the primary severity determinant.

    Evidence Genetic cross of Bcs1l knock-in with SCAFI variant mice; blue-native PAGE and lifespan analysis

    PMID:27997587

    Open questions at the time
    • Actual driver of severity gradient not identified
    • Tissue-specific contributions not dissected
  9. 2024 High

    Resolved the catalytic mechanism by capturing the human enzyme in action, showing concerted (not sequential) subunit cycling that translocates the folded Rieske ISP across the inner membrane.

    Evidence Cryo-EM structures during active ATP hydrolysis with and without ISP substrate

    PMID:38821922

    Open questions at the time
    • How specific patient mutations distort the hydrolysis cycle structurally not yet mapped
    • Coupling between translocation and downstream Complex III handoff undefined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How BCS1L's translocation activity is integrated with the broader assembly machinery and what determines the disease severity spectrum remain open.
  • Identity of the early-ontogenesis alternative assembly factor unknown
  • Mechanistic basis of the severity gradient from Björnstad to GRACILE unresolved
  • Functional role of the BCS1L-LETM1 interaction in vivo unestablished

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 2 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 1 GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 3 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2
Partners
LETM1

Evidence

Reading pass · 10 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 BCS1L is a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein that functions as a chaperone necessary for the assembly of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. A homozygous S78G missense mutation causes instability of the BCS1L polypeptide (shown by pulse-chase experiments in COS-1 cells), and yeast complementation studies revealed a functional defect in the mutated protein. Pulse-chase experiments in COS-1 cells; yeast complementation assays American journal of human genetics High 12215968
2007 BCS1L is a member of the AAA family of ATPases required for complex III assembly in mitochondria. Mutations that alter ATP-binding residues (associated with complex III deficiency) prevent ATP-dependent assembly of BCS1L-associated complexes, whereas mutations altering protein-protein interaction residues (associated with Björnstad syndrome) do not prevent ATP-dependent assembly. All mutant BCS1L proteins disrupted assembly of mitochondrial respirasomes and increased ROS production. Biochemical assembly assays; structure-guided mutagenesis informed by crystal structure of a related AAA-family ATPase; functional analysis of patient-derived BCS1L mutations The New England journal of medicine High 17314340
2007 BCS1L promotes maturation of complex III by facilitating the incorporation of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP) into the nascent complex in a mammalian system. Defective BCS1L leads to formation of a catalytically inactive, structurally unstable complex III. BCS1L is contained within a high-molecular-weight supramolecular complex distinct from complex III intermediates. Complex III assembly analysis and structural characterization in skeletal muscle, cultured fibroblasts, and lymphoblastoid cell lines; yeast complementation assays; blue-native PAGE Human molecular genetics High 17403714
2008 BCS1L physically interacts with LETM1 (a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein), as shown by co-precipitation. Formation of the LETM1 complex depends on BCS1L levels, indicating BCS1L stimulates LETM1 complex assembly. BCS1L knockdown causes disassembly of respiratory chains, LETM1 downregulation, and distinct changes in mitochondrial morphology. Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown with morphological and biochemical readouts Journal of cell science Medium 18628306
2010 In patient fibroblasts with pathogenic BCS1L mutations, BCS1L protein accumulates in the cytosol, suggesting impaired mitochondrial import or assembly defects. Structural alterations of the mitochondrial network (fragmentation, decreased MFN2 levels) occurred independently of respiratory chain function and ROS production. Immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation in patient-derived fibroblasts; flow cytometry; Western blot Human mutation Medium 20518024
2010 In a knock-in mouse model carrying the GRACILE syndrome BCS1L mutation (c.232A>G), BCS1L protein is required for Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP) incorporation into complex III. In young animals, complex III was correctly assembled despite the mutation, suggesting another complex III assembly factor operates during early ontogenesis. Knock-in mouse model; electron flux kinetics through complex III; high-resolution respirometry; Western blotting of RISP incorporation Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) High 21274865
2010 BCS1L localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, as demonstrated by fractionation in control and patient fibroblasts. In GRACILE patient tissues (liver, kidney, heart), BCS1L and Rieske protein levels as well as complex III amount and activity were decreased. Subcellular fractionation; immunoblotting in patient tissues and fibroblasts Mitochondrion Medium 20580947
2006 BCS1L is expressed at high levels in the floor plate of the neural tube during embryogenesis (E11–E13), with an expression pattern distinct from other mitochondrial markers (Porin, Rieske FeS, Core I, GRIM19), suggesting BCS1L may have developmental functions beyond complex III assembly. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization during mouse embryonic development Gene expression patterns : GEP Low 17049929
2016 In Bcs1l mutant mice (c.232A>G), SCAFI (COX7A2L) isoform status affects respirasome composition in liver mitochondria but does not affect disease progression, indicating that supercomplex assembly status is not the primary determinant of disease severity in BCS1L deficiency. Genetic cross of Bcs1l knock-in mice with SCAFI variant mice; blue-native PAGE; lifespan analysis PloS one Medium 27997587
2024 Cryo-EM structures of human BCS1L during active ATP hydrolysis reveal that its subunits alternate uniformly between ATP- and ADP-bound conformations without detectable mixed-nucleotide intermediates, indicating that BCS1L subunits act in concert (not sequentially) to translocate the folded Rieske ISP substrate across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The ISP substrate can be trapped when all BCS1L subunits are in the ADP-bound state. Cryo-EM structure determination during active ATP hydrolysis in presence/absence of ISP substrate Nature communications High 38821922

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Predicting drug disposition via application of BCS: transport/absorption/ elimination interplay and development of a biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system. Pharmaceutical research 918 15771225
2002 GRACILE syndrome, a lethal metabolic disorder with iron overload, is caused by a point mutation in BCS1L. American journal of human genetics 206 12215968
2007 Missense mutations in the BCS1L gene as a cause of the Björnstad syndrome. The New England journal of medicine 155 17314340
2007 Impaired complex III assembly associated with BCS1L gene mutations in isolated mitochondrial encephalopathy. Human molecular genetics 136 17403714
2009 Segmental dependent transport of low permeability compounds along the small intestine due to P-glycoprotein: the role of efflux transport in the oral absorption of BCS class III drugs. Molecular pharmaceutics 126 19248230
2006 The suitability of an in situ perfusion model for permeability determinations: utility for BCS class I biowaiver requests. Molecular pharmaceutics 124 17140256
2012 pH-Dependent solubility and permeability criteria for provisional biopharmaceutics classification (BCS and BDDCS) in early drug discovery. Molecular pharmaceutics 117 22489626
2008 Characterization of the mitochondrial protein LETM1, which maintains the mitochondrial tubular shapes and interacts with the AAA-ATPase BCS1L. Journal of cell science 108 18628306
1994 A new gene required for cellulose production and a gene encoding cellulolytic activity in Acetobacter xylinum are colocalized with the bcs operon. Journal of bacteriology 96 8300521
2013 Higgs amplitude mode in the BCS superconductors Nb1-xTi(x)N induced by terahertz pulse excitation. Physical review letters 79 23952432
2014 Combined use of phospholipid complexes and self-emulsifying microemulsions for improving the oral absorption of a BCS class IV compound, baicalin. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B 74 26579386
2003 Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of complex III deficiency due to mutations in the BCS1L gene. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 73 12910490
2009 Direct rod input to cone BCs and direct cone input to rod BCs challenge the traditional view of mammalian BC circuitry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72 20018684
2013 Comparison of the permeability of metoprolol and labetalol in rat, mouse, and Caco-2 cells: use as a reference standard for BCS classification. Molecular pharmaceutics 65 23327720
2013 Improved oral bioavailability of BCS class 2 compounds by self nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS): the underlying mechanisms for amiodarone and talinolol. Pharmaceutical research 65 23686373
2013 ZNF469 frequently mutated in the brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a single exon gene possibly regulating the expression of several extracellular matrix components. Molecular genetics and metabolism 63 23680354
2010 Cellular pathophysiological consequences of BCS1L mutations in mitochondrial complex III enzyme deficiency. Human mutation 54 20518024
2010 The GRACILE mutation introduced into Bcs1l causes postnatal complex III deficiency: a viable mouse model for mitochondrial hepatopathy. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 54 21274865
2014 Distinguishing between the permeability relationships with absorption and metabolism to improve BCS and BDDCS predictions in early drug discovery. Molecular pharmaceutics 47 24628254
2002 Optimized conditions for MDCK permeability and turbidimetric solubility studies using compounds representative of BCS classes I-IV. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 47 11988394
2015 The Effect of Excipients on the Permeability of BCS Class III Compounds and Implications for Biowaivers. Pharmaceutical research 46 26286187
2010 A modified physiological BCS for prediction of intestinal absorption in drug discovery. Molecular pharmaceutics 46 20734997
2016 C-di-GMP regulates the expression of lapA and bcs operons via FleQ in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Environmental microbiology reports 43 27120564
2011 Effect of gastric pH on the pharmacokinetics of a BCS class II compound in dogs: utilization of an artificial stomach and duodenum dissolution model and GastroPlus,™ simulations to predict absorption. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 41 21681753
2011 Caco-2 cells, biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) and biowaiver. Acta medica (Hradec Kralove) 40 21542416
2021 On Absorption Modeling and Food Effect Prediction of Rivaroxaban, a BCS II Drug Orally Administered as an Immediate-Release Tablet. Pharmaceutics 38 33672439
2010 Characterization of complex III deficiency and liver dysfunction in GRACILE syndrome caused by a BCS1L mutation. Mitochondrion 35 20580947
2009 Infantile mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with unusual phenotype caused by a novel BCS1L mutation in an isolated complex III-deficient patient. Neuromuscular disorders : NMD 34 19162478
2019 Demonstrating suitability of the Caco-2 cell model for BCS-based biowaiver according to the recent FDA and ICH harmonised guidelines. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 32 31155721
1989 Response of mouse brain to a single subcutaneous injection of the monofunctional sulfur mustard, butyl 2-chloroethyl sulfide (BCS)*. Toxicology 31 2815091
2009 Pathogenic mutations in the 5' untranslated region of BCS1L mRNA in mitochondrial complex III deficiency. Mitochondrion 28 19389488
2009 Caco-2 cells and Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) for prediction of transepithelial transport of xenobiotics (model drug: caffeine). Neuro endocrinology letters 28 20027153
2020 Per-6-Thiolated Cyclodextrins: A Novel Type of Permeation Enhancing Excipients for BCS Class IV Drugs. ACS applied materials & interfaces 27 31985207
2012 Metabolite profiles reveal energy failure and impaired beta-oxidation in liver of mice with complex III deficiency due to a BCS1L mutation. PloS one 27 22829922
2012 Clinical and biochemical features associated with BCS1L mutation. Journal of inherited metabolic disease 26 22991165
2020 Biomimetic Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay over Franz Cell Apparatus Using BCS Model Drugs. Pharmaceutics 25 33086670
2018 Clinical spectrum of BCS1L Mitopathies and their underlying structural relationships. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 25 30582773
2010 Long-term survival of neonatal mitochondrial complex III deficiency associated with a novel BCS1L gene mutation. Molecular genetics and metabolism 25 20472482
2019 Validation of an Ex Vivo Permeation Method for the Intestinal Permeability of Different BCS Drugs and Its Correlation with Caco-2 In Vitro Experiments. Pharmaceutics 24 31795506
2019 Surfactant-free solid dispersion of BCS class IV drug in an amorphous chitosan oligosaccharide matrix for concomitant dissolution in vitro - permeability increase. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 23 30699368
2017 Ketogenic diet attenuates hepatopathy in mouse model of respiratory chain complex III deficiency caused by a Bcs1l mutation. Scientific reports 23 28424480
2017 Respiratory chain complex III deficiency due to mutated BCS1L: a novel phenotype with encephalomyopathy, partially phenocopied in a Bcs1l mutant mouse model. Orphanet journal of rare diseases 23 28427446
2018 Low catalytic activity of the Cu(ii)-binding motif (Xxx-Zzz-His; ATCUN) in reactive oxygen species production and inhibition by the Cu(i)-chelator BCS. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 22 30288543
2003 Characterization of a thermostable D-stereospecific alanine amidase from Brevibacillus borstelensis BCS-1. Applied and environmental microbiology 22 12571020
2017 Comparative study on stabilizing ability of food protein, non-ionic surfactant and anionic surfactant on BCS type II drug carvedilol loaded nanosuspension: Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic investigation. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 21 28811130
2014 BCS1L gene mutation causing GRACILE syndrome: case report. Renal failure 21 24655110
2019 Molecular genetic investigations identify new clinical phenotypes associated with BCS1L-related mitochondrial disease. Human molecular genetics 20 31435670
2017 Hydrophobin-nanofibrillated cellulose stabilized emulsions for encapsulation and release of BCS class II drugs. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 28126561
2013 Severe renal tubulopathy in a newborn due to BCS1L gene mutation: effects of different treatment modalities on the clinical course. Gene 20 23892085
2012 BCS1L gene mutation presenting with GRACILE-like syndrome and complex III deficiency. Annals of clinical biochemistry 20 22277166
2008 Screening of BCS1L mutations in severe neonatal disorders suspicious for mitochondrial cause. Journal of human genetics 20 18386115
2012 Suitability of isolated rat jejunum model for demonstration of complete absorption in humans for BCS-based biowaiver request. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 19 22234826
2006 Caissarolysin I (Bcs I), a new hemolytic toxin from the Brazilian sea anemone Bunodosoma caissarum: purification and biological characterization. Biochimica et biophysica acta 19 16458433
2011 A formulation strategy for gamma secretase inhibitor ELND006, a BCS class II compound: development of a nanosuspension formulation with improved oral bioavailability and reduced food effects in dogs. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 18 22213574
2004 Collective modes and ballistic expansion of a fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover. Physical review letters 18 15600814
2017 FleN and FleQ play a synergistic role in regulating lapA and bcs operons in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Environmental microbiology reports 17 28517238
2013 Novel mutation in AAA domain of BCS1L causing Bjornstad syndrome. Journal of human genetics 17 24172246
1997 Differentiation of BCS-TC2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells by sodium butyrate: increase in 5'-nucleotidase activity. European journal of clinical investigation 17 9263751
2016 COX7A2L/SCAFI and Pre-Complex III Modify Respiratory Chain Supercomplex Formation in Different Mouse Strains with a Bcs1l Mutation. PloS one 16 27997587
2006 BCS1L is expressed in critical regions for neural development during ontogenesis in mice. Gene expression patterns : GEP 16 17049929
1990 Establishment and characterization of a new human colon adenocarcinoma cell line: BCS-TC2. Cytotechnology 16 1366654
2015 A novel mutation in BCS1L associated with deafness, tubulopathy, growth retardation and microcephaly. European journal of pediatrics 15 26563427
2010 From drug delivery systems to drug release, dissolution, IVIVC, BCS, BDDCS, bioequivalence and biowaivers. Pharmaceutical research 14 20635193
2019 Comparisons of in vitro Fick's first law, lipolysis, and in vivo rat models for oral absorption on BCS II drugs in SNEDDS. International journal of nanomedicine 13 31440045
2013 Fumaric acid microenvironment tablet formulation and process development for crystalline cenicriviroc mesylate, a BCS IV compound. Molecular pharmaceutics 13 23941629
2015 Gain of a New Exon by a Lineage-Specific Alu Element-Integration Event in the BCS1L Gene during Primate Evolution. Molecules and cells 12 26537194
2021 BCS1L mutations produce Fanconi syndrome with developmental disability. Journal of human genetics 11 34650211
2019 Low Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS) rates in public hospitals in Malaysia: The effect of stage and ethnicity. Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) 11 31176055
2019 Relationships between expression of BCS1L, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and fatigue among patients with prostate cancer. Cancer management and research 11 31410061
2023 Integrating In Vitro Biopharmaceutics into Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutic Model (PBBM) to Predict Food Effect of BCS IV Zwitterionic Drug (GSK3640254). Pharmaceutics 10 36839843
2022 Characterization of Dissolution-Permeation System using Hollow Fiber Membrane Module and Utility to Predict in Vivo Drug Permeation Across BCS Classes. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 10 35830941
2000 Effect of inducers and inhibitors on the expression of bcs genes involved in cypris larval attachment and metamorphosis of the barnacles Balanus amphitrite. The International journal of developmental biology 10 11032178
2022 Cell-Free Blood Cell Secretome (BCS) Counteracts Skin Aging: Multi-Center Prospective Regenerative Aesthetic Medicine Study Using Exokine®. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 9 35784268
2010 Effect of dodecylmaltoside (DDM) on uptake of BCS III compounds, tiludronate and cromolyn, in Caco-2 cells and rat intestine model. Drug delivery 9 20136582
2010 Evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the p53 binding protein 1 (TP53BP1) gene in breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and whole-breast irradiation (BCS + RT). International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 9 20646866
2023 Drug Permeability - Best Practices for Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)-Based Biowaivers: A workshop Summary Report. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 8 37142122
2017 Novel compound heterozygous mutations in BCS1L gene causing Bjornstad syndrome in two siblings. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 8 28322498
2015 Exome sequencing reveals novel BCS1L mutations in siblings with hearing loss and hypotrichosis. Gene 8 25895478
2013 Isolation of a solventogenic Clostridium sp. strain: fermentation of glycerol to n-butanol, analysis of the bcs operon region and its potential regulatory elements. Systematic and applied microbiology 8 24331236
2022 Tissue specific expression of bacterial cellulose synthase (Bcs) genes improves cotton fiber length and strength. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 7 36565935
2020 BCS class II drug loaded protein nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability: in vitro evaluation and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats. Drug development and industrial pharmacy 7 32362144
2016 A Turkish BCS1L mutation causes GRACILE-like disorder. The Turkish journal of pediatrics 7 29090881
2024 Antioxidants had No Effects on the In-Vitro Permeability of BCS III Model Drug Substances. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 6 38862090
2023 Enhancing Oil Solubility of BCS Class II Drug Phenytoin Through Hydrophobic Ion Pairing to Enable High Drug Load in Injectable Nanoemulsion to Prevent Precipitation at Physiological pH With a Potential to Prevent Phlebitis. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 6 36958691
2024 Evaluation of mucosal immune profile associated with Zileuton nanocrystal-formulated BCS-II drug upon oral administration in Sprague Dawley rats. Nanotoxicology 5 38146991
2024 Conformations of Bcs1L undergoing ATP hydrolysis suggest a concerted translocation mechanism for folded iron-sulfur protein substrate. Nature communications 5 38821922
2023 Pathogenic BCS1L Mutation Resulting in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Unique Presentation of Nuclear Mitochondrial Disease. Texas Heart Institute journal 4 37001142
2023 Receipt of mastectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy following breast conserving surgery (BCS) in New Zealand women with BCS-eligible breast cancer, 2010-2015: an observational study focusing on ethnic differences. BMC cancer 4 37592208
2022 Identification of two novel variants of BCS1L gene in a patient with classical GRACILE syndrome. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) 4 35960161
2021 Cell-Free Blood Cell Secretome (BCS) Counteracts Skin Aging and Restores Firmness and Elasticity. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 4 34076388
2004 Characteristics of a new enantioselective thermostable dipeptidase from Brevibacillus borstelensis BCS-1 and its application to synthesis of a D-amino-acid-containing dipeptide. Applied and environmental microbiology 4 15006780
2004 Pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of solution and soft gelatin capsule formulations for a BCS class 3 compound with atypical physicochemical properties. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 4 15295782
2025 Artificial gut Simulator. A scheme to predict intestinal and plasma concentration-time profiles of a weakly basic BCS-II drug, dipyridamole. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V 3 40089075
2022 Corrosion Behavior of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy in Saline and BCS Solution. Journal of bio- and tribo-corrosion 3 37736215
2016 A NEONATE PRESENTING WITH GRACILE SYNDROME AND BJORNSTAD PHENOTYPE ASSOCIATED WITH BCS1L MUTATION. Genetic counseling (Geneva, Switzerland) 3 30226971
2023 Postpartum Body Condition Score (BCS) and Lactation Stage (30 and 60 Days) Affecting Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) and Milk Quality of Najdi Sheep. Veterinary sciences 2 37756073
2022 Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of complex III mitopathy due to novel BCS1L gene mutation in a Saudi patient. BMC medical genomics 2 35305621
2022 Nano-hydroxyapatite improves intestinal absorption of acetazolamide (BCS Class IV drug)-but how? PloS one 2 35588130
2015 Leveraging BCS in Development: A Case Study. Molecular pharmaceutics 2 26365521
2007 Comparison of the "ProDect BCS RV CHIP" assay with the combination of shell vial cell culture and immunofluorescence antibody test for the detection of respiratory viruses. Journal of virological methods 2 17433455

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