Affinage

ASPSCR1

Tether containing UBX domain for GLUT4 · UniProt Q9BZE9

Length
553 aa
Mass
60.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ASPSCR1 (also called TUG, ASPL, or UBXD9) functions as a bifunctional tethering and signaling protein that governs insulin-stimulated glucose transporter mobilization and, when proteolytically processed, coordinates both vesicle transport and nuclear transcriptional programs controlling energy metabolism. In unstimulated adipocytes and myocytes, intact ASPSCR1 retains GLUT4/IRAP-containing storage vesicles at the Golgi matrix by binding vesicle cargoes via its N-terminus and Golgi matrix proteins (Golgin-160, ACBD3) via its C-terminus; insulin triggers Usp25m-mediated endoproteolytic cleavage, releasing an N-terminal ubiquitin-like modifier (TUGUL) that modifies KIF5B kinesin for vesicle transport, while the C-terminal product is extracted by p97/VCP ATPase, enters the nucleus, and binds PPARγ/PGC-1α to promote fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis (PMID:17202135, PMID:22610098, PMID:29773651, PMID:33686286). ASPSCR1 also directly disassembles p97 hexamers into monomers through its extended UBX domain, forming stable p97:ASPSCR1 heterotetramers and modulating p97-dependent processes including ERAD and Golgi reassembly (PMID:22207755, PMID:27762274). The recurrent t(X;17)(p11.2;q25) chromosomal translocation fuses ASPSCR1 to TFE3, producing an ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion oncoprotein that acts as an aberrant, constitutively nuclear transcriptional activator driving alveolar soft part sarcoma and Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma through super-enhancer-mediated upregulation of angiogenesis, autophagy-lysosomal, and cell cycle target genes (PMID:11244503, PMID:23288701, PMID:37029109).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 2001 High

    Identification of the ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion as the product of the ASPS-defining translocation established ASPSCR1 as a gene whose disruption drives sarcoma and renal carcinoma through creation of an aberrant transcription factor.

    Evidence RT-PCR, FISH, Southern blot, and sequencing across multiple ASPS and renal tumor cases

    PMID:11244503 PMID:11438465

    Open questions at the time
    • Normal function of ASPSCR1 protein was unknown
    • Mechanism by which the fusion activates transcription was not defined
    • Whether fusion requires both gene products or acts dominantly was unclear
  2. 2006 Medium

    Structural determination of the ASPSCR1 N-terminal domain revealed a ubiquitin-like (UBL) fold, providing the first indication that ASPSCR1 might participate in ubiquitin-like modification or recognition pathways despite lacking classical conjugation motifs.

    Evidence NMR spectroscopy solution structure with in vitro binding assays

    PMID:16501224

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of the UBL domain in cells was not established
    • Physiological binding partners of this domain were not identified
  3. 2007 High

    Discovery that ASPSCR1/TUG retains GLUT4 in intracellular compartments and that its depletion phenocopies insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation established the protein's core physiological function as a GLUT4 storage vesicle tether.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, dominant-negative expression, glucose uptake assays, and direct GLUT4 binding in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

    PMID:17202135

    Open questions at the time
    • How insulin signals to release TUG-tethered vesicles was unknown
    • The identity of the intracellular anchor for TUG was not defined
  4. 2011 High

    Demonstration that ASPSCR1 binds p97/VCP and disassembles its hexamers linked ASPSCR1 to p97-dependent membrane trafficking and established a unique biochemical activity among UBX-domain cofactors.

    Evidence In vitro hexamer disassembly reconstitution, domain mapping, siRNA knockdown affecting Golgi reassembly in HeLa cells

    PMID:22207755

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of hexamer disassembly was not resolved
    • Whether p97 disassembly was relevant to GLUT4 trafficking was unknown
  5. 2012 High

    Identification of insulin-stimulated endoproteolytic cleavage of ASPSCR1 and its linkage to the Golgi matrix via PIST/Golgin-160 resolved how insulin mobilizes GLUT4 vesicles — by severing the tether rather than displacing it.

    Evidence Biochemical detection of cleavage products, TC10α epistasis by RNAi, cleavage-resistant mutant blocking insulin-responsive translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

    PMID:22610098

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the protease was unknown
    • Fate and function of cleavage products were not characterized
  6. 2013 High

    Genome-wide identification of ASPSCR1-TFE3 transcriptional targets (including MET) and demonstration of its enhanced transactivation relative to wild-type TFE3 defined the oncogenic mechanism as constitutive, amplified transcriptional activation at hundreds of loci.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, RNAi proliferation screen, and luciferase reporter assays in ASPS cell lines

    PMID:23288701

    Open questions at the time
    • Epigenomic basis (enhancer remodeling) was not explored
    • Whether all identified targets contribute to tumorigenesis was untested
  7. 2013 High

    Transgenic mouse studies showed that constitutive ASPSCR1 proteolysis in muscle drives GLUT4 to T-tubules and increases whole-body energy expenditure, establishing systemic metabolic relevance beyond the adipocyte.

    Evidence Muscle-specific transgenic mouse with constitutive TUG cleavage, hyperinsulinemic clamp, metabolic cages

    PMID:23744065

    Open questions at the time
    • Nuclear signaling consequences of TUG cleavage in muscle were not examined
    • Whether muscle TUG cleavage occurs physiologically under insulin stimulation was not directly shown
  8. 2015 High

    Discovery that ASPSCR1 also tethers IRAP-containing vesicles and that acetylation by SIRT2 modulates ASPSCR1-ACBD3 binding expanded the tethering model to include vasopressin metabolism and post-translational regulation of tether affinity.

    Evidence Acetylation site mapping, SIRT2 knockout mice, recombinant IRAP binding assays, in vivo vasopressin measurements

    PMID:25561724 PMID:25944897

    Open questions at the time
    • Acetyltransferase writing ASPSCR1 acetylation was not identified
    • Quantitative contribution of acetylation vs. proteolysis to GLUT4 release was unclear
  9. 2016 High

    Crystallographic and biochemical analysis revealed that ASPSCR1's extended UBX domain drives p97 hexamer disassembly into stable heterotetramers with reoriented D2 domains, providing a structural mechanism for how overproduction disrupts ERAD.

    Evidence Crystal structure of p97-ASPL complex, quantitative disassembly and ATPase assays, ERAD reporter assay

    PMID:27132113 PMID:27762274

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological contexts requiring p97 disassembly by ASPSCR1 were not defined
    • Whether p97 disassembly occurs during GLUT4 vesicle release was not tested
  10. 2018 High

    Identification of Usp25m as the insulin-activated protease that cleaves ASPSCR1, generating TUGUL that modifies KIF5B kinesin, completed the enzymatic mechanism of GLUT4 vesicle release and linked diet-induced insulin resistance to reduced ASPSCR1 processing.

    Evidence Reconstitution of TUG cleavage by Usp25m transfection in non-adipocytes, co-IP, KIF5B modification assay, diet-induced obesity model

    PMID:29773651

    Open questions at the time
    • How insulin activates Usp25m catalytic activity was not resolved
    • Whether Usp25m cleaves other substrates in this pathway was unknown
  11. 2021 High

    Mouse genetic studies demonstrated that the ASPSCR1 C-terminal cleavage product enters the nucleus, binds PPARγ/PGC-1α, and drives fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis, revealing a second signaling arm of ASPSCR1 proteolysis beyond vesicle transport.

    Evidence Muscle-specific Aspscr1 knockout and constitutive-cleavage mice, nuclear fractionation, co-IP with PPARγ/PGC-1α, metabolic and gene expression phenotyping

    PMID:33686286

    Open questions at the time
    • How p97 extracts the C-terminal product from the Golgi matrix for nuclear import was not mechanistically resolved
    • Whether the PPARγ Pro12Ala effect on TUG binding is sufficient to alter metabolic outcomes in humans was not tested
  12. 2021 Medium

    Demonstration that ASPSCR1-TFE3 escapes mTOR-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration and transcriptionally activates the autophagy-lysosome pathway explained how fusion-driven cancers evade energy stress.

    Evidence ChIP for lysosomal gene promoters, autophagy flux assays, mTOR pathway analysis in RCC cells

    PMID:33846569

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether autophagy activation is required for tumor maintenance or initiation was not distinguished
    • Mechanism of mTOR escape was not structurally explained
  13. 2023 High

    Epigenomic profiling revealed that ASPSCR1-TFE3 remodels super-enhancers to drive angiogenesis in vivo, identifying Rab27a/Sytl2-mediated angiogenic factor trafficking as the critical downstream effector for ASPS tumor vascularization.

    Evidence ChIP-seq for super-enhancers, CRISPR knockout of fusion in ASPS model, epigenomic dCas9 screen, in vivo tumor growth

    PMID:37029109

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether therapeutic targeting of angiogenic effectors can substitute for direct fusion inhibition was not tested
    • Super-enhancer dependencies in renal cell carcinoma driven by the same fusion were not examined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include how insulin activates Usp25m catalytic activity, how p97 extracts the ASPSCR1 C-terminal product from the Golgi for nuclear import, and whether ASPSCR1's p97-disassembly activity is physiologically linked to its GLUT4-tethering function.
  • Insulin-to-Usp25m signaling cascade is undefined
  • p97 extraction mechanism during TUG cleavage not reconstituted
  • No structural model of intact TUG tethering complex exists

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 6 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4
Localization
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 4 GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 6 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 6 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2
Partners
ACBD3GOLGB1KIF5BLNPEPPPARGSLC2A4USP25VCP
Complex memberships
TUG-GLUT4/IRAP-Golgin-160/ACBD3 tethering complexp97-ASPSCR1 heterotetramer

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 ASPSCR1 (ASPL) is fused to TFE3 transcription factor gene via the der(17)t(X;17)(p11.2;q25) translocation in alveolar soft part sarcoma, creating an ASPL-TFE3 fusion protein that retains the TFE3 DNA-binding domain while replacing its N-terminal portion with ASPL sequences, implicating transcriptional deregulation in ASPS pathogenesis. ASPSCR1 contains a UBX-like domain in its carboxy-terminal portion. RT-PCR, Southern blotting, FISH, cDNA cloning and sequencing Oncogene High 11244503
2001 ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion-positive renal tumors bear the identical ASPL-TFE3 fusion transcript as ASPS but with a balanced t(X;17) translocation, distinguishing them from ASPS where the translocation is unbalanced. RT-PCR for fusion transcript, FISH for translocation balance The American journal of pathology High 11438465
2007 TUG (ASPSCR1) retains GLUT4 within intracellular perinuclear membranes distinct from endosomes in unstimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes; siRNA-mediated TUG depletion or dominant negative fragment expression causes GLUT4 translocation and enhanced glucose uptake. TUG binds directly and specifically to a large intracellular loop in GLUT4. siRNA knockdown, dominant negative expression, glucose uptake assays, microscopy, direct binding assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 17202135
2011 TUG (ASPSCR1) localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi intermediate compartment and ER exit sites in HeLa cells. TUG binds p97/VCP ATPase through an extended sequence comprising three regions (not solely the UBX domain) that contacts the p97 N-terminal domain, and causes stoichiometric disassembly of p97 hexamers into monomers. TUG is required for efficient reassembly of the Golgi complex after brefeldin A removal. Co-immunoprecipitation, domain mapping, in vitro hexamer disassembly assay, siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence localization, brefeldin A washout assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 22207755
2012 TUG (ASPSCR1) undergoes site-specific endoproteolytic cleavage in response to insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, separating the GLUT4-binding N-terminal region (generating an 18-kDa ubiquitin-like modifier called TUGUL) from the C-terminal region that anchors vesicles at the Golgi matrix via PIST and Golgin-160. Intact TUG links GLUT4 to PIST (an effector of TC10α GTPase), and TC10α is required for TUG proteolytic processing. A cleavage-resistant TUG mutant does not support highly insulin-responsive GLUT4 translocation. Biochemical fractionation, immunoblotting for cleavage products, RNAi (TC10α), mutagenesis (cleavage-resistant TUG), co-immunoprecipitation, glucose uptake assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 22610098
2013 ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion oncoprotein has predominantly nuclear localization and functions as a stronger transcriptional transactivator than native TFE3. Genome-wide location analysis identified 2193 genes bound by ASPSCR1-TFE3, with 332 putative up-regulated direct targets including MET, CYP17A1, and UPP1. RNAi screens identified 12 target genes (including MET) that contribute to ASPSCR1-TFE3-positive cancer cell proliferation. Nuclear localization confirmed by microscopy, genome-wide ChIP-seq (location analysis), inducible expression system, RNAi functional screen, luciferase reporter assays The Journal of pathology High 23288701
2013 TUG (ASPSCR1) proteolytic processing in skeletal muscle controls GLUT4 translocation to T-tubule fractions and impacts systemic glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure. In muscle-specific transgenic mice expressing a truncated TUG fragment (UBX-Cter), TUG proteolysis becomes constitutive, GLUT4 is translocated during fasting, fasting plasma glucose and insulin are reduced, and whole-body VO2, VCO2, and energy expenditure are increased ~12-13%. Muscle-specific transgenic mouse model, 2-deoxyglucose uptake, hyperinsulinemic clamp, subcellular fractionation, metabolic cage measurements The Journal of biological chemistry High 23744065
2015 The TUG (ASPSCR1) C-terminus is acetylated; acetylation modulates its interaction with the Golgi matrix protein ACBD3, reducing TUG-ACBD3 binding while not affecting Golgin-160 binding. SIRT2 deacetylase binds TUG and deacetylates it; SIRT2 overexpression reduces TUG acetylation and redistributes GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. TUG also controls vesicle translocation by interacting with IRAP as well as GLUT4, coordinating IRAP targeting and vasopressin inactivation in vivo. Acetylation site identification, Co-IP, overexpression/knockdown of SIRT2, SIRT2 knockout mice, glucose tolerance tests, subcellular fractionation The Journal of biological chemistry High 25561724
2015 TUG (ASPSCR1) proteolysis controls IRAP targeting to T-tubules in skeletal muscle and regulates vasopressin inactivation in vivo. Recombinant IRAP binds to TUG, mapped to a short peptide in IRAP previously shown to be critical for GLUT4 intracellular retention. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, IRAP is present in TUG-bound membranes and released by insulin stimulation. Transgenic mouse model with constitutive TUG proteolysis, subcellular fractionation, recombinant protein binding/mapping, in vivo vasopressin/copeptin measurements, renal AQP2 analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 25944897
2016 ASPSCR1 (ASPL) contains an extended UBX domain (eUBX) that is critical for p97 hexamer disassembly. ASPL efficiently promotes p97 hexamer disassembly, forming stable p97:ASPL heterotetramers. This is accompanied by reorientation of the p97 D2 ATPase domain and loss of its ATPase activity. Overproduction of ASPL disrupts p97 hexamer function in ERAD. Quantitative interaction mapping, high-resolution structural studies (crystal structure), in vitro hexamer disassembly biochemical assay, domain mutagenesis, ERAD functional assay, cell death assays with engineered eUBX polypeptides Nature communications High 27762274
2016 ASPL-TFE3 oncoprotein directly transactivates p21 (p21WAF1/CIP1) promoter in a p53-independent manner, causing cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. ASPL-TFE3-induced senescence involves upregulation of SASP-associated proinflammatory cytokines. Ectopic expression, reporter assay (p21 promoter), p21 siRNA rescue, senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay, tetracycline-inducible expression in MSCs Neoplasia Medium 27673450
2018 Usp25m (muscle splice form of Usp25) is the protease required for insulin-stimulated TUG (ASPSCR1) cleavage and GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes. Usp25m binds TUG and GLUT4, colocalizes with TUG in unstimulated cells, and dissociates from TUG-bound vesicles after insulin addition. TUG proteolysis generates TUGUL, which modifies the KIF5B kinesin motor; TUG proteolysis is required to load GLUT4 onto KIF5B motors. In diet-induced insulin resistance, TUG proteolysis and Usp25m abundance are reduced in adipose tissue. Protein interaction (co-IP, pulldown), reconstitution of TUG cleavage in nonadipocytes by transfection, colocalization microscopy, kinesin modification assay, diet-induced insulin resistance model in rodents The Journal of biological chemistry High 29773651
2006 The N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL1, residues 10-83) of TUG (ASPSCR1) adopts a beta-grasp/ubiquitin-like topology as determined by NMR spectroscopy. This domain is not required for in vitro association with GLUT4 and lacks the C-terminal diglycine motif required for conjugation and the Ile-44 hydrophobic face for ubiquitin recognition. NMR spectroscopy (structure determination), backbone dynamics analysis, in vitro binding assay Protein science Medium 16501224
2021 TUG (ASPSCR1) proteolysis by Usp25m generates TUGUL (N-terminal product) that modifies KIF5B kinesin in adipocytes, and generates a C-terminal cleavage product that enters the nucleus, binds PPARγ and PGC-1α, and regulates gene expression to promote fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis by upregulating sarcolipin and UCP1. The ATE1 arginyltransferase regulates stability of the TUG C-terminal product via an N-degron pathway. The PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism (which reduces diabetes risk) enhances TUG binding to PPARγ. Muscle-specific Tug (Aspscr1) knockout mice, muscle-specific constitutive TUG cleavage mice, nuclear fractionation, Co-IP with PPARγ/PGC-1α, gene expression analysis, metabolic phenotyping Nature metabolism High 33686286
2021 ASPL-TFE3 fusion protein translocates into the nucleus and transcriptionally activates the lysosome-autophagy pathway by binding to promoters of lysosome-related genes, enabling RCC cells to escape energy stress. ASPL-TFE3 escapes regulation by the classic mTOR-TFE3 signal and instead activates phospho-mTOR and its downstream targets. Promoter binding assays (ChIP), in vitro and in vivo proliferation assays, autophagy flux measurement, pathway inhibition studies Oncogene Medium 33846569
2022 TUG (ASPSCR1) ubiquitin-like processing is the central mechanism retaining GLUT4 storage vesicles at the Golgi matrix; intact TUG binds vesicle cargoes (GLUT4, IRAP) with its N-terminus and Golgi matrix proteins (Golgin-160, ACBD3) with its C-terminus. In adipocytes, TUGUL modifies KIF5B to transport vesicles; the C-terminal product is extracted from the Golgi matrix by p97 (VCP) ATPase after TUG cleavage. Review integrating prior biochemical, genetic, and structural data; p97 extraction role supported by prior biochemical studies Frontiers in endocrinology Medium 36246906
2016 Mutant p97 proteins show reduced binding to human TUG/ASPL/UBXD9 compared to wild-type p97, and both human and Dictyostelium UBXD9 (TUG/ASPL) very efficiently disassemble wild-type p97 hexamers into monomers but are less effective on mutant p97. Binding affinity differences are species-, mutation-, and ATP-dependent. Pull-down assays, surface plasmon resonance, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, co-immunoprecipitation European journal of cell biology Medium 27132113
2023 ASPSCR1::TFE3 fusion transcription factor is dispensable for in vitro tumor maintenance but required for in vivo ASPS tumor development via angiogenesis. ASPSCR1::TFE3 associates with super-enhancers at its binding sites; its loss induces super-enhancer redistribution affecting angiogenesis pathway genes. Key angiogenic targets identified by epigenomic CRISPR/dCas9 screening include Pdgfb, Rab27a, Sytl2, and Vwf; Rab27a and Sytl2 upregulation promotes angiogenic factor-trafficking for vascular network construction. In vitro vs. in vivo tumor growth comparison, ChIP-seq for super-enhancers, epigenomic CRISPR/dCas9 screen, functional validation of specific target genes Nature communications High 37029109

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1991 Genomic imprinting in mammalian development: a parental tug-of-war. Trends in genetics : TIG 856 2035190
2001 Primary renal neoplasms with the ASPL-TFE3 gene fusion of alveolar soft part sarcoma: a distinctive tumor entity previously included among renal cell carcinomas of children and adolescents. The American journal of pathology 482 11438465
2001 The der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25) of human alveolar soft part sarcoma fuses the TFE3 transcription factor gene to ASPL, a novel gene at 17q25. Oncogene 457 11244503
2005 Kinesin and dynein move a peroxisome in vivo: a tug-of-war or coordinated movement? Science (New York, N.Y.) 424 15817813
2019 PARP Inhibitor Resistance: A Tug-of-War in BRCA-Mutated Cells. Trends in cell biology 361 31421928
2012 Tug-of-war in motor protein ensembles revealed with a programmable DNA origami scaffold. Science (New York, N.Y.) 306 23065903
2020 A tug-of-war between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and host antiviral defence: lessons from other pathogenic viruses. Emerging microbes & infections 252 32172672
2009 Tug-of-war between dissimilar teams of microtubule motors regulates transport and fission of endosomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 252 19864630
2019 The Iron Tug-of-War between Bacterial Siderophores and Innate Immunity. Journal of innate immunity 118 30605903
2016 Tug of war: adding and removing histone lysine methylation in Arabidopsis. Current opinion in plant biology 116 27614255
2022 Molecular tug-of-war: Plant immune recognition of herbivory. The Plant cell 111 35026025
2014 Tug-of-war between driver and passenger mutations in cancer and other adaptive processes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 25277973
2002 Nuclear-cytoplasmic "tug of war" during cloning: effects of somatic cell nuclei on culture medium preferences of preimplantation cloned mouse embryos. Biology of reproduction 100 11906939
2024 A glutamine tug-of-war between cancer and immune cells: recent advances in unraveling the ongoing battle. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 93 38459595
2018 The GPR120 agonist TUG-891 promotes metabolic health by stimulating mitochondrial respiration in brown fat. EMBO molecular medicine 86 29343498
2011 Switches and latches: a biochemical tug-of-war between the kinases and phosphatases that control mitosis. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 83 22084385
2007 The glucose transporter 4-regulating protein TUG is essential for highly insulin-responsive glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry 79 17202135
2011 Detection of ASPL/TFE3 fusion transcripts and the TFE3 antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue in a series of 18 cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma: useful diagnostic tools in cases with unusual histological features. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 65 21279521
2008 A dose-dependent tug of war involving the NPM1 leukaemic mutant, nucleophosmin, and ARF. Leukemia 60 19005479
2019 The Tug-of-War between Plants and Viruses: Great Progress and Many Remaining Questions. Viruses 59 30823402
2019 A Tug-of-War between Cell Shape and Polarity Controls Division Orientation to Ensure Robust Patterning in the Mouse Blastocyst. Developmental cell 58 31735668
2013 A subcellular tug of war involving three MYB-like proteins underlies a molecular antagonism in Antirrhinum flower asymmetry. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 58 23638688
2013 Combining integrated genomics and functional genomics to dissect the biology of a cancer-associated, aberrant transcription factor, the ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion oncoprotein. The Journal of pathology 57 23288701
2013 Assembly of the type II secretion system such as found in Vibrio cholerae depends on the novel Pilotin AspS. PLoS pathogens 55 23326233
2008 Axonal degeneration and regeneration: a mechanistic tug-of-war. Journal of neurochemistry 55 19054282
2015 Tug of war--the influence of opposing physical forces on epithelial cell morphology. Developmental biology 53 25576028
2015 Acetylation of TUG protein promotes the accumulation of GLUT4 glucose transporters in an insulin-responsive intracellular compartment. The Journal of biological chemistry 49 25561724
2012 Endoproteolytic cleavage of TUG protein regulates GLUT4 glucose transporter translocation. The Journal of biological chemistry 49 22610098
2011 The ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing protein TUG regulates the p97 ATPase and resides at the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. The Journal of biological chemistry 49 22207755
2012 Tug of war in the haematopoietic stem cell niche: do myeloma plasma cells compete for the HSC niche? Blood cancer journal 48 22983434
2007 Detection of the ASPSCR1-TFE3 gene fusion in paraffin-embedded alveolar soft part sarcomas. Histopathology 48 17543078
2012 Competitive cell interactions in cancer: a cellular tug of war. Trends in cell biology 47 23219382
2009 The PI3K-PTEN tug-of-war, oxidative stress and retinal degeneration. Trends in molecular medicine 42 19380252
2022 Translation-A tug of war during viral infection. Molecular cell 41 36334591
2013 Smooth muscle actin isoforms: a tug of war between contraction and compliance. European journal of cell biology 41 23915964
2000 Hookworm burden reductions in BALB/c mice vaccinated with recombinant Ancylostoma secreted proteins (ASPs) from Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma caninum and Necator americanus. Vaccine 41 10590331
2019 Bacterial Manipulation of Wnt Signaling: A Host-Pathogen Tug-of-Wnt. Frontiers in immunology 40 31681283
2019 A Tug of War: DNA-Sensing Antiviral Innate Immunity and Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Infection. Frontiers in microbiology 40 31849849
2016 Quantitative interaction mapping reveals an extended UBX domain in ASPL that disrupts functional p97 hexamers. Nature communications 39 27762274
2011 Technique for differentiating alveolar soft part sarcoma from other tumors in paraffin-embedded tissue: comparison of immunohistochemistry for TFE3 and CD147 and of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion transcript. Human pathology 38 21835426
2022 A Tug of War: Pseudorabies Virus and Host Antiviral Innate Immunity. Viruses 37 35336954
2018 Usp25m protease regulates ubiquitin-like processing of TUG proteins to control GLUT4 glucose transporter translocation in adipocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 29773651
2021 Interferons: Tug of War Between Bacteria and Their Host. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 36 33777837
1988 Simultaneous analysis of multiple polymorphic loci using amplified sequence polymorphisms (ASPs). Genomics 36 2906038
2002 Identification and characterization of novel small RNAs in the aspS-yrvM intergenic region of the Bacillus subtilis genome. Microbiology (Reading, England) 34 12177353
2020 Tug-of-war between actomyosin-driven antagonistic forces determines the positioning symmetry in cell-sized confinement. Nature communications 33 32541780
2019 Winning the Tug-of-War Between Effector Gene Design and Pathogen Evolution in Vector Population Replacement Strategies. Frontiers in genetics 32 31737050
2018 Tug of war between Acinetobacter baumannii and host immune responses. Pathogens and disease 31 30657912
2009 Therapeutic vulnerability of an in vivo model of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) to antiangiogenic therapy. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 31 19636271
2021 Insulin-stimulated endoproteolytic TUG cleavage links energy expenditure with glucose uptake. Nature metabolism 30 33686286
2020 Catalysis of proline isomerization and molecular chaperone activity in a tug-of-war. Nature communications 30 33247146
2017 Tiam1/Vav2-Rac1 axis: A tug-of-war between islet function and dysfunction. Biochemical pharmacology 30 28202288
2019 Controlling DNA Tug-of-War in a Dual Nanopore Device. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 29 31192541
2024 Patterns of recombination in snakes reveal a tug-of-war between PRDM9 and promoter-like features. Science (New York, N.Y.) 28 38386752
2018 Biomechanical Control of Lysosomal Secretion Via the VAMP7 Hub: A Tug-of-War between VARP and LRRK1. iScience 28 30240735
2014 Biochemical and structural characterization of mycobacterial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase AspS, a promising TB drug target. PloS one 28 25409504
2016 ASPL-TFE3 Oncoprotein Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Induces Cellular Senescence by Up-Regulating p21. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 27 27673450
2008 Alveolar soft part sarcoma: a bimarker diagnostic strategy using TFE3 immunoassay and ASPL-TFE3 fusion transcripts in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Diagnostic molecular pathology : the American journal of surgical pathology, part B 27 18382356
2022 PEComa-like Neoplasms Characterized by ASPSCR1-TFE3 Fusion: Another Face of TFE3-related Mesenchymal Neoplasia. The American journal of surgical pathology 26 35848761
2021 A glutamine 'tug-of-war': targets to manipulate glutamine metabolism for cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy advances 26 34541580
2021 Metallo-β-lactamases and a tug-of-war for the available zinc at the host-pathogen interface. Current opinion in chemical biology 26 34864439
2020 Viral non-coding RNAs: Stealth strategies in the tug-of-war between humans and herpesviruses. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 26 32631785
2017 A Tug-of-War between Cryptochrome and the Visual System Allows the Adaptation of Evening Activity to Long Photoperiods in Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of biological rhythms 26 29179610
2016 Optical disassembly of cellular clusters by tunable 'tug-of-war' tweezers. Light, science & applications 26 27818838
2023 ASPSCR1::TFE3 orchestrates the angiogenic program of alveolar soft part sarcoma. Nature communications 25 37029109
2022 ASPS Exhibits Anti-Rheumatic Effects by Reprogramming Gut Microbiota and Increasing Serum γ-Glutamylcysteine Level. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 25 36417588
2021 Nuclear translocation of ASPL-TFE3 fusion protein creates favorable metabolism by mediating autophagy in translocation renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 25 33846569
2013 Enhanced fasting glucose turnover in mice with disrupted action of TUG protein in skeletal muscle. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 23744065
2024 Entropy Tug-of-War Determines Solvent Effects in the Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of a Globular Protein. The journal of physical chemistry letters 24 38580324
2016 Engineered Tug-of-War Between Kinesin and Dynein Controls Direction of Microtubule Based Transport In Vivo. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 24 26843027
2015 Hepatitis C virus and antiviral innate immunity: who wins at tug-of-war? World journal of gastroenterology 24 25852264
2016 A tug-of-war between tolerance and rejection - New evidence for 3'UTR HLA-G haplotypes influence in recurrent pregnancy loss. Human immunology 23 27397898
2014 Tug of war between survival and death: exploring ATM function in cancer. International journal of molecular sciences 23 24681585
2021 FFAR1/GPR40: One target, different binding sites, many agonists, no drugs, but a continuous and unprofitable tug-of-war between ligand lipophilicity, activity, and toxicity. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 22 33771587
2009 Direct observation of tug-of-war during the folding of a mutually exclusive protein. Journal of the American Chemical Society 22 19719116
2015 Coordinated Regulation of Vasopressin Inactivation and Glucose Uptake by Action of TUG Protein in Muscle. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 25944897
2012 Robustness analysis of cellular systems using the genetic tug-of-war method. Molecular bioSystems 21 22722869
2021 NK Cells in a Tug-of-War With Cancer: The Roles of Transcription Factors and Cytoskeleton. Frontiers in immunology 20 34594338
2021 Weak multivalent biomolecular interactions: a strength versus numbers tug of war with implications for phase partitioning. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 20 34772790
2012 Giving the right tug for migration: cadherins in tissue movements. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 20 22387375
2005 HIV-1 and the hijacking of dendritic cells: a tug of war. Springer seminars in immunopathology 20 15609004
2015 Newly designed break-apart and ASPL-TFE3 dual-fusion FISH assay are useful in diagnosing Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma and ASPL-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma: a STARD-compliant article. Medicine 19 25984679
2011 IFN-α/β and autophagy: tug-of-war between HCV and the host. Autophagy 19 21997372
2011 ASPS-1, a novel cell line manifesting key features of alveolar soft part sarcoma. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 18 21552147
2006 Solution structure and backbone dynamics of an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain in the GLUT4-regulating protein, TUG. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 17 16501224
2013 Targeted therapies in rare sarcomas: IMT, ASPS, SFT, PEComa, and CCS. Hematology/oncology clinics of North America 16 24093175
2009 Tug of war between continental gene flow and rearing site philopatry in a migratory bird: the sex-biased dispersal paradigm reconsidered. Molecular ecology 16 19207261
2008 Immunohistochemical discrimination between the ASPL-TFE3 fusion proteins of alveolar soft part sarcoma. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 16 18176180
2001 Physiological and metabolic characteristics of elite tug of war athletes. British journal of sports medicine 15 11726473
2022 Tug-of-War between Internal and External Frictions and Viscosity Dependence of Rate in Biological Reactions. Physical review letters 14 35333093
2020 Stable tug-of-war between kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein upon different ATP and roadblock concentrations. Journal of cell science 14 33257498
2019 Evolutionary history of burrowing asps (Lamprophiidae: Atractaspidinae) with emphasis on fang evolution and prey selection. PloS one 14 30995262
2019 Cediranib phase-II study in children with metastatic alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS). Pediatric blood & cancer 14 31502400
2016 Mutant p97 exhibits species-specific changes of its ATPase activity and compromises the UBXD9-mediated monomerisation of p97 hexamers. European journal of cell biology 14 27132113
2024 HTLV-1 Tax Tug-of-War: Cellular Senescence and Death or Cellular Transformation. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 13 38276160
2022 Ubiquitin-like processing of TUG proteins as a mechanism to regulate glucose uptake and energy metabolism in fat and muscle. Frontiers in endocrinology 13 36246906
2019 Docosahexaenoic acid and TUG-891 activate free fatty acid-4 receptor in bovine neutrophils. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 13 30885306
2018 miRNA-mediated 'tug-of-war' model reveals ceRNA propensity of genes in cancers. Molecular oncology 13 29603582
2015 Tug-of-war between corrugation and binding energy: revealing the formation of multiple moiré patterns on a strongly interacting graphene-metal system. Nanoscale 13 25988393
2000 APC and beta-catenin in alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS)--immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis. Pathology, research and practice 13 10834386