Affinage

AQR

RNA helicase aquarius · UniProt O60306

Length
1485 aa
Mass
171.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
72 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 16 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

AQR (Aquarius/IBP160) is a DEAH-box RNA/DNA helicase and core component of the spliceosomal intron-binding complex that drives catalytic activation of the spliceosome and couples splicing to downstream RNA and genome-maintenance processes (PMID:16949364, PMID:37165190). It binds pre-mRNA in a sequence-independent manner ~33–40 nucleotides upstream of the intron branch site (PMID:16949364), and cryo-EM of stalled intermediates places it as the second of two sequentially acting helicases during catalytic activation: after PRP2 strips the RES complex and unfastens the branch helix, AQR enables dissociation of PRP2 along with the SF3A and SF3B complexes, repositioning the branch duplex for catalysis, with its inactivation trapping the BAQR intermediate (PMID:37165190). Its position upstream of the branch site lets AQR mark introns for downstream events — recruiting EJC components to the intron (PMID:17675447), mediating recruitment of the debranching enzyme Dbr1 to the lariat branchpoint (PMID:38816363), and supporting branch-point-based 3' splice site recognition resolvable to single-nucleotide precision by eCLIP (PMID:32252787). Through its RNA:DNA unwinding activity AQR resolves co-transcriptional R-loops; its depletion causes R-loop accumulation that is processed into DNA double-strand breaks by the TC-NER endonucleases XPF and XPG in a CSB-dependent manner (PMID:25435140), and AQR loss impairs homologous recombination through Rad51/RPA foci defects and reduced CtIP levels (PMID:29061988). The same helicase activity is exploited by HIV-1, where AQR within the intron-binding complex associates with viral integrase and promotes integration into R-loop-enriched genomic regions (PMID:40836041). Recurrent hemizygous deletion of AQR is an early clonal cancer event associated with genomic instability and HR-deficiency signatures (PMID:41719398).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1998 Medium

    Established AQR as a distinct gene and gave the first clue to a nucleic-acid-related function, before any biochemical role was known.

    Evidence Gene-trap identification in mouse ES cells with lacZ expression analysis and chromosomal mapping

    PMID:9626505

    Open questions at the time
    • No biochemical activity demonstrated
    • Sequence homology to RdRP/RRP motif only weak and not functionally tested
  2. 2006 High

    Defined where AQR engages the spliceosome — binding pre-mRNA sequence-independently 33-40 nt upstream of the branch site — and showed this binding couples box C/D snoRNP assembly to splicing.

    Evidence In vitro spliceosomal complex isolation, UV crosslinking RNA mapping, depletion and reconstitution

    PMID:16949364

    Open questions at the time
    • Catalytic helicase mechanism not yet resolved
    • Structural placement within spliceosome unknown at this stage
  3. 2007 Medium

    Showed AQR/intron binding links splicing to EJC formation, explaining how the intron contributes to downstream mRNA surveillance.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown with RNA immunoprecipitation and cytoplasmic RNA fractionation

    PMID:17675447

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct AQR-EJC physical contacts not mapped
    • Single-lab two-method support
  4. 2012 Medium

    Extended AQR function to nuclear RNA organization and unspliced-RNA retention, indicating roles beyond catalysis proper.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown with MALAT-1 localization imaging (human); RNAi depletion with fractionation and RIP genetic interaction analysis (C. elegans)

    PMID:22355166 PMID:23149939

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of MALAT-1 retention unresolved
    • Direct vs indirect contribution to nuclear retention not separated
  5. 2014 High

    Identified AQR as an R-loop-resolving helicase whose loss converts unresolved R-loops into DNA double-strand breaks via a defined TC-NER endonuclease pathway.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown with gamma-H2AX/comet DSB assays and genetic epistasis with XPF, XPG, CSB, XPC

    PMID:25435140

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct helicase action on R-loops not reconstituted in this study
    • Cell-cycle dependence not resolved here
  6. 2017 Medium

    Connected AQR-dependent R-loop control to genome repair, showing AQR supports homologous recombination through CtIP-dependent and -independent routes.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with Rad51/RPA foci assays, western blotting, rescue with exogenous AQR and CtIP, genotoxin sensitivity

    PMID:29061988

    Open questions at the time
    • CtIP-independent HR pathway undefined
    • Direct vs splicing-mediated effect on repair factors unclear
  7. 2017 Medium

    Showed in C. elegans that AQR (EMB-4) binds thousands of pre-mRNAs and differentially feeds nuclear small-RNA (CSR-1, HRDE-1) pathways, linking intron binding to RNA silencing.

    Evidence Transcriptome-wide CLIP/RIP-seq, small RNA sequencing, genetics

    PMID:28787592

    Open questions at the time
    • Conservation of small-RNA pathway role to humans not established
    • Mechanism of intron-vs-exon enrichment difference unexplained
  8. 2020 High

    Provided genome-wide, single-nucleotide-resolution evidence that AQR associates with post-lariat-formation intermediates, validating a branch-point scanning model for 3' splice site recognition.

    Evidence eCLIP transcriptome-wide mapping in K562 and HepG2 cells

    PMID:32252787

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not establish catalytic step controlled by AQR
    • Causality of scanning model not tested by perturbation
  9. 2023 High

    Resolved AQR's precise catalytic role: it is the second of two sequential ATP-dependent helicases that completes spliceosome activation by dissociating PRP2, SF3A and SF3B to reposition the branch duplex.

    Evidence Cryo-EM of the stalled BAQR intermediate with helicase inactivation mutants

    PMID:37165190

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of AQR translocation not fully resolved
    • Coupling to downstream EJC/Dbr1 recruitment not structurally captured
  10. 2024 Medium

    Showed AQR's branch-site position physically licenses debranching, recruiting Dbr1 to lariats for post-splicing intron turnover.

    Evidence Co-IP mass spectrometry, DBR1 knockout cells, lariat accumulation assays

    PMID:38816363

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct AQR-Dbr1 contact interface not mapped
    • Single-lab Co-IP MS
  11. 2025 High

    Demonstrated that HIV-1 hijacks AQR's RNA:DNA helicase activity within the intron-binding complex to target integration to R-loop-rich genomic regions.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro integration on R-loop substrates, AQR knockout in primary CD4+ T cells with integration site sequencing

    PMID:40836041

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of AQR-integrase association unknown
    • Physiological consequence of redirected integration not addressed
  12. 2025 Medium

    Clarified AQR's relationship to SF3B1-mutant splicing and to cancer genome instability — AQR loss phenocopies SF3B1 missplicing indirectly via SUGP1, and recurrent AQR deletion drives HR-deficient genomes.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with RNA-seq and SUGP1 westerns; pan-cancer genomics with dependency-map perturbation and mutation-signature analysis

    PMID:40714635 PMID:41719398

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanism linking AQR loss to SUGP1 missplicing unresolved
    • Mechanistic detail of cancer instability inferred from genomic correlation

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How AQR's distinct activities — spliceosome catalysis, R-loop resolution, and reported metabolic/senescence signaling roles — are mechanistically partitioned remains unresolved.
  • Whether metabolic (glucose/mTOR) and senescence (PLAU) phenotypes are direct AQR functions or downstream of splicing defects is untested
  • No structural model unifying RNA-splicing and RNA:DNA helicase modes

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 1 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1
Pathway
R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2
Partners
DBR1HIV-1 INTEGRASEPRP2SF3ASF3B
Complex memberships
exon junction complex (EJC)intron-binding complex (IBC)spliceosome (BAQR intermediate)

Evidence

Reading pass · 16 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2006 IBP160 (AQR) binds pre-mRNA in a sequence-independent manner, contacting nucleotides 33-40 upstream of the intron branch site regardless of whether a snoRNA is present. It is the key spliceosomal factor coupling box C/D snoRNP assembly to intron excision; depletion of IBP160 abrogates snoRNP assembly in vitro. Direct binding of IBP160 to a snoRNA located too close to the branch site interferes with snoRNP assembly. In vitro spliceosomal complex isolation, UV crosslinking/RNA binding assays, depletion experiments, reconstitution Molecular cell High 16949364
2007 EJC components are primarily recruited to the spliceosome by association with the intron via IBP160 (AQR). RNAi knockdown of IBP160 arrests EJC association with cytoplasmic RNAs following nonsense-mediated decay, demonstrating that the intron has a crucial role in early steps of EJC formation. RNAi knockdown, RNA immunoprecipitation, cytoplasmic RNA fractionation Genes & development Medium 17675447
2012 AQR (IBP160) is required for localization of MALAT-1 noncoding RNA to nuclear speckles. RNAi-mediated repression of IBP160 results in diffusion of MALAT-1 to the nucleoplasm. RNAi knockdown, fluorescence localization imaging RNA (New York, N.Y.) Medium 22355166
2014 R-loops induced by depletion of the RNA/DNA helicase AQR (Aquarius) are processed into DNA double-strand breaks by the nucleotide excision repair endonucleases XPF and XPG, and this DSB formation requires the TC-NER factor CSB but not the global genome repair protein XPC. RNAi knockdown of AQR, DSB assays (gamma-H2AX, comet assay), genetic epistasis with NER factors, R-loop detection Molecular cell High 25435140
2017 AQR depletion in human cells causes R-loop-mediated accumulation of DNA damage during S phase. AQR knockdown decreases Rad51 and RPA foci formation after DNA damage, indicating AQR contributes to homologous recombination repair. AQR knockdown also reduces CtIP protein levels; exogenous AQR expression partially restores CtIP levels, but CtIP overproduction alone does not rescue HR deficiency, suggesting AQR regulates HR via both CtIP-dependent and CtIP-independent pathways. siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence foci assays (Rad51, RPA), western blotting, rescue experiments with exogenous AQR and CtIP overexpression, genotoxin sensitivity assays Scientific reports Medium 29061988
2017 The C. elegans ortholog EMB-4/AQR/IBP160 is enriched along pre-mRNAs of ~8,000 transcripts and plays differential roles in CSR-1 and HRDE-1 nuclear 22G-RNA pathways in the germline. EMB-4 complexes are enriched for both intronic and exonic sequences of HRDE-1 targets, while CSR-1 pathway targets are enriched for intronic but not exonic sequences. Transcriptome-wide RNA binding analysis (CLIP/RIP-seq), small RNA sequencing, genetic analysis Developmental cell Medium 28787592
1998 Aquarius (AQR) was identified as a novel gene by gene trap in mouse embryonic stem cells. Its open reading frame contains weak homology to RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and an RRP motif. The gene is expressed in mesoderm, neural crest and its target tissues, and neuroepithelium during embryogenesis. Gene trap screen with lacZ reporter, expression analysis, FISH chromosomal mapping Developmental dynamics Medium 9626505
2020 eCLIP analysis resolved AQR association with spliceosomal intermediates after intronic lariat formation, enabling identification of branch points with single-nucleotide resolution and providing genome-wide validation for a branch point-based scanning model for 3' splice site recognition. eCLIP (enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation) transcriptome-wide mapping in K562 and HepG2 cells Genome biology High 32252787
2023 Cryo-EM structural analysis revealed that catalytic activation of the human spliceosome occurs in two ATP-dependent stages driven by two helicases sequentially: first PRP2, then Aquarius (AQR). Inactivation of AQR leads to stalling of a spliceosome intermediate called the BAQR complex, found halfway through catalytic activation. PRP2 translocates along the intron stripping away the RES complex, opening the SF3B1 clamp, and unfastening the branch helix; AQR then enables dissociation of PRP2 plus SF3A and SF3B complexes, promoting relocation of the branch duplex for catalysis. Cryo-EM structure determination, helicase inactivation mutants, spliceosome stalling and purification Nature High 37165190
2024 AQR (intron binding protein) serves as a mediator for Dbr1 recruitment to the branchpoint. Co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry identified AQR as a Dbr1 interactor. AQR's position upstream of the branch site in the intron-binding complex facilitates debranching enzyme access to lariats after splicing. Co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry, DBR1 knockout cell line, lariat accumulation assays Nature communications Medium 38816363
2025 AQR, as part of the pentameric intron binding complex (IBC), associates with HIV-1 integrase (IN) and its RNA:DNA helicase activity promotes integration into RNA:DNA hybrid (R-loop) substrates in vitro. Knockout of AQR in primary CD4+ T cells impaired overall HIV-1 integration efficiency; remaining integrations mapped to intergenic and R-loop-distal regions. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro integration assay with R-loop substrates, AQR knockout in primary CD4+ T cells, integration site sequencing Nature microbiology High 40836041
2022 AQR overexpression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) promotes cellular senescence, evidenced by increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining, upregulation of CDKN1A (P21), inhibited colony formation, and G2/M arrest. Transcriptomic analysis identified PLAU as a co-expressed downstream effector; knockdown of PLAU rescued senescence-related phenotypes induced by AQR or TNF-α. AQR/PLAU signaling axis mediates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial senescence. AQR overexpression and knockdown in HUVECs, senescence assays (beta-galactosidase, P21, colony formation, cell cycle), transcriptomics, PLAU knockdown rescue experiments International journal of molecular sciences Medium 35270021
2018 Knockdown of AQR in HepG2 cells facilitated glucose uptake, decreased PCK2 expression, increased GSK-3β phosphorylation, restored insulin sensitivity, and inhibited the mTOR pathway and protein ubiquitination process, establishing AQR as a regulator of signaling pathways critical for glucose metabolism. siRNA knockdown in HepG2 cells, glucose uptake assay, western blotting for signaling components, gene expression analysis Journal of genetics and genomics Medium 29502958
2025 AQR knockdown was found to reproduce ~40% of SF3B1 hotspot mutant missplicing defects. However, AQR knockdown caused significant SUGP1 missplicing and reduced SUGP1 protein levels, indicating that AQR loss reproduces mutant SF3B1 splicing defects only indirectly through effects on SUGP1. Computational screen of 600 splicing proteins, siRNA knockdown, RNA-seq splicing analysis, western blotting for SUGP1 Cell reports Medium 40714635
2012 In C. elegans, depletion of IBP160 (AQR ortholog) along with other splicing factors resulted in cytoplasmic leakage of unspliced RNAs. Y14 physical interaction with pre-mRNA and spliceosomal U snRNAs (especially U2 snRNA) was abolished when both IBP160 and PRP19 were depleted, suggesting IBP160 is required for EJC recruitment onto introns and interaction with U2 snRNP to provide a nuclear retention signal for unspliced RNAs. RNAi depletion in C. elegans, RNA fractionation, RIP (RNA immunoprecipitation), genetic interaction analysis Molecular and cellular biology Medium 23149939
2025 AQR is recurrently hemizygously deleted as an early clonal event in cancer genomes, and these deletions are associated with elevated structural variants and point mutation signatures indicative of homologous recombination deficiency. Functional perturbation screens confirm that AQR loss contributes to genomic instability. Pan-cancer genomic analysis, functional perturbation screens (dependency maps), structural variant and mutation signature analysis Science advances Medium 41719398

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 72 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair factors promote R-loop-induced genome instability. Molecular cell 486 25435140
1973 Cell-mediated lympholysis. Importance of serologically defined H-2 regions. The Journal of experimental medicine 271 4267208
2012 Identification of cis- and trans-acting factors involved in the localization of MALAT-1 noncoding RNA to nuclear speckles. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 202 22355166
2020 Principles of RNA processing from analysis of enhanced CLIP maps for 150 RNA binding proteins. Genome biology 178 32252787
2005 Experience-dependent modulation of C. elegans behavior by ambient oxygen. Current biology : CB 170 15916947
2002 Antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to body fluid regulate social feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 155 12410311
1990 Thymus: a direct target tissue in graft-versus-host reaction after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation that results in abrogation of induction of self-tolerance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 2117278
2011 Neuronal and molecular substrates for optimal foraging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89 22135454
2006 A spliceosomal intron binding protein, IBP160, links position-dependent assembly of intron-encoded box C/D snoRNP to pre-mRNA splicing. Molecular cell 86 16949364
1976 Histocompatibility antigens controlled by the I region of the murine H-2 complex. I. Mapping of H-2A and H-2C loci. The Journal of experimental medicine 74 775014
1977 Histocompatibility antigens controlled by the I region of the murine H-2 complex. II. K/D region compatibility is not required for I-region cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity. The Journal of experimental medicine 70 833548
2005 Interactions of UNC-34 Enabled with Rac GTPases and the NIK kinase MIG-15 in Caenorhabditis elegans axon pathfinding and neuronal migration. Genetics 57 16204220
2007 Introns play an essential role in splicing-dependent formation of the exon junction complex. Genes & development 55 17675447
2023 Helicases in R-loop Formation and Resolution. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 37778731
2013 An Sp1 transcription factor coordinates caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. Nature 50 23851392
2023 Structural basis of catalytic activation in human splicing. Nature 49 37165190
2022 Hyperglycemia Promotes Endothelial Cell Senescence through AQR/PLAU Signaling Axis. International journal of molecular sciences 45 35270021
2009 Disentangling impulsiveness, aggressiveness and impulsive aggression: an empirical approach using self-report measures. Psychiatry research 41 19464063
1982 Delayed-type hypersensitivity and allograft rejection in the mouse: correlation of effector cell phenotype. Immunology 40 7044959
2017 Aquarius is required for proper CtIP expression and homologous recombination repair. Scientific reports 39 29061988
1978 Lung tumor-associated derepressed alloantigen coded for by the K region of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex. The Journal of experimental medicine 38 418138
1995 The virus causing encephalomyelitis in sheep in Spain: a new member of the tick-borne encephalitis group. Research in veterinary science 37 7709053
1989 Enhancement of thyroid allograft survival following organ culture. Alteration of tissue immunogenicity. Transplantation 36 2911873
1990 The role of CD8+ and CD4+ cells in islet allograft rejection. Transplantation 34 1973311
1998 Aquarius, a novel gene isolated by gene trapping with an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motif. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 30 9626505
2012 A specific set of exon junction complex subunits is required for the nuclear retention of unspliced RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecular and cellular biology 27 23149939
1988 The same MHC recombinational hot spots are active in crossing-over between wild/wild and wild/inbred mouse chromosomes. Immunogenetics 26 2891614
2017 The Conserved Intron Binding Protein EMB-4 Plays Differential Roles in Germline Small RNA Pathways of C. elegans. Developmental cell 25 28787592
2006 SnoRNP biogenesis meets Pre-mRNA splicing. Molecular cell 25 16973429
2005 Falciparum malaria in the north of Laos: the occurrence and implications of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene haplotype SVMNT. Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH 25 16359407
1986 Anti-bacterial immunity to Listeria monocytogenes in allogeneic bone marrow chimera in mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 21 2871109
2017 Acquired resistance to PI3K/mTOR inhibition is associated with mitochondrial DNA mutation and glycolysis. Oncotarget 20 29299135
2012 Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway required for immune homeostasis is neurally controlled by arrestin-1. The Journal of biological chemistry 20 22875856
2013 Assessment of pfcrt 72-76 haplotypes eight years after chloroquine withdrawal in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Malaria journal 17 24359280
2017 Synergism between soluble guanylate cyclase signaling and neuropeptides extends lifespan in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging cell 16 28054425
2015 SDN-1/Syndecan Acts in Parallel to the Transmembrane Molecule MIG-13 to Promote Anterior Neuroblast Migration. G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 15 26022293
2024 The debranching enzyme Dbr1 regulates lariat turnover and intron splicing. Nature communications 14 38816363
1998 Immunocytochemical localization of a putative inhibitory amino acid receptor subunit in the parasitic nematodes Haemonchus contortus and Ascaris suum. Parasitology 14 9695104
2024 A multi-omics study to monitor senescence-associated secretory phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease. Annals of clinical and translational neurology 13 38605603
2018 AQR is a novel type 2 diabetes-associated gene that regulates signaling pathways critical for glucose metabolism. Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao 13 29502958
1987 A quantitative analysis of antigen-triggered lymphokine production by activated T cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 13 3492543
2016 The Caenorhabditis elegans NF2/Merlin Molecule NFM-1 Nonautonomously Regulates Neuroblast Migration and Interacts Genetically with the Guidance Cue SLT-1/Slit. Genetics 12 27913619
2019 Genome-wide association study for insect bite hypersensitivity susceptibility in horses revealed novel associated loci on chromosome 1. Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie 11 31489730
2013 Prevalence and characterization of quinolone resistance in Laribacter hongkongensis from grass carp and Chinese tiger frog. Journal of medical microbiology 11 23906590
2020 Genome-Wide Association of Kidney Traits in Hispanics/Latinos Using Dense Imputed Whole-Genome Sequencing Data: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 10 32600054
1986 Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to allo-H-2 antigens in allogeneic bone marrow chimeras histocompatible at the H-2 subregions. Immunobiology 10 3490429
2019 Exon junction complex components Y14 and Mago still play a role in budding yeast. Scientific reports 8 30696855
1990 Roles of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in islet allo- and xeno-graft rejection. Hormone and metabolic research. Supplement series 8 1982441
2024 Pheromone-based communication influences the production of somatic extracellular vesicles in C. elegans. Nature communications 7 38548742
2020 The Predicted RNA-Binding Protein ETR-1/CELF1 Acts in Muscles To Regulate Neuroblast Migration in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 7 32398235
1996 Genetic control of in vivo tumor necrosis factor production in mice. Clinical immunology and immunopathology 7 8635284
1997 Influence of graft versus host reaction on the T cell repertoire differentiating from bone marrow precursors following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplant immunology 6 9269028
2022 Caenorhabditis elegans ETR-1/CELF has broad effects on the muscle cell transcriptome, including genes that regulate translation and neuroblast migration. BMC genomics 5 34986795
2025 Aquarius helicase facilitates HIV-1 integration into R-loop enriched genomic regions. Nature microbiology 4 40836041
2025 Direct and indirect effects of spliceosome disruption compromise gene regulation by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. RNA biology 4 40856040
1996 MHC class II tolerant T cells undergo apoptosis upon re-exposure to tolerogen in vivo. Transplant immunology 4 8762018
1990 Lymphokine release as measurement of anti-mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV3) cellular reactions in various mouse lines exhibiting differential susceptibilities to MHV3-induced paralysis. Acta virologica 4 1981453
2025 SUGP1 loss drives SF3B1 hotspot mutant missplicing in cancer. Cell reports 3 40714635
2021 GRDN-1/Girdin regulates dendrite morphogenesis and cilium position in two specialized sensory neuron types in C. elegans. Developmental biology 3 33460640
2016 Acquired resistance to combination treatment through loss of synergy with MEK and PI3K inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 3 27081080
2024 Regulator of Lipid Metabolism NHR-49 Mediates Pathogen Avoidance through Precise Control of Neuronal Activity. Cells 2 38891110
2024 Direct and indirect effects of spliceosome disruption compromise gene regulation by Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2 39763844
2023 The debranching enzyme Dbr1 regulates lariat turnover and intron splicing. Research square 2 37398028
2021 Genome-wide association studies of stress score in a Korean Cohort. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2 34698592
1984 T cell determinant mapping between K and I-A with I-region properties. Experimental and clinical immunogenetics 2 6101096
2023 Amodiaquine drug pressure selects nonsynonymous mutations in pantothenate kinase 1, diacylglycerol kinase, and phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase in Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Open research Africa 1 38915420
2026 Hemizygous loss of helicases promotes genomic instability and cancer development. Science advances 0 41719398
2026 Combined Antibacterial-Osteogenic Modulation of Orthopedic Implants through Thermo-Induced Bioinspired Interfacial Activation. ACS applied materials & interfaces 0 41922180
2025 SUGP1 loss is the sole driver of SF3B1 hotspot mutant missplicing in cancer. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 40027711
2025 Structural and functional implications of MIT2 and NT2 mutations in amodiaquine and piperaquine resistant Plasmodium berghei parasites. Experimental parasitology 0 40032183
2025 Structure-property relationship and design of carbazole naphthalene-based linear materials for organic and perovskite photovoltaics. RSC advances 0 40969829
2024 Transcriptional genes of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A in sciatic nerve injuries by bioinformatics. Neuroreport 0 38935077

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