- Length
- 193 aa
- Mass
- 21.7 kDa
- Annotated
- 2026-04-28
47 papers in source corpus
9 papers cited in narrative
9 extracted findings
Mechanistic narrative
Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below
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Mechanism profile
Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
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Evidence
Reading pass · 9 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
| Year | Finding | Method | Journal | Conf | PMIDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | AP3S1 (CLAPS3) was identified as a novel gene encoding a peptide homologous to clathrin-adaptor small chains (sigma subunits) in rat, mouse, and yeast, with a 193-amino-acid open reading frame and ubiquitous expression across human tissues; it was mapped to chromosome 12p13.2→p13.1 by FISH. | cDNA library cloning, Northern blot analysis, FISH chromosomal mapping | Cytogenetics and cell genetics | Medium | 8697810 |
| 1997 | AP3S1 encodes sigma3A, one of two sigma3 isoforms (sigma3A and sigma3B) that are components of the AP-3 heterotetrameric complex (also containing p47A/mu3, delta, and beta3 subunits). The complex localizes to the TGN region and peripheral structures including transferrin receptor-positive endosomes, and recognizes the tyrosine-based sorting signal YQRL via its medium chain (p47A), implicating AP3S1/sigma3A in tyrosine-based sorting. | Northern blot, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence microscopy, tyrosine-signal binding assay | The EMBO journal | High | 9118953 |
| 1997 | Sigma3 (AP3S1) is confirmed as a subunit of the AP-3 adaptor-like complex. Immunofluorescence with anti-delta antibodies shows AP-3 associates with the Golgi region and peripheral post-TGN structures. The delta subunit is homologous to the Drosophila garnet gene product, linking AP-3 (and thus AP3S1) to lysosome/pigment granule trafficking pathways. | EST database search, cDNA cloning, antibody generation against recombinant subunits, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence microscopy | The Journal of cell biology | High | 9151686 |
| 1998 | The AP-3 complex (containing AP3S1/sigma3) associates with clathrin through direct interaction of the beta3 appendage domain with the amino-terminal domain of clathrin heavy chain, via a conserved clathrin-binding consensus motif. AP-3 and clathrin colocalize in cells by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, indicating AP3S1-containing AP-3 functions as part of a clathrin coat. | In vitro binding assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy | Science | High | 9545220 |
| 2003 | The AP-3 complex (which includes AP3S1/sigma3) selectively mediates targeting of the zinc transporter ZnT3 to synaptic vesicles. ZnT3's cytosolic tail interacted with AP-3 in cell-free assays, and ZnT3 synaptic vesicle content was reduced in AP-3-deficient (mocha) neurons, while synaptophysin (routed via AP-2) was unaffected, demonstrating that AP-3 generates a molecularly distinct synaptic vesicle subpopulation. | Cell-free binding assay (AP-3 tail interaction), pharmacological disruption of vesicle biogenesis, immunoisolation of vesicle subpopulations, analysis of AP-3-deficient (mocha) mouse neurons | Molecular biology of the cell | High | 14657250 |
| 2005 | AP-3 (containing AP3S1/sigma3) functions independently of AP-1 in sorting tyrosinase from tubular early endosomes to melanosomes. Both AP-3 and AP-1 recognize the tyrosinase dileucine-based melanosome sorting signal and localize to clathrin-coated buds on endosomes. In AP-3-deficient melanocytes, tyrosinase accumulates in multivesicular endosomes, with compensatory increase in AP-1-dependent sorting, demonstrating partially redundant endosome-to-melanosome pathways. | Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy in AP-3-deficient melanocytes, dileucine-signal recognition assay, analysis of mocha (AP-3-null) melanocytes | Molecular biology of the cell | High | 16162817 |
| 2010 | Partial knockdown of Ap3s1 (and Ap1s1) in zebrafish sensitized developing melanocytes to hypopigmentation under low-copper environmental conditions, demonstrating that AP3S1-dependent intracellular trafficking is required for copper loading into cuproproteins (such as tyrosinase) in melanocytes. Yeast chemical-genetic profiles confirmed that defects in trafficking pathways cause sensitivity to copper depletion. | Morpholino-based knockdown in zebrafish, phenotypic analysis of melanocyte pigmentation, yeast chemical-genetic screening | Disease models & mechanisms | Medium | 20713646 |
| 2024 | AP3S1 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells reduced tumor cell migration and invasion through modulation of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway, suggesting AP3S1 has a regulatory role in tumor cell motility linked to this pathway. | siRNA knockdown in ovarian cancer cell lines, migration and invasion assays, TGF-β/SMAD pathway analysis | European journal of medical research | Low | 38609993 |
| 2024 | AP3S1 protein was identified as a novel interactor with multiple HPAI H7N9 viral proteins (hemagglutinin, matrix 1, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, PB1, PB2) by co-immunoprecipitation, suggesting AP3S1-dependent intracellular trafficking participates in the life cycle of highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 in human cells. | siRNA knockdown screen, co-immunoprecipitation of AP3S1 with viral proteins | Heliyon | Low | 38560106 |
Source papers
Stage 0 corpus · 47 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
| Year | Title | Journal | Citations | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 1479 | 12477932 |
| 2015 | The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. | Cell | 1118 | 26186194 |
| 2017 | Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. | Nature | 1085 | 28514442 |
| 2015 | A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. | Cell | 1015 | 26496610 |
| 2003 | Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. | Nature genetics | 754 | 14702039 |
| 2021 | Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. | Cell | 705 | 33961781 |
| 2012 | A census of human soluble protein complexes. | Cell | 689 | 22939629 |
| 2011 | Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. | Briefings in bioinformatics | 656 | 21873635 |
| 2018 | High-Density Proximity Mapping Reveals the Subcellular Organization of mRNA-Associated Granules and Bodies. | Molecular cell | 580 | 29395067 |
| 2004 | The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). | Genome research | 438 | 15489334 |
| 2022 | OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 432 | 35271311 |
| 2015 | Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. | Nature | 407 | 26344197 |
| 2021 | A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. | Nature | 339 | 34079125 |
| 1997 | AP-3: an adaptor-like protein complex with ubiquitous expression. | The EMBO journal | 332 | 9118953 |
| 1998 | Association of the AP-3 adaptor complex with clathrin. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 319 | 9545220 |
| 1997 | Characterization of the adaptor-related protein complex, AP-3. | The Journal of cell biology | 318 | 9151686 |
| 2012 | A high-throughput approach for measuring temporal changes in the interactome. | Nature methods | 273 | 22863883 |
| 2004 | Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation. | Nature biotechnology | 266 | 15146197 |
| 2005 | Functions of adaptor protein (AP)-3 and AP-1 in tyrosinase sorting from endosomes to melanosomes. | Molecular biology of the cell | 213 | 16162817 |
| 2015 | A deep proteomics perspective on CRM1-mediated nuclear export and nucleocytoplasmic partitioning. | eLife | 198 | 26673895 |
| 2019 | A protein-interaction network of interferon-stimulated genes extends the innate immune system landscape. | Nature immunology | 159 | 30833792 |
| 2009 | Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of HuR by heat shock. | The EMBO journal | 142 | 19322201 |
| 2022 | A comprehensive SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactome reveals COVID-19 pathobiology and potential host therapeutic targets. | Nature biotechnology | 140 | 36217030 |
| 2019 | Systematic bromodomain protein screens identify homologous recombination and R-loop suppression pathways involved in genome integrity. | Genes & development | 110 | 31753913 |
| 2010 | Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score. | Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) | 108 | 20379614 |
| 2003 | The zinc transporter ZnT3 interacts with AP-3 and it is preferentially targeted to a distinct synaptic vesicle subpopulation. | Molecular biology of the cell | 100 | 14657250 |
| 2014 | Proteomic analysis of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) interactome and post-translational modifications associated with receptor endocytosis in response to EGF and stress. | Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP | 99 | 24797263 |
| 2020 | Targeting TRIM37-driven centrosome dysfunction in 17q23-amplified breast cancer. | Nature | 93 | 32908313 |
| 2018 | Proteomic profiling of VCP substrates links VCP to K6-linked ubiquitylation and c-Myc function. | EMBO reports | 92 | 29467282 |
| 2012 | Charting the landscape of tandem BRCT domain-mediated protein interactions. | Science signaling | 92 | 22990118 |
| 2003 | Genomic evidence for the absence of a functional cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in mice and rats. | Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology | 64 | 12798933 |
| 2010 | Combined zebrafish-yeast chemical-genetic screens reveal gene-copper-nutrition interactions that modulate melanocyte pigmentation. | Disease models & mechanisms | 37 | 20713646 |
| 1999 | A physical, transcript, and deletion map of chromosome region 12p12.3 flanked by ETV6 and CDKN1B: hypermethylation of the LRP6 CpG island in two leukemia patients with hemizygous del(12p). | Genomics | 28 | 10036184 |
| 2013 | Common fusion transcripts identified in colorectal cancer cell lines by high-throughput RNA sequencing. | Translational oncology | 27 | 24151535 |
| 1996 | Cloning, expression pattern and mapping to 12p 13.2 --> p13.1 of CLAPS3, a gene encoding a novel clathrin-adaptor small chain. | Cytogenetics and cell genetics | 12 | 8697810 |
| 2022 | Integrative Genomic Analyses of 1,145 Patient Samples Reveal New Biomarkers in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. | Frontiers in molecular biosciences | 11 | 35127817 |
| 2006 | Downregulation of genes encoding for subunits of adaptor complex-3 in cervical carcinomas. | Biochemistry. Biokhimiia | 9 | 17125464 |
| 2022 | The integrative network of circRNA, miRNA and mRNA of epicardial adipose tissue in patients with atrial fibrillation. | American journal of translational research | 8 | 36247236 |
| 1999 | Fine physical and transcript mapping of a 1.8 Mb region spanning the locus for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia on chromosome 12p12. 3. | Gene | 8 | 10580149 |
| 2025 | Molecular patterns and mechanisms of tumorigenesis in HPV-associated and HPV-independent sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. | Nature communications | 7 | 40500270 |
| 2024 | Host proteins interact with viral elements and affect the life cycle of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H7N9. | Heliyon | 5 | 38560106 |
| 2017 | Genetic diagnosis of a Chinese multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A family through whole genome sequencing. | Journal of biosciences | 5 | 28569245 |
| 2023 | Resveratrol ameliorates intestinal lipid metabolism through the PPAR signaling pathway in high-fat diet-fed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). | Fish & shellfish immunology | 4 | 38128680 |
| 2016 | High-Content Analysis of the Golgi Complex by Correlative Screening Microscopy. | Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) | 3 | 27632005 |
| 2024 | Functional analysis and validation of oncodrive gene AP3S1 in ovarian cancer through filtering of mutation data from whole-exome sequencing. | European journal of medical research | 2 | 38609993 |
| 2024 | Molecular patterns and mechanisms of tumorigenesis in HPV-associated and HPV-independent sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. | bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology | 2 | 38979305 |
| 2026 | Autophagy-Mitophagy Pathway-Linked Genetic Variants Associate with Systemic Inflammation and Interact with Dietary Factors in Asian and European Cohorts. | International journal of molecular sciences | 0 | 41977248 |