Affinage

AHRR

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor · UniProt A9YTQ3

Length
697 aa
Mass
75.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 14 papers cited in narrative 14 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

AHRR (AhRR) is a bHLH-PAS transcription factor that heterodimerizes with ARNT to repress AhR-driven xenobiotic gene transcription, acting within a feedback loop in which its own expression is dependent on AhR signaling and induced by AhR ligands (PMID:16205913). The reconstituted AhRR-ARNT heterodimer binds xenobiotic response element (XRE/AHRE) sequences with full DNA-binding activity, and binding of both AhR-ARNT and AhRR-ARNT is sensitive to CpG methylation within the XRE core (PMID:12944374). The crystal structure of the AhRR-ARNT complex shows an asymmetric, intertwined domain organization in which the ARNT PAS-B domain adopts a distinct arrangement, establishing that AhRR represses AhR both by competitive sequestration of ARNT and target DNA and through an additional AhRR-ARNT-specific repression mechanism (PMID:28904176). Genome-wide ChIP-Seq shows AHRR occupies thousands of chromatin regions, many shared with AHR and enriched near promoters but also a large set of unique sites, consistent with context- and gene-specific repression (PMID:28681081). AHRR expression is constrained post-transcriptionally: the ARE-binding protein tristetraprolin binds the AHRR 3'UTR and destabilizes its mRNA (PMID:23583445). Physiologically, AHRR restrains specific inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, CXCL2, CXCL3) and protects against acute TCDD toxicity in vivo (PMID:26862745), contributes to intestinal immune homeostasis with susceptibility to DSS-colitis when dietary AhR ligands are absent (PMID:32366032), and protects airway epithelial cells from cigarette-smoke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and death (PMID:36359818). A recurrent t(5;8) translocation generates an AHRR/NCOA2 fusion in soft tissue angiofibroma that retains the AHRR bHLH-PAS domain but replaces its repressor domain with NCOA2 activation domains, converting it to an activator and upregulating AHR target genes such as CYP1A1 (PMID:22337624).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 2003 High

    Established that AhRR is a bona fide ARNT-partnering, XRE-binding factor by reconstituting the heterodimer and demonstrating direct, methylation-sensitive DNA binding.

    Evidence Recombinant co-expression of AhRR-ARNT bHLH-PAS domains in E. coli with EMSA and methylation interference

    PMID:12944374

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve how AhRR-ARNT binding differs structurally from AhR-ARNT
    • Genome-wide binding repertoire not addressed
  2. 2006 Medium

    Defined the AhR-AhRR feedback architecture by showing baseline AhRR expression is AhR-dependent and ligand-inducible in a tissue-specific manner.

    Evidence qRT-PCR in wild-type and AhR-/- mouse tissues with benzo(a)pyrene dose-response

    PMID:16205913

    Open questions at the time
    • Constitutive high expression in heart and brain unexplained
    • Functional consequence of tissue-restricted induction not tested
  3. 2006 Medium

    First linked AhRR overexpression to altered proliferation and cell-cycle gene expression in breast cancer cells, hinting at roles beyond xenobiotic repression.

    Evidence Stable AhRR overexpression in MCF-7 with proliferation assays and RT-PCR of cell cycle/estrogen-responsive genes

    PMID:16755028

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism connecting AhRR to E2F/cyclin E1/PCNA repression not established
    • No epistasis placement
  4. 2012 High

    Demonstrated the functional importance of the AHRR repressor domain in disease by identifying an AHRR/NCOA2 fusion that converts AHRR into an activator of AHR targets.

    Evidence Cytogenetics, FISH, RT-PCR and global expression analysis of soft tissue angiofibromas

    PMID:22337624

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transforming activity of fusion not reconstituted
    • Tumor-initiating mechanism beyond target-gene upregulation unknown
  5. 2012 Medium

    Challenged the assumption that AhRR is the principal repressor of CYP1 enzyme activity in fibroblasts via a negative genetic result.

    Evidence Primary human skin fibroblasts and AhRR-knockout MEFs with CYP1 enzyme activity assays and trichostatin A treatment

    PMID:22951721

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not generalize beyond fibroblast systems
    • Alternative repressors of CYP1 activity not identified
  6. 2013 High

    Identified post-transcriptional control of AHRR levels through ARE-mediated mRNA destabilization by tristetraprolin.

    Evidence TTP gain/loss-of-function, mRNA stability assay, RNA EMSA, and ARE point mutagenesis

    PMID:23583445

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological signals controlling TTP-AHRR axis not defined
    • In vivo relevance not tested
  7. 2016 High

    Provided in vivo evidence that AhRR suppresses specific inflammatory cytokines and protects against acute TCDD toxicity.

    Evidence AhRR transgenic mice with TCDD challenge, cytokine profiling, survival, and hepatotoxicity markers

    PMID:26862745

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-type origin of cytokine suppression not resolved
    • Whether effect is purely AhR-repression-dependent unclear
  8. 2017 High

    Resolved the structural basis of AhRR repression, showing both competitive ARNT/DNA sequestration and an AhRR-specific repression mechanism.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of the AhRR-ARNT heterodimer

    PMID:28904176

    Open questions at the time
    • AhRR-ARNT-specific repression mechanism not mechanistically dissected
    • Full-length protein and coregulator interfaces not in structure
  9. 2017 High

    Mapped the genome-wide AHRR binding landscape, revealing extensive AHR-shared and AHRR-unique promoter-proximal sites consistent with gene-specific repression.

    Evidence ChIP-Seq, ChIP-qPCR, and luciferase reporters in TCDD-treated MCF-7 cells

    PMID:28681081

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional output of AHRR-unique sites largely uncharacterized
    • Coregulator recruitment at unique sites unknown
  10. 2017 Medium

    Described a non-canonical role for AHRR as a cytoplasmic/nuclear co-factor in NF-κB-driven inflammation via LINC00305 and LIMR.

    Evidence Co-IP, overexpression/siRNA, immunofluorescence, and NF-κB reporter assays in THP-1 monocytes

    PMID:28393844

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab observation of non-canonical pro-inflammatory function
    • Reconciliation with AHRR's anti-inflammatory role in vivo not addressed
  11. 2020 Medium

    Showed AHRR contributes to intestinal immune homeostasis, with dietary AhR-ligand-driven expression and colitis susceptibility upon ligand deprivation.

    Evidence AhRR-reporter, AhRR-knockout and AhR-knockout mice with dietary I3C, DSS-colitis, and microbiota profiling

    PMID:32366032

    Open questions at the time
    • Immune cell subset mediating protection not pinpointed
    • Mechanism linking AHRR to microbiota shifts unclear
  12. 2022 Medium

    Demonstrated that AHRR protects airway epithelial cells from cigarette-smoke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and death.

    Evidence CRISPR/Cas9 AHRR knockout in 16HBE cells with proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis/necroptosis assays

    PMID:36359818

    Open questions at the time
    • Single cell line; in vivo airway relevance not tested
    • Molecular link between AHRR and mitochondrial protection unknown
  13. 2022 Low

    Proposed a pro-tumorigenic AHRR function in head and neck cancer through ARNT/EPAS1-driven VEGFD induction and lymphangiogenesis.

    Evidence AHRR transgenic and knockout mice with Western blot and ARNT-EPAS1 Co-IP

    PMID:35261785

    Open questions at the time
    • Low-confidence single study with limited mechanistic detail
    • Direct transcriptional control of VEGFD by AHRR not established
  14. 2025 Low

    Implicated m6A/FTO regulation in setting AHRR expression and thereby AhR-mediated CYP1A1 induction.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown of METTL3/ALKBH5/FTO in A549 cells with RT-PCR and CYP1A1 induction assays

    PMID:40118351

    Open questions at the time
    • m6A modification of AHRR mRNA not directly mapped
    • Inference rests on indirect knockdown effects

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How AHRR's canonical anti-inflammatory transcriptional repression is reconciled with its reported pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic context-dependent functions remains unresolved.
  • Coregulators recruited at AHRR-unique binding sites unknown
  • Mechanistic basis of cytoprotective and context-specific roles undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 2
Partners
AHRARNTEPAS1LIMRNCOA2ZBTB7B
Complex memberships
AhRR-ARNT heterodimer

Evidence

Reading pass · 14 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2017 Crystal structure of the AhRR-ARNT heterodimer determined by X-ray crystallography revealed an asymmetric intertwined domain organization. The structure showed that the bHLH-PAS-A region of AhRR-ARNT is similar to AhR-ARNT, but the PAS-B domain of ARNT adopts a distinct arrangement in the AhRR complex. The structure demonstrated that AhRR competitively represses AhR binding to both ARNT and target DNA, and suggested an additional AhRR-ARNT-specific repression mechanism. X-ray crystallography of AhRR-ARNT heterodimer complex The Journal of biological chemistry High 28904176
2003 Heterodimeric bHLH-PAS domains from AhRR and ARNT were co-expressed in E. coli, and the purified AhRR-ARNT heterodimer exhibited full DNA-binding activity at xenobiotic response element (XRE) sequences. Methylation of the two CpG sites within the XRE core sequence reduced binding affinity of both AhR-ARNT and AhRR-ARNT heterodimers, with 5-methylcytosine at the AhR recognition site showing greater inhibitory effect than at the Arnt recognition site. Recombinant co-expression in E. coli, EMSA/DNA-binding activity assay, methylation interference assay Journal of biochemistry High 12944374
2012 In soft tissue angiofibroma, a recurrent chromosomal translocation t(5;8)(p15;q13) generates an in-frame AHRR/NCOA2 fusion transcript in which the C-terminal repressor domain of AHRR is replaced by the two activation domains of NCOA2. The AHRR/NCOA2 fusion protein retains the N-terminal bHLH-PAS domain of AHRR (responsible for XRE recognition and ARNT heterodimerization) but lacks the repressor domain. Global gene expression analysis confirmed upregulation of canonical AHR target genes including CYP1A1 and toll-like receptor genes in tumors bearing this fusion. Cytogenetic analysis, FISH, RT-PCR for fusion transcripts, global gene expression analysis Genes, chromosomes & cancer High 22337624
2017 Genome-wide ChIP-Seq in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells treated with TCDD identified 2811 AHRR-bound chromatin regions, of which 974 (35%) overlapped with AHR-bound regions and 994 were unique to AHRR. AHRR-bound regions mapped preferentially closer to promoters compared to AHR-bound regions. The AHR response element (AHRE) motif was enriched in both shared and unique AHRR-bound regions. Unique AHRR-bound regions were validated by ChIP-qPCR and shown to regulate gene expression by luciferase reporter assay, supporting context- and gene-specific repression by AHRR. ChIP-Seq, ChIP-qPCR, luciferase reporter assay in MCF-7 cells Archives of toxicology High 28681081
2013 Tristetraprolin (TTP), an AU-rich element (ARE)-binding protein, suppresses AHRR expression post-transcriptionally by binding directly to AREs in the AHRR 3'UTR, destabilizing AHRR mRNA. TTP overexpression decreased AHRR mRNA stability and protein levels, while TTP siRNA knockdown increased AHRR expression. RNA EMSA confirmed direct TTP binding to the AHRR 3'UTR. Point mutations in AREs abolished TTP-mediated destabilization. TTP overexpression and siRNA knockdown, mRNA stability assay, RNA EMSA, ARE point mutagenesis FEBS letters High 23583445
2016 Transgenic mice overexpressing AhRR (AhRR Tg) showed significantly attenuated TCDD-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, CXCL2, and CXCL3 in white adipose tissue compared to wild-type mice. AhRR Tg male mice were protected from high-dose TCDD-induced lethality, with reduced inflammatory response and lower levels of TCDD-induced alanine aminotransferase and hepatic triglycerides, identifying AhRR as a regulator of specific inflammatory cytokines and a protector against acute TCDD toxicity in vivo. AhRR transgenic mice, TCDD treatment, cytokine expression analysis, flow cytometry for immune cell infiltration, hepatotoxicity markers Environmental health perspectives High 26862745
2017 LINC00305, a long non-coding RNA, interacted with lipocalin-1 interacting membrane receptor (LIMR), enhanced the LIMR–AHRR protein interaction, and promoted nuclear localization of AHRR in THP-1 monocytes. This LINC00305-mediated LIMR–AHRR cooperation activated NF-κB, inducing inflammatory cytokine expression. AHRR was required for LINC00305-mediated NF-κB activation, as NF-κB activation occurred exclusively in the presence of both LIMR and AHRR. Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression studies, siRNA knockdown of AHRR/LIMR, immunofluorescence for nuclear localization, NF-κB reporter assay in THP-1 cells Scientific reports Medium 28393844
2006 Stable overexpression of AhRR in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells (MCFRR4 line) resulted in slower cell growth compared to parental MCF-7 cells, with decreased mRNA levels of cell cycle-related genes E2F, cyclin E1, and PCNA, and the estrogen-responsive gene cathepsin D. Cyclin D1 mRNA was enhanced, while Rb, p27Kip1, c-myc, and hsp27 were unaffected. Stable transfection/overexpression of AhRR in MCF-7 cells, cell proliferation assay (MTS), RT-PCR for cell cycle and estrogen-responsive genes Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Medium 16755028
2006 AhRR mRNA tissue distribution in C57BL/6 mice showed constitutively high expression in heart and brain, with low levels in other tissues. In AhR-deficient mice, AhRR mRNA levels were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than in wild-type, demonstrating that baseline AhRR expression is dependent on AhR signaling. Treatment with benzo(a)pyrene induced AhRR expression in liver, spleen, lung, and ovary, but not in brain and heart. Quantitative RT-PCR in wild-type and AhR-/- mouse tissues, B(a)P treatment with dose-response Archives of toxicology Medium 16205913
2020 In AhRR-reporter mice, AhRR expression in intestinal immune cells was driven primarily by dietary AhR ligands (indole-3-carbinol) and was independent of microbial metabolites. Comparison of AhRR-deficient, AhR-deficient, and wild-type mice revealed both AhR-dependent and AhR-independent alterations in gut microbiota composition following I3C supplementation. AhRR-deficient mice, when deprived of dietary AhR ligands, showed enhanced susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. AhRR-reporter mice, AhRR-knockout and AhR-knockout mouse models, dietary supplementation experiments, DSS colitis model, microbiota profiling International journal of molecular sciences Medium 32366032
2022 CRISPR/Cas9-induced AHRR knockout in human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells resulted in lower baseline proliferation rate, stronger cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and higher CSE-induced late apoptosis/necroptosis compared to control cells, indicating that AHRR expression protects airway epithelial cells from cigarette smoke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. CRISPR/Cas9 AHRR knockout in 16HBE cells, proliferation assay, mitochondrial membrane potential measurement, apoptosis/necroptosis assay with CSE treatment Cells Medium 36359818
2022 AHRR induced HIF-1β (ARNT) expression in head and neck cancer (HNC) cells; increased ARNT interacted with EPAS1 (HIF-2α), enhancing transcription of VEGFD and promoting lymphangiogenesis. In AHRR wild-type transgenic mice, tumors developed with greater frequency than in AHRR-null mice. Hypoxia-induced VEGFD protein levels were genotype-dependent (Ahrr +/+, +/-, -/-), while upstream PI3K-pathway activation (Akt phosphorylation) was similar across genotypes. AHRR transgenic and knockout mouse models, Western blot for VEGFD and Akt phosphorylation, co-immunoprecipitation of ARNT-EPAS1 American journal of cancer research Low 35261785
2025 FTO (m6A eraser) knockdown in A549 cells significantly decreased AHRR expression, while METTL3 (m6A writer) or ALKBH5 (m6A eraser) knockdown did not affect AHRR expression. FTO knockdown enhanced CYP1A1 induction by AhR agonist TCDD, and this enhancement was associated with decreased AHRR levels, suggesting that m6A modification (removed by FTO) suppresses AHRR expression and that AHRR levels modulate AhR-mediated CYP1A1 induction. siRNA knockdown of m6A regulatory enzymes (METTL3, ALKBH5, FTO) in A549 cells, RT-PCR for AHRR and ARNT mRNA, CYP1A1 induction assay Toxicology letters Low 40118351
2012 In human skin fibroblasts, repression of CYP1 enzyme activity was found NOT to be causally related to AhRR expression. Despite prior hypotheses, AhRR was expressed at only moderate levels, and some fibroblast strains could induce CYP1A1 mRNA. Enhancement of CYP1A1 mRNA by trichostatin A (an inhibitor of AhRR-recruited histone deacetylases) failed to induce measurable CYP1 activity. AhRR-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts showed impressive CYP1A1 mRNA induction but no biologically relevant CYP1 enzyme activity. Primary human skin fibroblast cultures (n=25), AhRR-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, CYP1 enzyme activity assays, mRNA quantification, trichostatin A treatment The Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 22951721

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2012 Coordinated changes in AHRR methylation in lymphoblasts and pulmonary macrophages from smokers. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 213 22232023
1986 The cytosolic receptor binding affinities and AHH induction potencies of 29 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicology letters 162 3024361
2017 AHRR (cg05575921) hypomethylation marks smoking behaviour, morbidity and mortality. Thorax 137 28100713
2012 Fusion of the AHRR and NCOA2 genes through a recurrent translocation t(5;8)(p15;q13) in soft tissue angiofibroma results in upregulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor target genes. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 125 22337624
1984 Assay for gene mutation in a human lymphoblast line, AHH-1, competent for xenobiotic metabolism. Mutation research 116 6088974
2013 Postnatal stability, tissue, and time specific effects of AHRR methylation change in response to maternal smoking in pregnancy. Epigenetics 113 24270552
2020 Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of PTSD across 10 military and civilian cohorts identifies methylation changes in AHRR. Nature communications 104 33235198
1984 Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs): effects of structure on binding to the 2,3,7,8-TCDD cytosolic receptor protein, AHH induction and toxicity. Toxicology 90 6464025
2001 Human arylhydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) gene: genomic structure and analysis of polymorphism in endometriosis. Journal of human genetics 82 11393538
2006 The arylhydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR): structure, expression, and function. Biological chemistry 72 16972786
1989 Transfection of a human cytochrome P-450 gene into the human lymphoblastoid cell line, AHH-1, and use of the recombinant cell line in gene mutation assays. Carcinogenesis 67 2912581
1985 Effects of structure on binding to the 2,3,7,8-TCDD receptor protein and AHH induction--halogenated biphenyls. Environmental health perspectives 67 2998747
1993 Human cell lines, derived from AHH-1 TK+/- human lymphoblasts, genetically engineered for expression of cytochromes P450. Toxicology 63 8236284
2017 The crystal structure of the AhRR-ARNT heterodimer reveals the structural basis of the repression of AhR-mediated transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 60 28904176
2016 Reversion of AHRR Demethylation Is a Quantitative Biomarker of Smoking Cessation. Frontiers in psychiatry 60 27092088
2006 The effect of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands on the expression of AhR, AhRR, ARNT, Hif1alpha, CYP1A1 and NQO1 genes in rat liver. Toxicology letters 60 17069994
2019 AHRR methylation predicts smoking status and smoking intensity in both saliva and blood DNA. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 59 31456352
2017 Long noncoding RNA LINC00305 promotes inflammation by activating the AHRR-NF-κB pathway in human monocytes. Scientific reports 57 28393844
2007 AHH activity, tissue dose and DNA damage in different tissues of the scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 55 17900767
2020 Dietary AhR Ligands Regulate AhRR Expression in Intestinal Immune Cells and Intestinal Microbiota Composition. International journal of molecular sciences 50 32366032
2016 Transgenic Overexpression of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor (AhRR) and AhR-Mediated Induction of CYP1A1, Cytokines, and Acute Toxicity. Environmental health perspectives 47 26862745
2005 Analysis of the AhR, ARNT, and AhRR gene polymorphisms: genetic contribution to endometriosis susceptibility and severity. Fertility and sterility 43 16084889
2012 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) function revisited: repression of CYP1 activity in human skin fibroblasts is not related to AhRR expression. The Journal of investigative dermatology 42 22951721
2006 Tissue distribution and function of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) in C57BL/6 and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficient mice. Archives of toxicology 42 16205913
2020 AHRR cg05575921 methylation in relation to smoking and PM2.5 exposure among Taiwanese men and women. Clinical epigenetics 38 32736658
2019 Methylation at cg05575921 of a smoking-related gene (AHRR) in non-smoking Taiwanese adults residing in areas with different PM2.5 concentrations. Clinical epigenetics 36 31060609
2018 AHRR hypomethylation, lung function, lung function decline and respiratory symptoms. The European respiratory journal 36 29348151
2018 DNA methylation of the cancer-related genes F2RL3 and AHRR is associated with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Carcinogenesis 36 29722794
2017 Genome-wide mapping and analysis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)- and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR)-binding sites in human breast cancer cells. Archives of toxicology 36 28681081
2003 Heterodimers of bHLH-PAS protein fragments derived from AhR, AhRR, and Arnt prepared by co-expression in Escherichia coli: characterization of their DNA binding activity and preparation of a DNA complex. Journal of biochemistry 36 12944374
2003 Structure and polymorphisms of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) gene in a French population: relationship with CYP1A1 inducibility and lung cancer. Pharmacogenetics 35 12777964
1990 Levels of cytochrome P-450-mediated aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) are higher in differentiated than in germinative cutaneous keratinocytes. The Journal of investigative dermatology 33 2295839
2024 Altered DNA methylation within DNMT3A, AHRR, LTA/TNF loci mediates the effect of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease. Nature communications 31 38238335
2020 AHRR methylation in heavy smokers: associations with smoking, lung cancer risk, and lung cancer mortality. BMC cancer 30 32962699
2007 Reactive oxygen species, but not mitochondrial membrane potential, is associated with radiation-induced apoptosis of AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cells. Cell biology international 30 17587607
2016 Gene fusions AHRR-NCOA2, NCOA2-ETV4, ETV4-AHRR, P4HA2-TBCK, and TBCK-P4HA2 resulting from the translocations t(5;8;17)(p15;q13;q21) and t(4;5)(q24;q31) in a soft tissue angiofibroma. Oncology reports 28 27633981
2016 Acquired Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (AHH) in Thalassaemia Major Patients: An Underdiagnosed Condition? Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases 27 26740862
1991 Increase of CYP1A1 mRNA and AHH activity by inhibitors of either protein or RNA synthesis in mouse hepatocytes in primary culture. Carcinogenesis 27 1934297
2012 Genetic susceptibility to dioxin-like chemicals' induction of cytochrome P4501A2 in the human adult linked to specific AhRR polymorphism. Chemosphere 23 23168330
1981 Cimetidine: a specific inhibitor of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in the rat. Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology 21 7268211
2001 Evaluation of the genotoxicity of the phytoestrogen, coumestrol, in AHH-1 TK(+/-) human lymphoblastoid cells. Mutation research 20 11239970
1994 The role of programmed cell death in the toxicity of the mutagens, ethyl methanesulfonate and N-ethyl-N'-nitrosourea, in AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cells. Mutation research 20 7512200
2018 Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and smoking are determinants of LINE-1 and AhRR promoter methylation in coke oven workers. Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis 19 29412867
2017 MTHFR methylation moderates the impact of smoking on DNA methylation at AHRR for African American young adults. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 19 28436623
2017 Performance of urine cotinine and hypomethylation of AHRR and F2RL3 as biomarkers for smoking exposure in a population-based cohort. PloS one 18 28453567
2006 The inhibitory effect of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) on the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 18 16755028
1996 A role for apoptosis in the toxicity and mutagenicity of bleomycin in AHH-1 tk+/- human lymphoblastoid cells. Mutation research 17 8876690
1995 Programmed cell death and mutation induction in AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to m-amsa. Mutation research 17 7770078
2024 DNA methylation at AHRR as a master predictor of smoke exposure and a biomarker for sleep and exercise. Clinical epigenetics 16 39425209
2019 Smoking-associated AHRR demethylation in cord blood DNA: impact of CD235a+ nucleated red blood cells. Clinical epigenetics 16 31182156
2017 Changes in first trimester fetal CYP1A1 and AHRR DNA methylation and mRNA expression in response to exposure to maternal cigarette smoking. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 16 29169084
1999 Mono- and Diglucuronide formation from benzo[a]pyrene and chrysene diphenols by AHH-1 cell-expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A7. Biochemical pharmacology 16 10037450
1996 A mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene of AHH-1 tk+/- human lymphoblastoid cells. Mutation research 16 8841477
1982 Halogenated biphenyls as AHH inducers: effects of different halogen substituents. Life sciences 16 7132565
2014 Role of AHR, AHRR and ARNT in response to dioxin-like PCBs in Spaurus aurata. Environmental science and pollution research international 14 25060310
2013 Tristetraprolin suppresses AHRR expression through mRNA destabilization. FEBS letters 14 23583445
2007 Modifying effect of the AR gene trinucleotide repeats and SNPs in the AHR and AHRR genes on the association between persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure and human sperm Y:X ratio. Molecular human reproduction 14 17244640
2022 Clinical Implication of Smoking-Related Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor (AHRR) Hypomethylation in Japanese Adults. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 13 35110429
2019 Cinacalcet corrects biased allosteric modulation of CaSR by AHH autoantibody. JCI insight 12 30996138
2013 Molecular hydrogen protects human lymphocyte AHH-1 cells against 12C6+ heavy ion radiation. International journal of radiation biology 12 23786587
1999 P53 integrity in the genetically engineered mammalian cell lines AHH-1 and MCL-5. Mutation research 12 10029673
2023 Clinicopathologic and genetic characterization of angiofibroma of soft tissue: a study of 12 cases including two cases with AHRR::NCOA3 gene fusion. Histopathology 11 36860189
2022 From Differential DNA Methylation in COPD to Mitochondria: Regulation of AHRR Expression Affects Airway Epithelial Response to Cigarette Smoke. Cells 10 36359818
2021 Identification of Ferroptosis Biomarker in AHH-1 Lymphocytes Associated with Low Dose Radiation. Health physics 10 33760770
2017 Tissue differences in DNA methylation changes at AHRR in full term low birth weight in maternal blood, placenta and cord blood in Chinese. Placenta 10 28454697
2020 A comprehensive analysis of AHRR gene as a candidate for cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Mutation research. Reviews in mutation research 9 32800270
2019 AHRR (cg05575921) methylation extent of leukocyte DNA and lung cancer survival. PloS one 9 30730943
2019 AHRR Methylation is a Significant Predictor of Mortality Risk in Framingham Heart Study. Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.) 9 31618096
2021 Genetic variation in CYP1A1 and AHRR genes increase the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and exacerbate disease severity in smoker patients. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 8 34580959
1995 Interferon-mediated changes in the expression of CYP1A1 in human B lymphoblastoid (AHH-1 TK +/-) cells. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 8 8834482
2021 Hypomethylation of AHRR (cg05575921) Is Related to Smoking Status in the Mexican Mestizo Population. Genes 7 34440450
2013 Frequency of the functionally relevant aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) Pro185Ala SNP in Papua New Guinea. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 7 23648678
1981 Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction by polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs): enchancement by photolysis. Toxicology 7 6275573
2017 The AhRR-c.565C>G transversion may increase total antioxidant capacity levels of the seminal plasma in infertile men. Environmental science and pollution research international 6 28593539
1999 The application of comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization to the characterization of genotoxicity screening tester strains AHH-1 and MCL-5. Mutagenesis 6 10390510
2023 Aberrant AHRR, ADAMTS2 and FAM184 DNA Methylation: Candidate Biomarkers in the Oral Rinse of Heavy Smokers. Biomedicines 5 37509437
2022 The association between DNA methylation of 6p21.33 and AHRR in blood and coronary heart disease in Chinese population. BMC cardiovascular disorders 5 35964014
2015 MCI extraction from Turkish galls played protective roles against X-ray-induced damage in AHH-1 cells. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 5 26339380
2014 Protective activity of C-geranylflavonoid analogs from Paulownia tomentosa against DNA damage in 137Cs irradiated AHH-1 cells. Natural product communications 5 25918796
1991 Monocyte aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity mimics Kupffer cell and hepatocyte AHH activity in an animal model of liver disease. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 5 1802352
1987 Epidermal cell growth-dependent arylhydrocarbon-hydroxylase (AHH) activity in vitro. Archives of dermatological research 5 3435181
2024 A validated restriction enzyme ddPCR cg05575921 (AHRR) assay to accurately assess smoking exposure. Clinical epigenetics 4 38528596
2023 Development and validation of a simple general population lung cancer risk model including AHRR-methylation. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 4 37150141
2023 AHRR Hypomethylation mediates the association between maternal smoking and metabolic profiles in children. Hepatology communications 4 37755881
2018 Association of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR)-c.565C>G transversion with male infertility: A case-control study from Iran. Journal of cellular biochemistry 4 30506768
2015 1,4-benzoquinone-induced STAT-3 hypomethylation in AHH-1 cells: Role of oxidative stress. Toxicology reports 4 28962422
1996 Cell cycle traverse in AHH-1 tk +/- human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to the chromosomal mutagen, m-amsa. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis 4 8625943
1994 Induction of mutations at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) locus in AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cells. Mutation research 4 7523883
2022 AHRR contributes to inflammatory lymphangiogenesis by activating the EPAS1/VEGFD signaling axis in head and neck cancer. American journal of cancer research 3 35261785
2022 Arthroscopic Excision of Intra-articular AHRR-NCOA2- positive Angiofibroma of Soft Tissue of the Knee: A Case Report. Cancer diagnosis & prognosis 3 36060023
2022 AhRR methylation contributes to disease progression in urothelial bladder cancer. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 3 36093686
2021 Expression analysis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) gene in gallbladder cancer. Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association 3 32801256
2017 Influence of AHRR Pro189Ala polymorphism on kidney functions. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 3 28485216
1983 The effect of cigarette smoke on aryl-hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity of the human kidney. European journal of cancer & clinical oncology 3 6685642
2025 Cigarette smoking modulates m6A modification, affecting the induction of CYP1A1 mRNA by regulating human ARNT and AHRR in A549 cells. Toxicology letters 2 40118351
2024 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor ( AHRR ) methylation predicts risk of vascular disease: A cohort study of the general population. International journal of surgery (London, England) 2 38990298
2024 The enigmatic AHRR: beyond aryl hydrocarbon receptor repression. Journal of leukocyte biology 2 39030724
2023 Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor (AHRR) is a biomarker of ambient air pollution exposure and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 2 38103810
2024 The Influence of Smoking and Occupational Risk Factors on DNA Methylation in the AHRR and F2RL3 Genes. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 1 38051301
2021 Cell-Penetrating Peptides Predicted From CASC3, AKIP1, and AHRR Proteins. Frontiers in pharmacology 1 34504427

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