{"gene":"TUBE1","run_date":"2026-04-28T21:43:00","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2000,"finding":"Human delta-tubulin (TUBE1) was identified as a centrosomal protein, localizing specifically to centrioles independently of microtubules. Its localization pattern is distinct from gamma-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin, placing it in association with centriole structures rather than the pericentriolar material.","method":"Immunofluorescence localization in human cells, microtubule depolymerization experiments to test microtubule-independence of centrosome association","journal":"Nature cell biology","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 — direct localization experiment with functional context (microtubule-independent recruitment); single lab, two orthogonal approaches","pmids":["10620804"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2017,"finding":"Delta-tubulin (TUBE1) is required for centriole triplet microtubule formation in human cells. Null mutant cells lacking delta-tubulin form centrioles that lack triplet microtubules, fail to recruit the central core protein POC5, fail to undergo centriole maturation, and undergo a futile cycle of centriole formation followed by disintegration each cell cycle. Delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin physically interact, indicating they act together to maintain triplet microtubule architecture and thereby enable centriole inheritance from one cell cycle to the next. Centriole disintegration in delta-tubulin null cells could be suppressed by paclitaxel treatment.","method":"CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of TUBD1 (delta-tubulin) in human cells, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation of delta- and epsilon-tubulin, paclitaxel rescue experiments","journal":"eLife","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 1-2 — loss-of-function with defined ultrastructural phenotype, reciprocal protein interaction, chemical rescue; multiple orthogonal methods in single rigorous study","pmids":["28906251"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2025,"finding":"Delta-tubulin (TUBE1) forms a tetrameric complex with epsilon-tubulin, TEDC1, and TEDC2 that is required for centriole triplet microtubule architecture. Cells lacking TEDC1 or TEDC2 phenocopy delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin null cells, displaying centrioles without triplet microtubules, an expanded proximal region, absence of central core scaffold proteins (POC5), and a futile cycle of centriole elongation during G2 followed by fragmentation and disintegration during mitosis. All four proteins physically interact; TEDC1 and TEDC2 form a subcomplex independent of the tubulins. Delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin are mutually required with TEDC1/TEDC2 for centrosomal localization of all four components, consistent with an AlphaFold Multimer structural model of the tetramer.","method":"CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of TEDC1/TEDC2 in human cells, ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM), co-immunoprecipitation, AlphaFold Multimer structural modeling, immunofluorescence cell cycle staging","journal":"eLife","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 1-2 — multiple orthogonal methods including ultrastructural analysis, reciprocal co-IPs, structural modeling, and phenotypic rescue; builds on and extends prior replicated findings","pmids":["40067174"],"is_preprint":false}],"current_model":"TUBE1 (delta-tubulin) localizes to centrioles independently of microtubules and functions as part of a conserved tetrameric complex with epsilon-tubulin, TEDC1, and TEDC2 to promote the formation and maintenance of centriole triplet microtubules; without delta-tubulin, centrioles lack triplet microtubules, fail to mature or recruit central core proteins, and undergo a futile cycle of formation and disintegration each cell cycle, preventing centriole inheritance."},"narrative":{"teleology":[{"year":2000,"claim":"Establishing TUBE1 as a centriolar protein resolved its subcellular context: unlike gamma-tubulin, TUBE1 localizes to centrioles themselves rather than pericentriolar material, and it does so independently of microtubules, raising the question of what structural role it plays there.","evidence":"Immunofluorescence with microtubule-depolymerization controls in human cells","pmids":["10620804"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Single-lab observation without independent replication at this time","No functional perturbation to determine whether TUBE1 is required for centriole structure or duplication","Molecular partners at the centriole were unidentified"]},{"year":2017,"claim":"Loss-of-function analysis revealed that TUBE1 is essential for triplet microtubule formation: without it, centrioles lack triplets, fail to recruit the central core protein POC5, cannot mature, and undergo disintegration each cell cycle — establishing TUBE1 as a structural determinant of centriole integrity and inheritance.","evidence":"CRISPR knockout in human cells with electron microscopy ultrastructure, co-immunoprecipitation showing delta–epsilon tubulin interaction, and paclitaxel rescue of centriole stability","pmids":["28906251"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Whether TUBE1 acts as part of a larger complex beyond its interaction with epsilon-tubulin was unknown","Mechanism by which TUBE1 promotes triplet microtubule nucleation or stabilization was unresolved","No structural model of the TUBE1–epsilon-tubulin assembly"]},{"year":2025,"claim":"Identification of the TUBE1–epsilon-tubulin–TEDC1–TEDC2 tetramer defined the minimal functional unit: all four subunits are mutually required for centrosomal targeting and triplet microtubule formation, and loss of any component phenocopies TUBE1 deletion, establishing the complex as an obligate module for centriole architecture.","evidence":"CRISPR knockout of TEDC1/TEDC2 in human cells, ultrastructure expansion microscopy, reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, and AlphaFold Multimer structural modeling","pmids":["40067174"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Biochemical reconstitution of the tetramer and direct demonstration of microtubule-modifying activity in vitro have not been performed","How the tetramer is specifically recruited to the centriole proximal end is unknown","Whether the tetramer directly nucleates the C-tubule or stabilizes pre-existing doublets remains unresolved"]},{"year":null,"claim":"The direct biochemical mechanism by which the TUBE1-containing tetramer promotes triplet microtubule formation — whether through nucleation, stabilization, or templating of the C-tubule — remains the central open question.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"High","gaps":["No in vitro reconstitution of triplet microtubule formation with purified tetramer","Atomic-resolution experimental structure of the tetramer is lacking","Relationship between tetramer stoichiometry at the centriole and triplet microtubule number is undefined"]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[{"term_id":"GO:0005198","term_label":"structural molecule activity","supporting_discovery_ids":[1,2]}],"localization":[{"term_id":"GO:0005815","term_label":"microtubule organizing center","supporting_discovery_ids":[0,1,2]}],"pathway":[{"term_id":"R-HSA-1852241","term_label":"Organelle biogenesis and maintenance","supporting_discovery_ids":[1,2]},{"term_id":"R-HSA-1640170","term_label":"Cell Cycle","supporting_discovery_ids":[1,2]}],"complexes":["TUBE1–TUBD1–TEDC1–TEDC2 tetramer"],"partners":["TUBD1","TEDC1","TEDC2"],"other_free_text":[]},"mechanistic_narrative":"TUBE1 (tubulin epsilon chain / delta-tubulin) is a centriole-associated tubulin family member that functions within a conserved tetrameric complex together with epsilon-tubulin, TEDC1, and TEDC2 to build and maintain centriole triplet microtubules, thereby enabling centriole maturation and inheritance across cell cycles [PMID:28906251, PMID:40067174]. TUBE1 localizes to centrioles independently of cytoplasmic microtubules and is distinct in its distribution from gamma-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin within the centrosome [PMID:10620804]. Loss of TUBE1 abolishes triplet microtubule formation, prevents recruitment of the central core protein POC5, and causes a futile cycle in which centrioles form but disintegrate each cell division — a phenotype suppressible by paclitaxel-mediated microtubule stabilization [PMID:28906251]."},"prefetch_data":{"uniprot":{"accession":"Q9UJT0","full_name":"Tubulin epsilon chain","aliases":["Epsilon-tubulin"],"length_aa":475,"mass_kda":52.9,"function":"","subcellular_location":"Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9UJT0/entry"},"depmap":{"release":"DepMap","has_data":true,"is_common_essential":true,"resolved_as":"","url":"https://depmap.org/portal/gene/TUBE1","classification":"Common Essential","n_dependent_lines":728,"n_total_lines":1208,"dependency_fraction":0.6026490066225165},"opencell":{"profiled":false,"resolved_as":"","ensg_id":"","cell_line_id":"","localizations":[],"interactors":[{"gene":"NPM1","stoichiometry":0.2}],"url":"https://opencell.sf.czbiohub.org/search/TUBE1","total_profiled":1310},"omim":[{"mim_id":"620217","title":"CENTROSOMAL PROTEIN, 44-KD; CEP44","url":"https://www.omim.org/entry/620217"},{"mim_id":"607345","title":"TUBULIN, EPSILON-1; TUBE1","url":"https://www.omim.org/entry/607345"}],"hpa":{"profiled":true,"resolved_as":"","reliability":"","locations":[],"tissue_specificity":"Low tissue specificity","tissue_distribution":"Detected in all","driving_tissues":[],"url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/search/TUBE1"},"hgnc":{"alias_symbol":["dJ142L7.2","FLJ22589","TUBE"],"prev_symbol":[]},"alphafold":{"accession":"Q9UJT0","domains":[{"cath_id":"3.40.50.1440","chopping":"4-217_263-275","consensus_level":"medium","plddt":93.3541,"start":4,"end":275},{"cath_id":"3.30.1330.20","chopping":"303-407","consensus_level":"medium","plddt":90.0738,"start":303,"end":407},{"cath_id":"1.10.287,1.10.287","chopping":"408-461","consensus_level":"medium","plddt":95.9967,"start":408,"end":461}],"viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q9UJT0","model_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q9UJT0-F1-model_v6.cif","pae_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q9UJT0-F1-predicted_aligned_error_v6.png","plddt_mean":88.75},"mouse_models":{"mgi_url":"https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/summary?nomen=TUBE1","jax_strain_url":"https://www.jax.org/strain/search?query=TUBE1"},"sequence":{"accession":"Q9UJT0","fasta_url":"https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9UJT0.fasta","uniprot_url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9UJT0/entry","alphafold_viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q9UJT0"}},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"12526790","id":"PMC_12526790","title":"Tube morphogenesis: making and shaping biological tubes.","date":"2003","source":"Cell","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12526790","citation_count":531,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"1015847","id":"PMC_1015847","title":"Vitamin deficiencies and neural tube defects.","date":"1976","source":"Archives of disease in childhood","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1015847","citation_count":443,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"26329111","id":"PMC_26329111","title":"DNA nanotechnology from the test tube to the cell.","date":"2015","source":"Nature nanotechnology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26329111","citation_count":418,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"28196803","id":"PMC_28196803","title":"Neural tube closure: cellular, molecular and biomechanical mechanisms.","date":"2017","source":"Development (Cambridge, England)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196803","citation_count":372,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"19918803","id":"PMC_19918803","title":"Genetics and development of neural tube defects.","date":"2010","source":"The Journal of pathology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19918803","citation_count":335,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"18687961","id":"PMC_18687961","title":"Programming DNA tube circumferences.","date":"2008","source":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18687961","citation_count":315,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"28355077","id":"PMC_28355077","title":"Isothermal Amplification for MicroRNA Detection: From the Test Tube to the Cell.","date":"2017","source":"Accounts of chemical research","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28355077","citation_count":274,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"20740593","id":"PMC_20740593","title":"An update to the list of mouse mutants with neural tube closure defects and advances toward a complete genetic perspective of neural tube closure.","date":"2010","source":"Birth defects research. 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The gene symbol \"TUBE1\" in humans encodes epsilon-tubulin (tubulin epsilon 1), a component of centrioles. However, scanning all 100 abstracts, none of them describe experiments on epsilon-tubulin (TUBE1/tubulin epsilon 1).\n\nThe corpus is dominated by papers about:\n- Neural tube defects (epidemiology, genetics, folate)\n- Pollen tube biology (plant biology - symbol collision)\n- Fallopian tube biology (anatomical structure, not the gene)\n- Drosophila \"Tube\" protein (a Drosophila signaling protein in the Toll/Dorsal pathway - PMID 10330490)\n- DNA nanotube nanotechnology\n- Various other tube morphogenesis topics\n\nThe one paper that describes a protein called \"Tube\" with mechanistic detail (PMID 10330490) is about a Drosophila protein in the Toll pathway that is fundamentally incompatible with mammalian TUBE1 (epsilon-tubulin) - it's a signal transduction scaffold protein, not a tubulin. This is a symbol collision.\n\nNo papers in this corpus describe mechanistic experiments on human/mammalian TUBE1 (epsilon-tubulin).\n\n```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [],\n  \"current_model\": \"No mechanistic findings in the available literature.\"\n}\n```\n\n--- ROUND 2 (R2/R3, augmented corpus) ---\n\nI'll systematically classify each paper before extracting discoveries.\n\n**TUBE1** encodes delta-tubulin (TUBD1/TUBE1), a member of the tubulin superfamily involved in centriole triplet microtubule formation and centriole architecture.\n\n**Classification of papers:**\n\nRetrieved papers [1]-[100]: The vast majority describe neural tube morphogenesis/defects, pollen tubes, fallopian tubes, DNA tubes, microsporidian polar tubes, feeding tubes, glaucoma tube shunts, Eustachian tubes, vascular tube formation, etc. — none of these are about delta-tubulin/TUBE1. Paper [21] about Drosophila Tube protein is a **SYMBOL COLLISION** (Drosophila \"Tube\" is a different protein in the Toll/Dorsal pathway, not an ortholog of human TUBE1/delta-tubulin). ALL retrieved papers [1]-[100] → **EXCLUDE**.\n\n**Additional curated papers:**\n- [12] Chang & Stearns 2000 (PMID:10620804): delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin centrosome localization → **KEEP**\n- [14] Chang et al. 2003 (PMID:12510196): epsilon-tubulin required for centriole duplication → **KEEP** (mentions delta-tubulin context)\n- [16] Wang et al. 2017 (PMID:28906251): delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin null mutants, triplet microtubules → **KEEP**\n- [26] Pudlowski et al. 2025 (PMID:40067174): delta-tubulin/epsilon-tubulin/TEDC1/TEDC2 complex → **KEEP**\n- [24] Pitsava et al. 2021 (PMID:34355505): TUBE1 loss-of-function variants in bladder exstrophy → mentions cell migration but no mechanistic experiment on TUBE1 protein → **EXCLUDE** (genetic association only)\n- [2],[3],[4] BioPlex: interactome MS data mentioning TUBE1 interactions → weak pulldown data, no functional follow-up specific to TUBE1 → **EXCLUDE** (no specific mechanistic findings about TUBE1)\n- [7] OpenCell: localization data → **KEEP** if specific localization with functional consequence reported for TUBE1\n- [17] Olson 2010: centrosome SNP association study → **EXCLUDE** (GWAS/association)\n- All others: not about TUBE1 → **EXCLUDE**\n\nOpenCell [7] provides systematic localization but no functional consequence specific to TUBE1 — **EXCLUDE** from discoveries.\n\n```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2000,\n      \"finding\": \"Human delta-tubulin (TUBE1) was identified as a centrosomal protein, localizing specifically to centrioles independently of microtubules. Its localization pattern is distinct from gamma-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin, placing it in association with centriole structures rather than the pericentriolar material.\",\n      \"method\": \"Immunofluorescence localization in human cells, microtubule depolymerization experiments to test microtubule-independence of centrosome association\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nature cell biology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 — direct localization experiment with functional context (microtubule-independent recruitment); single lab, two orthogonal approaches\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"10620804\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"finding\": \"Delta-tubulin (TUBE1) is required for centriole triplet microtubule formation in human cells. Null mutant cells lacking delta-tubulin form centrioles that lack triplet microtubules, fail to recruit the central core protein POC5, fail to undergo centriole maturation, and undergo a futile cycle of centriole formation followed by disintegration each cell cycle. Delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin physically interact, indicating they act together to maintain triplet microtubule architecture and thereby enable centriole inheritance from one cell cycle to the next. Centriole disintegration in delta-tubulin null cells could be suppressed by paclitaxel treatment.\",\n      \"method\": \"CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of TUBD1 (delta-tubulin) in human cells, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation of delta- and epsilon-tubulin, paclitaxel rescue experiments\",\n      \"journal\": \"eLife\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 1-2 — loss-of-function with defined ultrastructural phenotype, reciprocal protein interaction, chemical rescue; multiple orthogonal methods in single rigorous study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28906251\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"finding\": \"Delta-tubulin (TUBE1) forms a tetrameric complex with epsilon-tubulin, TEDC1, and TEDC2 that is required for centriole triplet microtubule architecture. Cells lacking TEDC1 or TEDC2 phenocopy delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin null cells, displaying centrioles without triplet microtubules, an expanded proximal region, absence of central core scaffold proteins (POC5), and a futile cycle of centriole elongation during G2 followed by fragmentation and disintegration during mitosis. All four proteins physically interact; TEDC1 and TEDC2 form a subcomplex independent of the tubulins. Delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin are mutually required with TEDC1/TEDC2 for centrosomal localization of all four components, consistent with an AlphaFold Multimer structural model of the tetramer.\",\n      \"method\": \"CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of TEDC1/TEDC2 in human cells, ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM), co-immunoprecipitation, AlphaFold Multimer structural modeling, immunofluorescence cell cycle staging\",\n      \"journal\": \"eLife\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 1-2 — multiple orthogonal methods including ultrastructural analysis, reciprocal co-IPs, structural modeling, and phenotypic rescue; builds on and extends prior replicated findings\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"40067174\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"TUBE1 (delta-tubulin) localizes to centrioles independently of microtubules and functions as part of a conserved tetrameric complex with epsilon-tubulin, TEDC1, and TEDC2 to promote the formation and maintenance of centriole triplet microtubules; without delta-tubulin, centrioles lack triplet microtubules, fail to mature or recruit central core proteins, and undergo a futile cycle of formation and disintegration each cell cycle, preventing centriole inheritance.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"\n\n--- ROUND 2 (R2/R3, augmented corpus) ---\n\n```json\n{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"TUBE1 (tubulin epsilon chain / delta-tubulin) is a centriole-associated tubulin family member that functions within a conserved tetrameric complex together with epsilon-tubulin, TEDC1, and TEDC2 to build and maintain centriole triplet microtubules, thereby enabling centriole maturation and inheritance across cell cycles [PMID:28906251, PMID:40067174]. TUBE1 localizes to centrioles independently of cytoplasmic microtubules and is distinct in its distribution from gamma-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin within the centrosome [PMID:10620804]. Loss of TUBE1 abolishes triplet microtubule formation, prevents recruitment of the central core protein POC5, and causes a futile cycle in which centrioles form but disintegrate each cell division — a phenotype suppressible by paclitaxel-mediated microtubule stabilization [PMID:28906251].\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2000,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing TUBE1 as a centriolar protein resolved its subcellular context: unlike gamma-tubulin, TUBE1 localizes to centrioles themselves rather than pericentriolar material, and it does so independently of microtubules, raising the question of what structural role it plays there.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Immunofluorescence with microtubule-depolymerization controls in human cells\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"10620804\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Single-lab observation without independent replication at this time\",\n        \"No functional perturbation to determine whether TUBE1 is required for centriole structure or duplication\",\n        \"Molecular partners at the centriole were unidentified\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"claim\": \"Loss-of-function analysis revealed that TUBE1 is essential for triplet microtubule formation: without it, centrioles lack triplets, fail to recruit the central core protein POC5, cannot mature, and undergo disintegration each cell cycle — establishing TUBE1 as a structural determinant of centriole integrity and inheritance.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"CRISPR knockout in human cells with electron microscopy ultrastructure, co-immunoprecipitation showing delta–epsilon tubulin interaction, and paclitaxel rescue of centriole stability\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28906251\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Whether TUBE1 acts as part of a larger complex beyond its interaction with epsilon-tubulin was unknown\",\n        \"Mechanism by which TUBE1 promotes triplet microtubule nucleation or stabilization was unresolved\",\n        \"No structural model of the TUBE1–epsilon-tubulin assembly\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"claim\": \"Identification of the TUBE1–epsilon-tubulin–TEDC1–TEDC2 tetramer defined the minimal functional unit: all four subunits are mutually required for centrosomal targeting and triplet microtubule formation, and loss of any component phenocopies TUBE1 deletion, establishing the complex as an obligate module for centriole architecture.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"CRISPR knockout of TEDC1/TEDC2 in human cells, ultrastructure expansion microscopy, reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, and AlphaFold Multimer structural modeling\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"40067174\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Biochemical reconstitution of the tetramer and direct demonstration of microtubule-modifying activity in vitro have not been performed\",\n        \"How the tetramer is specifically recruited to the centriole proximal end is unknown\",\n        \"Whether the tetramer directly nucleates the C-tubule or stabilizes pre-existing doublets remains unresolved\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The direct biochemical mechanism by which the TUBE1-containing tetramer promotes triplet microtubule formation — whether through nucleation, stabilization, or templating of the C-tubule — remains the central open question.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No in vitro reconstitution of triplet microtubule formation with purified tetramer\",\n        \"Atomic-resolution experimental structure of the tetramer is lacking\",\n        \"Relationship between tetramer stoichiometry at the centriole and triplet microtubule number is undefined\"\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005198\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1, 2]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005815\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1, 2]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-1852241\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1, 2]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-1640170\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1, 2]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\n      \"TUBE1–TUBD1–TEDC1–TEDC2 tetramer\"\n    ],\n    \"partners\": [\n      \"TUBD1\",\n      \"TEDC1\",\n      \"TEDC2\"\n    ],\n    \"other_free_text\": []\n  }\n}\n```"}