{"gene":"TEX44","run_date":"2026-06-10T10:51:54","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2025,"finding":"TEX44 physically interacts with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) to form a 'mitochondrial glue' that anchors adjacent mitochondria and facilitates assembly of the sperm-specific mitochondrial sheath.","method":"Co-immunoprecipitation / interaction assay in Tex44 knockout mice and in vitro with purified protein","journal":"Nature communications","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 1–2 / Strong — purified protein in vitro assay combined with KO mouse model and multiple orthogonal methods (WES, KO phenotype, enzymatic assay) in a single rigorous study","pmids":["40849303"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2025,"finding":"Purified TEX44 protein modulates CPT1B enzymatic activity in vitro, limiting the conversion of long-chain fatty acids (palmitic acid and myristic acid) into acyl-carnitines, thereby reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.","method":"In vitro enzymatic activity assay with purified TEX44 protein and CPT1B","journal":"Nature communications","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 1 / Moderate — direct in vitro reconstitution assay with purified protein, single lab but multiple substrates tested","pmids":["40849303"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2025,"finding":"Loss of TEX44 in mice disrupts regulation of CPT1B, leading to unregulated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), excessive ROS generation, and severe oxidative damage to sperm DNA and flagellar structure.","method":"Tex44 knockout mouse model with ROS measurement, DNA damage assays, and ultrastructural analysis","journal":"Nature communications","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO with defined cellular and molecular phenotype, multiple orthogonal readouts (ROS, DNA damage, ultrastructure)","pmids":["40849303"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2025,"finding":"Germ cell-specific Cpt1b knockout mice exhibit phenotypes similar to TEX44 deficiency (mitochondrial sheath defects and reduced sperm motility), placing CPT1B downstream of TEX44 in the same pathway.","method":"Germ cell-specific Cpt1b conditional knockout mouse with sperm motility and ultrastructural analysis","journal":"Nature communications","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — genetic epistasis via conditional KO recapitulating TEX44-KO phenotype, single lab","pmids":["40849303"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2024,"finding":"TEX44 is required for correct set-up of the sperm flagellum during spermiogenesis; Tex44-KO mice display disorganized midpiece-principal piece junction causing 180° flagellar bending, loss of axonemal microtubule doublets, and loss of outer dense fibers.","method":"CRISPR/Cas9-mediated complete deletion of Tex44 in mice with ultrastructural sperm analysis (electron microscopy) and fertility assays","journal":"Cellular & molecular biology letters","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Strong — clean KO with defined structural phenotype, replicated independently across two separate KO studies (PMIDs 38750428 and 40849303)","pmids":["38750428"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2026,"finding":"TEX44 deficiency in mice disrupts sperm axonemal 9+2 microtubule organization and mitochondrial sheath assembly, with transcriptomic profiling revealing dysregulation of flagellar structure and mitochondrial function pathways.","method":"CRISPR/Cas9 Tex44 knockout mouse model with CASA, ultrastructural analysis, transcriptomic profiling, and IVF/ICSI fertility assays","journal":"Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO with multiple readouts, but largely confirms findings from prior studies; single lab","pmids":["42133262"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2015,"finding":"TEX44 (C2orf57) protein was detected in human spermatozoa by mass spectrometry, and its expression was confirmed in adult testis by immunohistochemistry, establishing it as a testis/sperm-expressed protein.","method":"Mass spectrometry proteomics of human spermatozoa and immunohistochemistry of adult testis","journal":"Journal of proteome research","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Moderate — protein detection by MS and IHC; establishes expression/localization but no direct functional mechanism","pmids":["26168773"],"is_preprint":false}],"current_model":"TEX44 is a testis/sperm-specific protein that localizes to the mitochondrial sheath of the sperm flagellum, where it physically interacts with CPT1B to anchor adjacent mitochondria and regulate CPT1B enzymatic activity, thereby limiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation and restraining ROS production; loss of TEX44 causes unregulated FAO, excessive ROS, oxidative DNA damage, disorganized axonemal microtubule architecture, and defective mitochondrial sheath assembly, resulting in asthenoteratozoospermia and male subfertility."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"TEX44 is a testis- and sperm-specific protein that governs assembly of the mitochondrial sheath and structural integrity of the sperm flagellum during spermiogenesis [PMID:40849303, PMID:38750428, PMID:26168773]. It acts as a 'mitochondrial glue' by physically interacting with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B), anchoring adjacent mitochondria to drive ordered mitochondrial sheath formation along the flagellar midpiece [PMID:40849303]. Beyond a structural role, TEX44 directly modulates CPT1B enzymatic activity, restraining conversion of long-chain fatty acids (palmitic and myristic acid) into acyl-carnitines and thereby limiting fatty acid β-oxidation and downstream ROS production [PMID:40849303]. Loss of TEX44 in mice unleashes unregulated FAO with excessive ROS, oxidative DNA damage, disorganized 9+2 axonemal microtubule architecture, loss of outer dense fibers, and a malformed midpiece–principal piece junction producing 180° flagellar bending, culminating in defective mitochondrial sheath assembly and male subfertility [PMID:40849303, PMID:38750428, PMID:42133262]. Germ-cell-specific Cpt1b deletion phenocopies TEX44 loss, placing CPT1B genetically downstream of TEX44 in this pathway [PMID:40849303].","teleology":[{"year":2015,"claim":"Establishing where TEX44 is expressed was the prerequisite for any functional hypothesis; proteomic and histological detection defined it as a testis/sperm protein.","evidence":"mass spectrometry of human spermatozoa and immunohistochemistry of adult testis","pmids":["26168773"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["no functional role assigned","subcellular localization within sperm not resolved","no interaction partners identified"]},{"year":2024,"claim":"Whether TEX44 has a non-redundant role in sperm formation was unknown; complete knockout showed it is required for flagellar architecture during spermiogenesis.","evidence":"CRISPR/Cas9 Tex44-KO mice with electron microscopy and fertility assays","pmids":["38750428"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["molecular mechanism behind structural defects not defined","no binding partners identified","biochemical activity unknown"]},{"year":2025,"claim":"The molecular function was resolved by showing TEX44 binds CPT1B as a 'mitochondrial glue' and directly tunes its enzymatic activity, linking flagellar structure to metabolic ROS control.","evidence":"Co-IP and in vitro reconstitution with purified TEX44 and CPT1B, KO mouse ROS/DNA-damage/ultrastructure readouts, and germ-cell-specific Cpt1b conditional KO epistasis","pmids":["40849303"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["structural basis of the TEX44–CPT1B interaction not determined","how TEX44 mechanically anchors mitochondria not resolved","whether TEX44 regulates additional metabolic enzymes untested"]},{"year":2026,"claim":"Independent KO confirmation with transcriptomics reinforced that TEX44 loss disrupts both 9+2 axonemal organization and mitochondrial sheath assembly programs.","evidence":"CRISPR/Cas9 Tex44-KO mice with CASA, ultrastructural analysis, transcriptomic profiling, and IVF/ICSI assays","pmids":["42133262"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["transcriptomic changes not mechanistically linked to direct TEX44 targets","largely confirmatory of prior phenotypes","direct cause of axonemal disorganization not established"]},{"year":null,"claim":"The structural mechanism by which TEX44 physically tethers mitochondria and the molecular basis of its modulation of CPT1B remain open.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"High","gaps":["no structural model of TEX44 or the TEX44–CPT1B complex","human disease-causing TEX44 variants not demonstrated","whether TEX44 has roles outside the mitochondrial sheath unknown"]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[{"term_id":"GO:0098772","term_label":"molecular function regulator activity","supporting_discovery_ids":[0,1]}],"localization":[{"term_id":"GO:0005739","term_label":"mitochondrion","supporting_discovery_ids":[0,2,5]},{"term_id":"GO:0005929","term_label":"cilium","supporting_discovery_ids":[4,5]}],"pathway":[{"term_id":"R-HSA-1474165","term_label":"Reproduction","supporting_discovery_ids":[3,4]},{"term_id":"R-HSA-1430728","term_label":"Metabolism","supporting_discovery_ids":[1,2]}],"complexes":["sperm mitochondrial sheath"],"partners":["CPT1B"],"other_free_text":[]}},"prefetch_data":{"uniprot":{"accession":"Q53QW1","full_name":"Testis-expressed protein 44","aliases":[],"length_aa":395,"mass_kda":41.6,"function":"","subcellular_location":"Cytoplasm","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q53QW1/entry"},"depmap":{"release":"DepMap","has_data":true,"is_common_essential":false,"resolved_as":"","url":"https://depmap.org/portal/gene/TEX44","classification":"Not Classified","n_dependent_lines":4,"n_total_lines":1208,"dependency_fraction":0.0033112582781456954},"opencell":{"profiled":false,"resolved_as":"","ensg_id":"","cell_line_id":"","localizations":[],"interactors":[],"url":"https://opencell.sf.czbiohub.org/search/TEX44","total_profiled":1310},"omim":[],"hpa":{"profiled":true,"resolved_as":"","reliability":"","locations":[],"tissue_specificity":"Tissue enriched","tissue_distribution":"Detected in single","driving_tissues":[{"tissue":"testis","ntpm":146.5}],"url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/search/TEX44"},"hgnc":{"alias_symbol":["MGC35154"],"prev_symbol":["C2orf57"]},"alphafold":{"accession":"Q53QW1","domains":[],"viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q53QW1","model_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q53QW1-F1-model_v6.cif","pae_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q53QW1-F1-predicted_aligned_error_v6.png","plddt_mean":47.41},"mouse_models":{"mgi_url":"https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/summary?nomen=TEX44","jax_strain_url":"https://www.jax.org/strain/search?query=TEX44"},"sequence":{"accession":"Q53QW1","fasta_url":"https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q53QW1.fasta","uniprot_url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q53QW1/entry","alphafold_viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q53QW1"}},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"26168773","id":"PMC_26168773","title":"Human Spermatozoa as a Model for Detecting Missing Proteins in the Context of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project.","date":"2015","source":"Journal of proteome research","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26168773","citation_count":55,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"40849303","id":"PMC_40849303","title":"The TEX44-CPT1B axis regulates mitochondrial sheath assembly and fatty acid oxidation in sperm.","date":"2025","source":"Nature communications","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40849303","citation_count":6,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"38750428","id":"PMC_38750428","title":"The lack of Tex44 causes severe subfertility with flagellar abnormalities in male mice.","date":"2024","source":"Cellular & molecular biology letters","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38750428","citation_count":4,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"34817046","id":"PMC_34817046","title":"RNA-binding protein with serine-rich domain 1 regulates microsatellite instability of uterine corpus endometrial adenocarcinoma.","date":"2021","source":"Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34817046","citation_count":2,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"42133262","id":"PMC_42133262","title":"TEX44 deficiency induces asthenoteratozoospermia by disrupting sperm axonemal integrity and mitochondrial sheath assembly, and ICSI enables successful fertility rescue.","date":"2026","source":"Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42133262","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":5047,"output_tokens":1551,"usd":0.019203,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":8373,"output_tokens":1921,"usd":0.044945,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.064148,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_017qqVz33Ga63SCDwzb35XPb","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01Scr2Ei9x4HJMiRGxwrmvLK","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"finding\": \"TEX44 physically interacts with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) to form a 'mitochondrial glue' that anchors adjacent mitochondria and facilitates assembly of the sperm-specific mitochondrial sheath.\",\n      \"method\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation / interaction assay in Tex44 knockout mice and in vitro with purified protein\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nature communications\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 1–2 / Strong — purified protein in vitro assay combined with KO mouse model and multiple orthogonal methods (WES, KO phenotype, enzymatic assay) in a single rigorous study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"40849303\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"finding\": \"Purified TEX44 protein modulates CPT1B enzymatic activity in vitro, limiting the conversion of long-chain fatty acids (palmitic acid and myristic acid) into acyl-carnitines, thereby reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.\",\n      \"method\": \"In vitro enzymatic activity assay with purified TEX44 protein and CPT1B\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nature communications\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 1 / Moderate — direct in vitro reconstitution assay with purified protein, single lab but multiple substrates tested\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"40849303\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"finding\": \"Loss of TEX44 in mice disrupts regulation of CPT1B, leading to unregulated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), excessive ROS generation, and severe oxidative damage to sperm DNA and flagellar structure.\",\n      \"method\": \"Tex44 knockout mouse model with ROS measurement, DNA damage assays, and ultrastructural analysis\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nature communications\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO with defined cellular and molecular phenotype, multiple orthogonal readouts (ROS, DNA damage, ultrastructure)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"40849303\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"finding\": \"Germ cell-specific Cpt1b knockout mice exhibit phenotypes similar to TEX44 deficiency (mitochondrial sheath defects and reduced sperm motility), placing CPT1B downstream of TEX44 in the same pathway.\",\n      \"method\": \"Germ cell-specific Cpt1b conditional knockout mouse with sperm motility and ultrastructural analysis\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nature communications\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — genetic epistasis via conditional KO recapitulating TEX44-KO phenotype, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"40849303\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2024,\n      \"finding\": \"TEX44 is required for correct set-up of the sperm flagellum during spermiogenesis; Tex44-KO mice display disorganized midpiece-principal piece junction causing 180° flagellar bending, loss of axonemal microtubule doublets, and loss of outer dense fibers.\",\n      \"method\": \"CRISPR/Cas9-mediated complete deletion of Tex44 in mice with ultrastructural sperm analysis (electron microscopy) and fertility assays\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular & molecular biology letters\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Strong — clean KO with defined structural phenotype, replicated independently across two separate KO studies (PMIDs 38750428 and 40849303)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38750428\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2026,\n      \"finding\": \"TEX44 deficiency in mice disrupts sperm axonemal 9+2 microtubule organization and mitochondrial sheath assembly, with transcriptomic profiling revealing dysregulation of flagellar structure and mitochondrial function pathways.\",\n      \"method\": \"CRISPR/Cas9 Tex44 knockout mouse model with CASA, ultrastructural analysis, transcriptomic profiling, and IVF/ICSI fertility assays\",\n      \"journal\": \"Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO with multiple readouts, but largely confirms findings from prior studies; single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"42133262\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"finding\": \"TEX44 (C2orf57) protein was detected in human spermatozoa by mass spectrometry, and its expression was confirmed in adult testis by immunohistochemistry, establishing it as a testis/sperm-expressed protein.\",\n      \"method\": \"Mass spectrometry proteomics of human spermatozoa and immunohistochemistry of adult testis\",\n      \"journal\": \"Journal of proteome research\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Moderate — protein detection by MS and IHC; establishes expression/localization but no direct functional mechanism\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26168773\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"TEX44 is a testis/sperm-specific protein that localizes to the mitochondrial sheath of the sperm flagellum, where it physically interacts with CPT1B to anchor adjacent mitochondria and regulate CPT1B enzymatic activity, thereby limiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation and restraining ROS production; loss of TEX44 causes unregulated FAO, excessive ROS, oxidative DNA damage, disorganized axonemal microtubule architecture, and defective mitochondrial sheath assembly, resulting in asthenoteratozoospermia and male subfertility.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"TEX44 is a testis- and sperm-specific protein that governs assembly of the mitochondrial sheath and structural integrity of the sperm flagellum during spermiogenesis [#0, #4, #6]. It acts as a 'mitochondrial glue' by physically interacting with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B), anchoring adjacent mitochondria to drive ordered mitochondrial sheath formation along the flagellar midpiece [#0]. Beyond a structural role, TEX44 directly modulates CPT1B enzymatic activity, restraining conversion of long-chain fatty acids (palmitic and myristic acid) into acyl-carnitines and thereby limiting fatty acid \\u03b2-oxidation and downstream ROS production [#1]. Loss of TEX44 in mice unleashes unregulated FAO with excessive ROS, oxidative DNA damage, disorganized 9+2 axonemal microtubule architecture, loss of outer dense fibers, and a malformed midpiece\\u2013principal piece junction producing 180\\u00b0 flagellar bending, culminating in defective mitochondrial sheath assembly and male subfertility [#2, #4, #5]. Germ-cell-specific Cpt1b deletion phenocopies TEX44 loss, placing CPT1B genetically downstream of TEX44 in this pathway [#3].\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing where TEX44 is expressed was the prerequisite for any functional hypothesis; proteomic and histological detection defined it as a testis/sperm protein.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"mass spectrometry of human spermatozoa and immunohistochemistry of adult testis\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26168773\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"no functional role assigned\",\n        \"subcellular localization within sperm not resolved\",\n        \"no interaction partners identified\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2024,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether TEX44 has a non-redundant role in sperm formation was unknown; complete knockout showed it is required for flagellar architecture during spermiogenesis.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"CRISPR/Cas9 Tex44-KO mice with electron microscopy and fertility assays\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38750428\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"molecular mechanism behind structural defects not defined\",\n        \"no binding partners identified\",\n        \"biochemical activity unknown\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"claim\": \"The molecular function was resolved by showing TEX44 binds CPT1B as a 'mitochondrial glue' and directly tunes its enzymatic activity, linking flagellar structure to metabolic ROS control.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Co-IP and in vitro reconstitution with purified TEX44 and CPT1B, KO mouse ROS/DNA-damage/ultrastructure readouts, and germ-cell-specific Cpt1b conditional KO epistasis\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"40849303\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"structural basis of the TEX44\\u2013CPT1B interaction not determined\",\n        \"how TEX44 mechanically anchors mitochondria not resolved\",\n        \"whether TEX44 regulates additional metabolic enzymes untested\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2026,\n      \"claim\": \"Independent KO confirmation with transcriptomics reinforced that TEX44 loss disrupts both 9+2 axonemal organization and mitochondrial sheath assembly programs.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"CRISPR/Cas9 Tex44-KO mice with CASA, ultrastructural analysis, transcriptomic profiling, and IVF/ICSI assays\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"42133262\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"transcriptomic changes not mechanistically linked to direct TEX44 targets\",\n        \"largely confirmatory of prior phenotypes\",\n        \"direct cause of axonemal disorganization not established\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The structural mechanism by which TEX44 physically tethers mitochondria and the molecular basis of its modulation of CPT1B remain open.\",\n      \"evidence\": null,\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"no structural model of TEX44 or the TEX44\\u2013CPT1B complex\",\n        \"human disease-causing TEX44 variants not demonstrated\",\n        \"whether TEX44 has roles outside the mitochondrial sheath unknown\"\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0098772\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005739\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 2, 5]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005929\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [4, 5]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-1474165\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3, 4]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-1430728\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1, 2]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\"sperm mitochondrial sheath\"],\n    \"partners\": [\"CPT1B\"],\n    \"other_free_text\": []\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"evaluation":{"faith_supported":4,"faith_total":5,"faith_pct":80.0}}