{"gene":"SPATA33","run_date":"2026-06-10T07:46:39","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2021,"finding":"SPATA33 interacts with sperm calcineurin (PPP3CC/PPP3R2) via a PQIIIT sequence (PxIxIT consensus motif) and is required to localize calcineurin to the mitochondria in spermatozoa. Spata33 knockout mice exhibit reduced sperm motility due to an inflexible midpiece, phenocopying Ppp3cc and Ppp3r2 knockouts. Immunoprecipitation further showed that sperm calcineurin interacts with the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2, with SPATA33 bridging this interaction.","method":"In silico PxIxIT motif screening, gene knockout mouse generation, sperm motility assays, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence localization","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Strong — reciprocal Co-IP, KO mouse with defined motility phenotype, mechanistic pathway placement, multiple orthogonal methods in a single rigorous study","pmids":["34446558"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2020,"finding":"SPATA33 functions as a mitophagy receptor in male germline cells. SPATA33 protein localizes to mitochondria via its C-terminal binding to the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2, and upon starvation is recruited to autophagosomes via its N-terminal binding to the autophagy machinery component ATG16L1. Spata33 knockout inhibited autophagy, while overexpression promoted autophagosome formation and mitochondrial sequestration, conferring cargo selectivity for mitochondrial degradation.","method":"Knockout mouse/cell studies, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation/localization, overexpression assays, autophagy flux assays","journal":"Cell death and differentiation","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Strong — reciprocal Co-IP identifying two binding partners, KO loss-of-function with defined autophagy phenotype, OE gain-of-function, domain mapping, multiple orthogonal methods","pmids":["33087875"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2021,"finding":"SPATA33 directly mediates the interaction between the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2 and the autophagy machinery component ATG16L1 during mitophagy, acting as a selective autophagy receptor that bridges cargo (mitochondria) to the autophagosome machinery in germline cells.","method":"Co-immunoprecipitation, domain interaction mapping, autophagy receptor functional assays","journal":"Autophagy","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — corroborating commentary/follow-up by same lab, single lab replication of PMID:33087875 findings with additional mechanistic detail","pmids":["33818286"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2013,"finding":"SPATA33 (C16orf55) is predominantly expressed in mouse testis, enriched in spermatocytes, spermatogonia, and round spermatids. Expression is distributed in both nucleus and cytosol of germ cells. Expression increases during the first wave of spermatogenesis, indicating association with the meiotic process.","method":"RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, GFP-tagged subcellular localization in GC-1 and TM4 cells","journal":"PloS one","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Moderate — direct subcellular localization by GFP tagging and IHC in multiple cell types, expression profiling with temporal data, single lab","pmids":["23844118"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2022,"finding":"SPATA33 interacts with CTNNA3 (alpha-catenin 3) via co-immunoprecipitation in TM4 Sertoli cells. This interaction inhibits formation of the CDH1-CTNNB1-CTNNA3 cell adhesion complex by competing with CTNNB1 for CTNNA3 binding. Spata33 knockout in TM4 cells impaired cell migration (wound scratch assay), decreased G1 phase cell fraction, and disrupted F-actin formation.","method":"CRISPR-Cas9 knockout in TM4 cells, co-immunoprecipitation, cell wound scratch assay, flow cytometry, phalloidin staining","journal":"Cell and tissue research","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Weak — Co-IP with functional KO phenotype, multiple cellular readouts, but single lab, single study","pmids":["35536443"],"is_preprint":false}],"current_model":"SPATA33 is a mitochondria-localized protein in male germline cells that acts as a selective mitophagy receptor by bridging the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2 to the autophagy machinery component ATG16L1, and also localizes the sperm-specific calcineurin (PPP3CC/PPP3R2) to mitochondria via a PQIIIT/PxIxIT interaction motif, with loss of SPATA33 causing inflexible sperm midpiece, reduced motility, and impaired male fertility in mice."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"SPATA33 is a testis-enriched protein that organizes mitochondrial function and turnover in the male germline, acting as a molecular adaptor at the outer mitochondrial membrane [PMID:33087875, PMID:34446558]. It tethers cargo to the autophagy machinery as a selective mitophagy receptor: its C-terminus binds the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2 while its N-terminus binds the autophagy component ATG16L1, and upon starvation SPATA33 is recruited to autophagosomes, with loss of SPATA33 inhibiting autophagy and overexpression promoting autophagosome formation and mitochondrial sequestration [PMID:33087875, PMID:33818286]. Independently of its mitophagy role, SPATA33 docks the sperm-specific calcineurin (PPP3CC/PPP3R2) onto mitochondria through a PQIIIT/PxIxIT motif, and Spata33-null mice display an inflexible sperm midpiece and reduced motility that phenocopies calcineurin-subunit knockouts, establishing SPATA33 as required for sperm midpiece flexibility and male fertility [PMID:34446558]. SPATA33 is predominantly expressed in testis, enriched in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids, with expression rising during the first wave of spermatogenesis [PMID:23844118].","teleology":[{"year":2013,"claim":"Before any function was known, the question was where and when SPATA33 acts; expression and localization profiling placed it in the male germline during meiotic stages of spermatogenesis.","evidence":"RT-PCR, Western blot, IHC, and GFP-tagged localization in GC-1 and TM4 cells","pmids":["23844118"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No molecular function or binding partner identified","Nuclear/cytosolic distribution not reconciled with later mitochondrial localization"]},{"year":2020,"claim":"The central mechanistic question of what SPATA33 does molecularly was answered by identifying it as a mitophagy receptor that bridges mitochondrial cargo to the autophagosome via separable VDAC2- and ATG16L1-binding domains.","evidence":"Knockout and overexpression cell/mouse studies, reciprocal Co-IP, domain mapping, autophagy flux assays","pmids":["33087875"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Structural basis of dual cargo/machinery bridging not resolved","Trigger and regulation of receptor engagement beyond starvation unknown"]},{"year":2021,"claim":"A second axis emerged showing SPATA33 also recruits sperm calcineurin to mitochondria via a PxIxIT motif, linking the protein directly to sperm midpiece flexibility and motility.","evidence":"In silico PxIxIT screening, Spata33 knockout mice, sperm motility assays, IP, immunofluorescence","pmids":["34446558"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["How the calcineurin-docking and mitophagy-receptor roles are coordinated in vivo is unclear","Downstream calcineurin substrates at the midpiece not defined"]},{"year":2021,"claim":"Follow-up work consolidated the receptor model by confirming that SPATA33 directly mediates the VDAC2-ATG16L1 interaction during germline mitophagy.","evidence":"Co-IP, domain interaction mapping, autophagy receptor functional assays (same-lab follow-up)","pmids":["33818286"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Single-lab corroboration without independent replication","No quantitative affinity or reconstitution of the bridged complex"]},{"year":2022,"claim":"A distinct cellular role was probed in Sertoli cells, where SPATA33 was found to bind CTNNA3 and modulate cell adhesion, migration, cell cycle, and F-actin organization.","evidence":"CRISPR-Cas9 knockout in TM4 cells, Co-IP, wound scratch assay, flow cytometry, phalloidin staining","pmids":["35536443"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Single lab, single study without reciprocal validation in vivo","Relationship between adhesion role and mitochondrial roles unestablished"]},{"year":null,"claim":"How SPATA33's mitophagy-receptor function, calcineurin-docking function, and adhesion-modulating function are integrated within spermatogenesis remains unresolved.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No structural model of SPATA33","No reconciliation of distinct partner interactions into a unified mechanism","Human relevance and disease association not addressed"]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[{"term_id":"GO:0060090","term_label":"molecular adaptor activity","supporting_discovery_ids":[0,1,2]}],"localization":[{"term_id":"GO:0005739","term_label":"mitochondrion","supporting_discovery_ids":[0,1]},{"term_id":"GO:0005829","term_label":"cytosol","supporting_discovery_ids":[3]}],"pathway":[{"term_id":"R-HSA-9612973","term_label":"Autophagy","supporting_discovery_ids":[1,2]},{"term_id":"R-HSA-1474165","term_label":"Reproduction","supporting_discovery_ids":[0]}],"complexes":[],"partners":["VDAC2","ATG16L1","PPP3CC","PPP3R2","CTNNA3"],"other_free_text":[]}},"prefetch_data":{"uniprot":{"accession":"Q96N06","full_name":"Spermatogenesis-associated protein 33","aliases":[],"length_aa":139,"mass_kda":15.5,"function":"Plays an important role in sperm motility and male fertility (By similarity). Required for sperm midpiece flexibility and for the localization of sperm calcineurin to the mitochondria (By similarity). Promotes mitophagy as well as acts as an autophagy mediator in male germline cells (By similarity). Links damaged mitochondria to autophagosomes via its binding to the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2, as well as to key autophagy machinery component ATG16L1 (By similarity)","subcellular_location":"Cytoplasm, cytosol; Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Mitochondrion","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q96N06/entry"},"depmap":{"release":"DepMap","has_data":true,"is_common_essential":false,"resolved_as":"","url":"https://depmap.org/portal/gene/SPATA33","classification":"Not Classified","n_dependent_lines":8,"n_total_lines":1208,"dependency_fraction":0.006622516556291391},"opencell":{"profiled":false,"resolved_as":"","ensg_id":"","cell_line_id":"","localizations":[],"interactors":[],"url":"https://opencell.sf.czbiohub.org/search/SPATA33","total_profiled":1310},"omim":[{"mim_id":"615409","title":"SPERMATOGENESIS-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 33; SPATA33","url":"https://www.omim.org/entry/615409"}],"hpa":{"profiled":true,"resolved_as":"","reliability":"Approved","locations":[{"location":"Nucleoplasm","reliability":"Approved"},{"location":"Vesicles","reliability":"Additional"}],"tissue_specificity":"Tissue enriched","tissue_distribution":"Detected in all","driving_tissues":[{"tissue":"testis","ntpm":86.5}],"url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/search/SPATA33"},"hgnc":{"alias_symbol":["FLJ31606"],"prev_symbol":["C16orf55"]},"alphafold":{"accession":"Q96N06","domains":[],"viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q96N06","model_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q96N06-F1-model_v6.cif","pae_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q96N06-F1-predicted_aligned_error_v6.png","plddt_mean":65.81},"mouse_models":{"mgi_url":"https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/summary?nomen=SPATA33","jax_strain_url":"https://www.jax.org/strain/search?query=SPATA33"},"sequence":{"accession":"Q96N06","fasta_url":"https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q96N06.fasta","uniprot_url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q96N06/entry","alphafold_viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q96N06"}},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"36099812","id":"PMC_36099812","title":"Genetic landscape of a large cohort of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: New genes and pathways and implications for personalized medicine.","date":"2022","source":"EBioMedicine","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36099812","citation_count":69,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"34446558","id":"PMC_34446558","title":"SPATA33 localizes calcineurin to the mitochondria and regulates sperm motility in mice.","date":"2021","source":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34446558","citation_count":43,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"37424101","id":"PMC_37424101","title":"Tethering ATG16L1 or LC3 induces targeted autophagic degradation of protein aggregates and mitochondria.","date":"2023","source":"Autophagy","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37424101","citation_count":35,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"33087875","id":"PMC_33087875","title":"SPATA33 is an autophagy mediator for cargo selectivity in germline mitophagy.","date":"2020","source":"Cell death and differentiation","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33087875","citation_count":33,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"31630191","id":"PMC_31630191","title":"Functional annotation of melanoma risk loci identifies novel susceptibility genes.","date":"2020","source":"Carcinogenesis","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31630191","citation_count":25,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"23844118","id":"PMC_23844118","title":"A novel testis-enriched gene Spata33 is expressed during spermatogenesis.","date":"2013","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23844118","citation_count":14,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"36959629","id":"PMC_36959629","title":"DNA methylation patterns at birth predict health outcomes in young adults born very low birthweight.","date":"2023","source":"Clinical epigenetics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36959629","citation_count":12,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"35886074","id":"PMC_35886074","title":"Further Insights on RNA Expression and Sperm Motility.","date":"2022","source":"Genes","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35886074","citation_count":11,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"33818286","id":"PMC_33818286","title":"SPATA33 functions as a mitophagy receptor in mammalian germline.","date":"2021","source":"Autophagy","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33818286","citation_count":10,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"35973810","id":"PMC_35973810","title":"Sequencing of the ZMYND15 gene in a cohort of infertile Chinese men reveals novel mutations in patients with teratozoospermia.","date":"2022","source":"Journal of medical genetics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35973810","citation_count":7,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"30098056","id":"PMC_30098056","title":"Gene alterations and expression spectrum of SPATA33 in nonobstructive azoospermic Iranian men.","date":"2018","source":"Molecular reproduction and 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Spata33 knockout mice exhibit reduced sperm motility due to an inflexible midpiece, phenocopying Ppp3cc and Ppp3r2 knockouts. Immunoprecipitation further showed that sperm calcineurin interacts with the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2, with SPATA33 bridging this interaction.\",\n      \"method\": \"In silico PxIxIT motif screening, gene knockout mouse generation, sperm motility assays, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence localization\",\n      \"journal\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Strong — reciprocal Co-IP, KO mouse with defined motility phenotype, mechanistic pathway placement, multiple orthogonal methods in a single rigorous study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"34446558\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2020,\n      \"finding\": \"SPATA33 functions as a mitophagy receptor in male germline cells. SPATA33 protein localizes to mitochondria via its C-terminal binding to the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2, and upon starvation is recruited to autophagosomes via its N-terminal binding to the autophagy machinery component ATG16L1. Spata33 knockout inhibited autophagy, while overexpression promoted autophagosome formation and mitochondrial sequestration, conferring cargo selectivity for mitochondrial degradation.\",\n      \"method\": \"Knockout mouse/cell studies, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation/localization, overexpression assays, autophagy flux assays\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cell death and differentiation\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Strong — reciprocal Co-IP identifying two binding partners, KO loss-of-function with defined autophagy phenotype, OE gain-of-function, domain mapping, multiple orthogonal methods\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"33087875\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2021,\n      \"finding\": \"SPATA33 directly mediates the interaction between the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2 and the autophagy machinery component ATG16L1 during mitophagy, acting as a selective autophagy receptor that bridges cargo (mitochondria) to the autophagosome machinery in germline cells.\",\n      \"method\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation, domain interaction mapping, autophagy receptor functional assays\",\n      \"journal\": \"Autophagy\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — corroborating commentary/follow-up by same lab, single lab replication of PMID:33087875 findings with additional mechanistic detail\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"33818286\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2013,\n      \"finding\": \"SPATA33 (C16orf55) is predominantly expressed in mouse testis, enriched in spermatocytes, spermatogonia, and round spermatids. Expression is distributed in both nucleus and cytosol of germ cells. Expression increases during the first wave of spermatogenesis, indicating association with the meiotic process.\",\n      \"method\": \"RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, GFP-tagged subcellular localization in GC-1 and TM4 cells\",\n      \"journal\": \"PloS one\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Moderate — direct subcellular localization by GFP tagging and IHC in multiple cell types, expression profiling with temporal data, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"23844118\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"SPATA33 interacts with CTNNA3 (alpha-catenin 3) via co-immunoprecipitation in TM4 Sertoli cells. This interaction inhibits formation of the CDH1-CTNNB1-CTNNA3 cell adhesion complex by competing with CTNNB1 for CTNNA3 binding. Spata33 knockout in TM4 cells impaired cell migration (wound scratch assay), decreased G1 phase cell fraction, and disrupted F-actin formation.\",\n      \"method\": \"CRISPR-Cas9 knockout in TM4 cells, co-immunoprecipitation, cell wound scratch assay, flow cytometry, phalloidin staining\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cell and tissue research\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Weak — Co-IP with functional KO phenotype, multiple cellular readouts, but single lab, single study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35536443\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"SPATA33 is a mitochondria-localized protein in male germline cells that acts as a selective mitophagy receptor by bridging the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2 to the autophagy machinery component ATG16L1, and also localizes the sperm-specific calcineurin (PPP3CC/PPP3R2) to mitochondria via a PQIIIT/PxIxIT interaction motif, with loss of SPATA33 causing inflexible sperm midpiece, reduced motility, and impaired male fertility in mice.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"SPATA33 is a testis-enriched protein that organizes mitochondrial function and turnover in the male germline, acting as a molecular adaptor at the outer mitochondrial membrane [#1, #0]. It tethers cargo to the autophagy machinery as a selective mitophagy receptor: its C-terminus binds the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC2 while its N-terminus binds the autophagy component ATG16L1, and upon starvation SPATA33 is recruited to autophagosomes, with loss of SPATA33 inhibiting autophagy and overexpression promoting autophagosome formation and mitochondrial sequestration [#1, #2]. Independently of its mitophagy role, SPATA33 docks the sperm-specific calcineurin (PPP3CC/PPP3R2) onto mitochondria through a PQIIIT/PxIxIT motif, and Spata33-null mice display an inflexible sperm midpiece and reduced motility that phenocopies calcineurin-subunit knockouts, establishing SPATA33 as required for sperm midpiece flexibility and male fertility [#0]. SPATA33 is predominantly expressed in testis, enriched in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids, with expression rising during the first wave of spermatogenesis [#3].\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2013,\n      \"claim\": \"Before any function was known, the question was where and when SPATA33 acts; expression and localization profiling placed it in the male germline during meiotic stages of spermatogenesis.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"RT-PCR, Western blot, IHC, and GFP-tagged localization in GC-1 and TM4 cells\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"23844118\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No molecular function or binding partner identified\", \"Nuclear/cytosolic distribution not reconciled with later mitochondrial localization\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2020,\n      \"claim\": \"The central mechanistic question of what SPATA33 does molecularly was answered by identifying it as a mitophagy receptor that bridges mitochondrial cargo to the autophagosome via separable VDAC2- and ATG16L1-binding domains.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Knockout and overexpression cell/mouse studies, reciprocal Co-IP, domain mapping, autophagy flux assays\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"33087875\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Structural basis of dual cargo/machinery bridging not resolved\", \"Trigger and regulation of receptor engagement beyond starvation unknown\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2021,\n      \"claim\": \"A second axis emerged showing SPATA33 also recruits sperm calcineurin to mitochondria via a PxIxIT motif, linking the protein directly to sperm midpiece flexibility and motility.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"In silico PxIxIT screening, Spata33 knockout mice, sperm motility assays, IP, immunofluorescence\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"34446558\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"How the calcineurin-docking and mitophagy-receptor roles are coordinated in vivo is unclear\", \"Downstream calcineurin substrates at the midpiece not defined\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2021,\n      \"claim\": \"Follow-up work consolidated the receptor model by confirming that SPATA33 directly mediates the VDAC2-ATG16L1 interaction during germline mitophagy.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Co-IP, domain interaction mapping, autophagy receptor functional assays (same-lab follow-up)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"33818286\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Single-lab corroboration without independent replication\", \"No quantitative affinity or reconstitution of the bridged complex\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"A distinct cellular role was probed in Sertoli cells, where SPATA33 was found to bind CTNNA3 and modulate cell adhesion, migration, cell cycle, and F-actin organization.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"CRISPR-Cas9 knockout in TM4 cells, Co-IP, wound scratch assay, flow cytometry, phalloidin staining\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35536443\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Single lab, single study without reciprocal validation in vivo\", \"Relationship between adhesion role and mitochondrial roles unestablished\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"How SPATA33's mitophagy-receptor function, calcineurin-docking function, and adhesion-modulating function are integrated within spermatogenesis remains unresolved.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No structural model of SPATA33\", \"No reconciliation of distinct partner interactions into a unified mechanism\", \"Human relevance and disease association not addressed\"]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0060090\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1, 2]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005739\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005829\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-9612973\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1, 2]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-1474165\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [\"VDAC2\", \"ATG16L1\", \"PPP3CC\", \"PPP3R2\", \"CTNNA3\"],\n    \"other_free_text\": []\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"evaluation":{"pairwise":"win","faith_supported":3,"faith_total":4,"faith_pct":75.0}}