{"gene":"NCAN","run_date":"2026-06-10T05:19:52","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":1998,"finding":"Human neurocan (NCAN/CSPG3) encodes a 1321 amino acid chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with brain-specific expression (7.5 kb transcript on Northern blot), mapped to chromosome 19, spanning ~41 kb genomic sequence transcribed in the telomere-to-centromere orientation; it shares 63% amino acid identity with mouse and rat orthologs.","method":"cDNA sequencing, Northern blot analysis, chromosomal mapping by cosmid hybridization, genomic sequencing","journal":"Gene","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — multiple orthogonal methods (sequencing, Northern blot, chromosomal mapping) in a single characterization study establishing primary structure and expression","pmids":["9795216"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2010,"finding":"CSPG3 (neurocan) is upregulated in periventricular white matter and cortex following primary inflammatory injury (EAE), temporally coinciding with neuronal progenitor cell proliferation and migration in the SVZ, corpus callosum, and cortex, and reactive astrogliosis (increased GFAP immunoreactivity), suggesting a role in CNS lesion remodeling.","method":"EAE mouse model (MOG 35-55 immunization), immunofluorescence microscopy for CSPG3, GFAP, MBP, CNPase; BrdU incorporation for NPC proliferation","journal":"Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, correlative immunofluorescence localization without functional rescue or mechanistic pathway placement for NCAN specifically","pmids":["21107918"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2014,"finding":"NCAN is expressed not only in neural tissue but also in human liver, as demonstrated by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy of liver samples.","method":"RT-PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy on human liver tissue","journal":"Journal of hepatology","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, two methods (RT-PCR + immunofluorescence) but purely localization without functional consequence established","pmids":["24946282"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2025,"finding":"The hyaluronan (HA)-binding domain of neurocan (NCAN) is sufficient to bind HA and label brain extracellular matrix when fused to GFP and secreted via AAV-mediated expression; the probe labels both perineuronal nets and interstitial matrix in vivo, validated by colocalization with HABP and sensitivity to hyaluronidase.","method":"AAV-mediated expression of NCAN HA-binding domain fused to GFP (AAV-Ncan-GFP) in mouse brain organotypic slices and in vivo cortex; colocalization with HABP, hyaluronidase sensitivity assay, shadow imaging for extracellular localization","journal":"bioRxiv","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct functional domain validation with multiple orthogonal methods (colocalization, enzymatic sensitivity, live imaging) in a single preprint study","pmids":["bio_10.1101_2025.01.31.635882"],"is_preprint":true}],"current_model":"NCAN encodes neurocan, a brain-enriched (and also liver-expressed) chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan whose hyaluronan-binding domain directly engages HA to scaffold the brain extracellular matrix (including perineuronal nets), and whose expression is upregulated in reactive astrogliosis coincident with neuronal progenitor proliferation following CNS inflammatory injury; common coding and non-coding variants in NCAN are associated with psychiatric and metabolic phenotypes, but the downstream molecular mechanisms linking these variants to protein function remain unestablished by direct experiment."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"NCAN encodes neurocan, a brain-expressed chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan whose hyaluronan-binding domain directly engages hyaluronan to scaffold the brain extracellular matrix, including perineuronal nets and the interstitial matrix [PMID:9795216, PMID:bio_10.1101_2025.01.31.635882]. The isolated HA-binding domain is sufficient for this interaction: when secreted as a GFP fusion in mouse brain, it labels extracellular matrix in a manner that colocalizes with hyaluronan-binding protein and is abolished by hyaluronidase [PMID:bio_10.1101_2025.01.31.635882]. Neurocan is also expressed outside the nervous system, in human liver [PMID:24946282], and its expression rises in cortical and periventricular white matter during inflammatory CNS injury, coincident with reactive astrogliosis and neural progenitor proliferation, consistent with a role in lesion remodeling [PMID:21107918]. Beyond hyaluronan engagement and these expression correlations, no downstream signaling mechanism or interaction partner has been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":1998,"claim":"Establishing the primary structure and tissue specificity of human neurocan was the first step in defining it as a discrete brain proteoglycan rather than an ortholog inferred from rodents.","evidence":"cDNA sequencing, Northern blot, and chromosomal mapping of the human NCAN/CSPG3 gene","pmids":["9795216"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["no functional domain mapped at this stage","binding partners and matrix role not yet addressed","post-translational chondroitin sulfate modification not characterized"]},{"year":2010,"claim":"Linking neurocan expression to CNS inflammatory injury raised the question of whether it participates in lesion remodeling and progenitor responses.","evidence":"immunofluorescence and BrdU labeling in the EAE mouse model showing CSPG3 upregulation coincident with astrogliosis and NPC proliferation","pmids":["21107918"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["correlative localization without functional rescue or loss-of-function","no mechanistic placement of NCAN in any signaling pathway","causal contribution to progenitor proliferation not tested"]},{"year":2014,"claim":"Detection of NCAN in human liver extended its expression beyond neural tissue, opening the question of an extra-neural function.","evidence":"RT-PCR and immunofluorescence on human liver tissue","pmids":["24946282"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["localization only, no functional consequence established","hepatic interaction partners unknown","relevance to metabolic phenotypes not tested"]},{"year":2025,"claim":"Direct demonstration that the HA-binding domain alone is sufficient to engage hyaluronan and label brain ECM established the molecular basis of neurocan's matrix-scaffolding role.","evidence":"AAV-expressed NCAN HA-binding domain–GFP fusion in mouse brain slices and cortex, validated by HABP colocalization and hyaluronidase sensitivity (preprint)","pmids":["bio_10.1101_2025.01.31.635882"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["demonstrates a probe activity but not the full-length protein's in situ function","does not identify additional matrix or cell-surface partners","does not connect HA binding to perineuronal net assembly mechanism"]},{"year":null,"claim":"How NCAN coding and regulatory variation alters protein function to influence psychiatric and metabolic phenotypes remains unresolved by direct experiment.","evidence":"no direct functional study in the timeline","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["no variant-to-function experiment in the corpus","downstream signaling pathway undefined","interaction partners beyond hyaluronan unidentified"]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[{"term_id":"GO:0005198","term_label":"structural molecule activity","supporting_discovery_ids":[0,3]}],"localization":[{"term_id":"GO:0031012","term_label":"extracellular matrix","supporting_discovery_ids":[3]},{"term_id":"GO:0005576","term_label":"extracellular region","supporting_discovery_ids":[3]}],"pathway":[],"complexes":[],"partners":[],"other_free_text":[]}},"prefetch_data":{"uniprot":{"accession":"O14594","full_name":"Neurocan core protein","aliases":["Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 3"],"length_aa":1321,"mass_kda":143.1,"function":"May modulate neuronal adhesion and neurite growth during development by binding to neural cell adhesion molecules (NG-CAM and N-CAM). Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan; binds to hyaluronic acid","subcellular_location":"Secreted","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O14594/entry"},"depmap":{"release":"DepMap","has_data":true,"is_common_essential":false,"resolved_as":"","url":"https://depmap.org/portal/gene/NCAN","classification":"Not Classified","n_dependent_lines":5,"n_total_lines":1208,"dependency_fraction":0.0041390728476821195},"opencell":{"profiled":false,"resolved_as":"","ensg_id":"","cell_line_id":"","localizations":[],"interactors":[],"url":"https://opencell.sf.czbiohub.org/search/NCAN","total_profiled":1310},"omim":[{"mim_id":"600826","title":"CHONDROITIN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN 3; CSPG3","url":"https://www.omim.org/entry/600826"}],"hpa":{"profiled":true,"resolved_as":"","reliability":"","locations":[],"tissue_specificity":"Tissue enriched","tissue_distribution":"Detected in some","driving_tissues":[{"tissue":"brain","ntpm":98.5}],"url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/search/NCAN"},"hgnc":{"alias_symbol":[],"prev_symbol":["CSPG3"]},"alphafold":{"accession":"O14594","domains":[{"cath_id":"2.60.40.10","chopping":"38-157","consensus_level":"high","plddt":84.0319,"start":38,"end":157},{"cath_id":"3.10.100.10","chopping":"160-359","consensus_level":"medium","plddt":90.7442,"start":160,"end":359},{"cath_id":"3.10.100.10","chopping":"1061-1213","consensus_level":"high","plddt":89.6646,"start":1061,"end":1213},{"cath_id":"2.10.70.10","chopping":"1225-1273","consensus_level":"high","plddt":85.7527,"start":1225,"end":1273}],"viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/O14594","model_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-O14594-F1-model_v6.cif","pae_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-O14594-F1-predicted_aligned_error_v6.png","plddt_mean":57.81},"mouse_models":{"mgi_url":"https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/summary?nomen=NCAN","jax_strain_url":"https://www.jax.org/strain/search?query=NCAN"},"sequence":{"accession":"O14594","fasta_url":"https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O14594.fasta","uniprot_url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O14594/entry","alphafold_viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/O14594"}},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"22497794","id":"PMC_22497794","title":"Association between schizophrenia and common variation in neurocan (NCAN), a genetic risk factor for bipolar disorder.","date":"2012","source":"Schizophrenia research","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22497794","citation_count":64,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"23795679","id":"PMC_23795679","title":"Common variation in NCAN, a risk factor for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, influences local cortical folding in schizophrenia.","date":"2014","source":"Psychological medicine","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23795679","citation_count":49,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"24946282","id":"PMC_24946282","title":"A common polymorphism in the NCAN gene is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic liver disease.","date":"2014","source":"Journal of hepatology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24946282","citation_count":40,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"27853371","id":"PMC_27853371","title":"The NCAN gene: schizophrenia susceptibility and cognitive dysfunction.","date":"2016","source":"Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27853371","citation_count":27,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"25220293","id":"PMC_25220293","title":"A genome-wide supported psychiatric risk variant in NCAN influences brain function and cognitive performance in healthy subjects.","date":"2014","source":"Human brain mapping","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25220293","citation_count":26,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"28839234","id":"PMC_28839234","title":"Identification of NCAN as a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia.","date":"2017","source":"Scientific reports","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28839234","citation_count":16,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"9795216","id":"PMC_9795216","title":"Characterization of the human neurocan gene, CSPG3.","date":"1998","source":"Gene","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9795216","citation_count":16,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"32568739","id":"PMC_32568739","title":"Association of the NCAN-TM6SF2-CILP2-PBX4-SUGP1-MAU2 SNPs and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions with serum lipid levels.","date":"2020","source":"Aging","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32568739","citation_count":15,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"21107918","id":"PMC_21107918","title":"Upregulation of CSPG3 accompanies neuronal progenitor proliferation and migration in EAE.","date":"2010","source":"Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21107918","citation_count":13,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"29998116","id":"PMC_29998116","title":"Further Evidence of an Association between NCAN rs1064395 and Bipolar Disorder.","date":"2018","source":"Molecular neuropsychiatry","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29998116","citation_count":12,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"26758378","id":"PMC_26758378","title":"Replication analysis of genetic association of the NCAN-CILP2 region with plasma lipid levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian and Pacific ethnic groups.","date":"2016","source":"Lipids in health and disease","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26758378","citation_count":10,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"27887608","id":"PMC_27887608","title":"Role of NCAN rs2228603 polymorphism in the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study.","date":"2016","source":"Lipids in health and disease","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27887608","citation_count":5,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"40806538","id":"PMC_40806538","title":"Contribution of PNPLA3, GCKR, MBOAT7, NCAN, and TM6SF2 Genetic Variants to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Mexican Patients.","date":"2025","source":"International journal of molecular sciences","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40806538","citation_count":1,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"38800981","id":"PMC_38800981","title":"Neuromodulation of Cardiovascular Risks Associated With Cardiotoxic Chemotherapy: A First-in-Human Randomized Pilot Study. Neuromodulation in Cancer Study (NCAN).","date":"2024","source":"American journal of clinical oncology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38800981","citation_count":1,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":null,"id":"bio_10.1101_2024.10.13.24315422","title":"Discovery of novel obesity genes through cross-ancestry analysis","date":"2024-10-16","source":"bioRxiv","url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.13.24315422","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":true},{"pmid":null,"id":"bio_10.1101_2025.01.31.635882","title":"Viral-mediated fluorescent labeling of hyaluronan reveals extracellular matrix dynamics in the mouse brain in vivo","date":"2025-02-05","source":"bioRxiv","url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.635882","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":true}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":10614,"output_tokens":1107,"usd":0.024223,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":7688,"output_tokens":1658,"usd":0.039945,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.064168,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_013a8chtv3AWyTqv4z4sEF4C","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01AHsuW63vinsvuTgzmQ3n62","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 1998,\n      \"finding\": \"Human neurocan (NCAN/CSPG3) encodes a 1321 amino acid chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with brain-specific expression (7.5 kb transcript on Northern blot), mapped to chromosome 19, spanning ~41 kb genomic sequence transcribed in the telomere-to-centromere orientation; it shares 63% amino acid identity with mouse and rat orthologs.\",\n      \"method\": \"cDNA sequencing, Northern blot analysis, chromosomal mapping by cosmid hybridization, genomic sequencing\",\n      \"journal\": \"Gene\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — multiple orthogonal methods (sequencing, Northern blot, chromosomal mapping) in a single characterization study establishing primary structure and expression\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"9795216\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"finding\": \"CSPG3 (neurocan) is upregulated in periventricular white matter and cortex following primary inflammatory injury (EAE), temporally coinciding with neuronal progenitor cell proliferation and migration in the SVZ, corpus callosum, and cortex, and reactive astrogliosis (increased GFAP immunoreactivity), suggesting a role in CNS lesion remodeling.\",\n      \"method\": \"EAE mouse model (MOG 35-55 immunization), immunofluorescence microscopy for CSPG3, GFAP, MBP, CNPase; BrdU incorporation for NPC proliferation\",\n      \"journal\": \"Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, correlative immunofluorescence localization without functional rescue or mechanistic pathway placement for NCAN specifically\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"21107918\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2014,\n      \"finding\": \"NCAN is expressed not only in neural tissue but also in human liver, as demonstrated by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy of liver samples.\",\n      \"method\": \"RT-PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy on human liver tissue\",\n      \"journal\": \"Journal of hepatology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, two methods (RT-PCR + immunofluorescence) but purely localization without functional consequence established\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"24946282\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"finding\": \"The hyaluronan (HA)-binding domain of neurocan (NCAN) is sufficient to bind HA and label brain extracellular matrix when fused to GFP and secreted via AAV-mediated expression; the probe labels both perineuronal nets and interstitial matrix in vivo, validated by colocalization with HABP and sensitivity to hyaluronidase.\",\n      \"method\": \"AAV-mediated expression of NCAN HA-binding domain fused to GFP (AAV-Ncan-GFP) in mouse brain organotypic slices and in vivo cortex; colocalization with HABP, hyaluronidase sensitivity assay, shadow imaging for extracellular localization\",\n      \"journal\": \"bioRxiv\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct functional domain validation with multiple orthogonal methods (colocalization, enzymatic sensitivity, live imaging) in a single preprint study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"bio_10.1101_2025.01.31.635882\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": true\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"NCAN encodes neurocan, a brain-enriched (and also liver-expressed) chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan whose hyaluronan-binding domain directly engages HA to scaffold the brain extracellular matrix (including perineuronal nets), and whose expression is upregulated in reactive astrogliosis coincident with neuronal progenitor proliferation following CNS inflammatory injury; common coding and non-coding variants in NCAN are associated with psychiatric and metabolic phenotypes, but the downstream molecular mechanisms linking these variants to protein function remain unestablished by direct experiment.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"NCAN encodes neurocan, a brain-expressed chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan whose hyaluronan-binding domain directly engages hyaluronan to scaffold the brain extracellular matrix, including perineuronal nets and the interstitial matrix [#0, #3]. The isolated HA-binding domain is sufficient for this interaction: when secreted as a GFP fusion in mouse brain, it labels extracellular matrix in a manner that colocalizes with hyaluronan-binding protein and is abolished by hyaluronidase [#3]. Neurocan is also expressed outside the nervous system, in human liver [#2], and its expression rises in cortical and periventricular white matter during inflammatory CNS injury, coincident with reactive astrogliosis and neural progenitor proliferation, consistent with a role in lesion remodeling [#1]. Beyond hyaluronan engagement and these expression correlations, no downstream signaling mechanism or interaction partner has been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 1998,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing the primary structure and tissue specificity of human neurocan was the first step in defining it as a discrete brain proteoglycan rather than an ortholog inferred from rodents.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"cDNA sequencing, Northern blot, and chromosomal mapping of the human NCAN/CSPG3 gene\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"9795216\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"no functional domain mapped at this stage\",\n        \"binding partners and matrix role not yet addressed\",\n        \"post-translational chondroitin sulfate modification not characterized\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"claim\": \"Linking neurocan expression to CNS inflammatory injury raised the question of whether it participates in lesion remodeling and progenitor responses.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"immunofluorescence and BrdU labeling in the EAE mouse model showing CSPG3 upregulation coincident with astrogliosis and NPC proliferation\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"21107918\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"correlative localization without functional rescue or loss-of-function\",\n        \"no mechanistic placement of NCAN in any signaling pathway\",\n        \"causal contribution to progenitor proliferation not tested\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2014,\n      \"claim\": \"Detection of NCAN in human liver extended its expression beyond neural tissue, opening the question of an extra-neural function.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"RT-PCR and immunofluorescence on human liver tissue\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"24946282\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"localization only, no functional consequence established\",\n        \"hepatic interaction partners unknown\",\n        \"relevance to metabolic phenotypes not tested\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"claim\": \"Direct demonstration that the HA-binding domain alone is sufficient to engage hyaluronan and label brain ECM established the molecular basis of neurocan's matrix-scaffolding role.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"AAV-expressed NCAN HA-binding domain–GFP fusion in mouse brain slices and cortex, validated by HABP colocalization and hyaluronidase sensitivity (preprint)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"bio_10.1101_2025.01.31.635882\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"demonstrates a probe activity but not the full-length protein's in situ function\",\n        \"does not identify additional matrix or cell-surface partners\",\n        \"does not connect HA binding to perineuronal net assembly mechanism\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"How NCAN coding and regulatory variation alters protein function to influence psychiatric and metabolic phenotypes remains unresolved by direct experiment.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"no direct functional study in the timeline\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"no variant-to-function experiment in the corpus\",\n        \"downstream signaling pathway undefined\",\n        \"interaction partners beyond hyaluronan unidentified\"\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005198\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 3]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0031012\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005576\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [],\n    \"other_free_text\": []\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"evaluation":{"pairwise":"win","faith_supported":1,"faith_total":2,"faith_pct":50.0}}