{"gene":"KIF24","run_date":"2026-06-10T02:59:49","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2011,"finding":"KIF24 physically interacts with CP110 and Cep97 at the mother centriole, preferentially localizing to mother centrioles, and is able to bind and depolymerize microtubules in vitro. Ectopically expressed KIF24 specifically remodels centriolar microtubules without significantly altering cytoplasmic microtubules, and loss of KIF24 leads to aberrant cilia assembly and disappearance of CP110 from mother centrioles in cycling cells.","method":"Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro microtubule depolymerization assay, immunofluorescence localization, siRNA knockdown with ciliogenesis phenotype readout","journal":"Cell","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 1-2 / Strong — in vitro biochemical assay, Co-IP binding partner identification, and KD phenotype with multiple orthogonal methods in a single rigorous study","pmids":["21620453"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2015,"finding":"KIF24 is phosphorylated by the S/G2 phase kinase NEK2, which stimulates KIF24's microtubule-depolymerizing activity and prevents outgrowth of cilia in proliferating cells. Co-localization of NEK2 and KIF24 triggers this phosphorylation event, shifting the balance toward cilium disassembly, and this mechanism operates independently of Aurora A and HDAC6.","method":"In vitro kinase assay, co-localization imaging, siRNA knockdown epistasis, ciliogenesis assay","journal":"Nature communications","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 1-2 / Strong — direct kinase-substrate relationship established by kinase assay and epistasis, replicated across multiple cell-based assays","pmids":["26290419"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2018,"finding":"MPP9 (M-Phase Phosphoprotein 9) is recruited by KIF24 to the distal end of the mother centriole, where it forms a ring-like structure and recruits the CP110-CEP97 complex by directly binding CEP97. This positions KIF24 as an upstream recruiter of MPP9 in the CP110-CEP97 retention pathway at the mother centriole.","method":"Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence localization, siRNA knockdown with ciliogenesis phenotype, in vivo mouse kidney model","journal":"Nature communications","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Strong — reciprocal Co-IP, multiple orthogonal methods, in vivo validation in mouse kidney","pmids":["30375385"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2022,"finding":"KIF24 depletion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells harboring supernumerary centrosomes suppresses multipolar spindle formation by inducing centrosome clustering, independently of effects on primary cilia. KIF24 depletion also induced hyper-proliferation and improved mitotic progression in PDAC cells, and disruption of primary cilia failed to recapitulate these effects.","method":"siRNA knockdown, spindle formation assay, proliferation assay, cilia disruption epistasis","journal":"Life science alliance","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO/KD with defined cellular phenotype (spindle formation, proliferation), single lab, multiple assays but no biochemical reconstitution","pmids":["35803737"],"is_preprint":false}],"current_model":"KIF24 is a kinesin-13 subfamily microtubule-depolymerizing motor that localizes preferentially to mother centrioles, where it interacts with CP110 and Cep97 to suppress ciliogenesis in cycling cells; its activity is stimulated by NEK2-mediated phosphorylation during S/G2 phase to maintain cilia disassembly, and it recruits MPP9 to the distal mother centriole to retain the CP110-CEP97 complex, while also playing a cilia-independent role in suppressing centrosome clustering in cells with supernumerary centrosomes."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"KIF24 is a microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin that acts at the mother centriole to suppress ciliogenesis in cycling cells [PMID:21620453]. It binds and depolymerizes microtubules in vitro and selectively remodels centriolar microtubules, physically associating with the CP110 and Cep97 centriolar cap proteins, whose retention at the mother centriole depends on KIF24 [PMID:21620453]. KIF24 functions as the upstream recruiter of MPP9 to the distal mother centriole, where MPP9 forms a ring-like structure and directly binds CEP97 to retain the CP110-CEP97 complex [PMID:30375385]. Its microtubule-depolymerizing activity is switched on by NEK2-mediated phosphorylation during S/G2 phase, tilting the balance toward cilium disassembly independently of Aurora A and HDAC6 [PMID:26290419]. Beyond ciliogenesis, KIF24 has a cilia-independent role in restraining centrosome clustering: in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells with supernumerary centrosomes, its depletion induces centrosome clustering, suppresses multipolar spindle formation, and promotes proliferation without recapitulation by cilia disruption [PMID:35803737].","teleology":[{"year":2011,"claim":"Established that KIF24 is a centriole-localized microtubule depolymerase that suppresses ciliogenesis, answering how the CP110-Cep97 cap restrains cilium formation through an enzymatic effector.","evidence":"Co-IP, in vitro microtubule depolymerization assay, immunofluorescence, and siRNA knockdown with ciliogenesis readout","pmids":["21620453"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Structural basis of selective centriolar versus cytoplasmic microtubule remodeling not defined","Mechanism of preferential mother-centriole targeting not resolved"]},{"year":2015,"claim":"Identified NEK2 phosphorylation as the cell-cycle switch that activates KIF24, explaining how depolymerase activity is timed to S/G2 to keep proliferating cells cilium-free.","evidence":"In vitro kinase assay, co-localization imaging, siRNA epistasis, and ciliogenesis assay","pmids":["26290419"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Phosphosites on KIF24 not mapped to function","How phosphorylation mechanistically stimulates depolymerization unresolved"]},{"year":2018,"claim":"Placed KIF24 upstream of MPP9 in CP110-CEP97 retention, defining the recruitment hierarchy that positions the centriolar cap at the distal mother centriole.","evidence":"Reciprocal Co-IP, immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown ciliogenesis phenotype, and in vivo mouse kidney model","pmids":["30375385"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Direct binding interface between KIF24 and MPP9 not mapped","How MPP9 ring assembly is geometrically organized unclear"]},{"year":2022,"claim":"Revealed a cilia-independent function of KIF24 in preventing centrosome clustering, showing its loss promotes bipolar spindles and proliferation in cancer cells with extra centrosomes.","evidence":"siRNA knockdown, spindle formation and proliferation assays, and cilia-disruption epistasis in PDAC cells","pmids":["35803737"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No biochemical reconstitution of the clustering-suppression mechanism","Single lab, single cancer-cell context","Molecular effectors linking KIF24 to centrosome separation unidentified"]},{"year":null,"claim":"How KIF24's two functions — ciliogenesis suppression and centrosome-clustering restraint — are molecularly partitioned remains open.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No structural model of KIF24","Mechanistic basis of cilia-independent centrosome role undefined"]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[{"term_id":"GO:0140098","term_label":"catalytic activity, acting on RNA","supporting_discovery_ids":[0]},{"term_id":"GO:0003774","term_label":"cytoskeletal motor activity","supporting_discovery_ids":[0]},{"term_id":"GO:0008092","term_label":"cytoskeletal protein binding","supporting_discovery_ids":[0]}],"localization":[{"term_id":"GO:0005815","term_label":"microtubule organizing center","supporting_discovery_ids":[0,2]}],"pathway":[{"term_id":"R-HSA-1852241","term_label":"Organelle biogenesis and maintenance","supporting_discovery_ids":[0,2]},{"term_id":"R-HSA-1640170","term_label":"Cell Cycle","supporting_discovery_ids":[3]}],"complexes":[],"partners":["CP110","CEP97","NEK2","MPP9"],"other_free_text":[]}},"prefetch_data":{"uniprot":{"accession":"Q5T7B8","full_name":"Kinesin-like protein KIF24","aliases":[],"length_aa":1368,"mass_kda":151.9,"function":"Microtubule-dependent motor protein that acts as a negative regulator of ciliogenesis by mediating recruitment of CCP110 to mother centriole in cycling cells, leading to restrict nucleation of cilia at centrioles. Mediates depolymerization of microtubules of centriolar origin, possibly to suppress aberrant cilia formation (PubMed:21620453). Following activation by NEK2 involved in disassembly of primary cilium during G2/M phase but does not disassemble fully formed ciliary axonemes. As cilium assembly and disassembly is proposed to coexist in a dynamic equilibrium may suppress nascent cilium assembly and, potentially, ciliar re-assembly in cells that have already disassembled their cilia ensuring the completion of cilium removal in the later stages of the cell cycle (PubMed:26290419). Plays an important role in recruiting MPHOSPH9, a negative regulator of cilia formation to the distal end of mother centriole (PubMed:30375385)","subcellular_location":"Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole; Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q5T7B8/entry"},"depmap":{"release":"DepMap","has_data":true,"is_common_essential":false,"resolved_as":"","url":"https://depmap.org/portal/gene/KIF24","classification":"Not Classified","n_dependent_lines":3,"n_total_lines":1208,"dependency_fraction":0.0024834437086092716},"opencell":{"profiled":false,"resolved_as":"","ensg_id":"","cell_line_id":"","localizations":[],"interactors":[],"url":"https://opencell.sf.czbiohub.org/search/KIF24","total_profiled":1310},"omim":[{"mim_id":"613747","title":"KINESIN FAMILY MEMBER 24; KIF24","url":"https://www.omim.org/entry/613747"},{"mim_id":"609544","title":"CENTRIOLAR COILED-COIL PROTEIN, 110-KD; CCP110","url":"https://www.omim.org/entry/609544"}],"hpa":{"profiled":true,"resolved_as":"","reliability":"","locations":[],"tissue_specificity":"Tissue enhanced","tissue_distribution":"Detected in some","driving_tissues":[{"tissue":"testis","ntpm":10.5}],"url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/search/KIF24"},"hgnc":{"alias_symbol":["bA571F15.4","FLJ10933","FLJ43884"],"prev_symbol":["C9orf48"]},"alphafold":{"accession":"Q5T7B8","domains":[{"cath_id":"1.10.150.50","chopping":"2-68","consensus_level":"high","plddt":85.8221,"start":2,"end":68},{"cath_id":"3.40.850.10","chopping":"189-197_220-549","consensus_level":"medium","plddt":87.9178,"start":189,"end":549},{"cath_id":"1.10.287","chopping":"1291-1355","consensus_level":"high","plddt":86.7171,"start":1291,"end":1355}],"viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q5T7B8","model_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q5T7B8-F1-model_v6.cif","pae_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q5T7B8-F1-predicted_aligned_error_v6.png","plddt_mean":51.41},"mouse_models":{"mgi_url":"https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/summary?nomen=KIF24","jax_strain_url":"https://www.jax.org/strain/search?query=KIF24"},"sequence":{"accession":"Q5T7B8","fasta_url":"https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q5T7B8.fasta","uniprot_url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q5T7B8/entry","alphafold_viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q5T7B8"}},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"21620453","id":"PMC_21620453","title":"Centriolar kinesin Kif24 interacts with CP110 to remodel microtubules and regulate ciliogenesis.","date":"2011","source":"Cell","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21620453","citation_count":165,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"24391143","id":"PMC_24391143","title":"Kinesin family deregulation coordinated by bromodomain protein ANCCA and histone methyltransferase MLL for breast cancer cell growth, survival, and tamoxifen resistance.","date":"2014","source":"Molecular cancer research : MCR","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24391143","citation_count":145,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"26290419","id":"PMC_26290419","title":"Nek2 activation of Kif24 ensures cilium disassembly during the cell cycle.","date":"2015","source":"Nature communications","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26290419","citation_count":137,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"26719793","id":"PMC_26719793","title":"Current topics of functional links between primary cilia and cell cycle.","date":"2015","source":"Cilia","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26719793","citation_count":135,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"34148545","id":"PMC_34148545","title":"Identification of sixteen novel candidate genes for late onset Parkinson's disease.","date":"2021","source":"Molecular neurodegeneration","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34148545","citation_count":70,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"30375385","id":"PMC_30375385","title":"M-Phase Phosphoprotein 9 regulates ciliogenesis by modulating CP110-CEP97 complex localization at the mother centriole.","date":"2018","source":"Nature communications","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30375385","citation_count":68,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"22365849","id":"PMC_22365849","title":"Klp10A, a microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin-13, cooperates with CP110 to control Drosophila centriole length.","date":"2012","source":"Current biology : CB","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22365849","citation_count":52,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"21124853","id":"PMC_21124853","title":"The expanded Kinesin-13 repertoire of trypanosomes contains only one mitotic Kinesin indicating multiple extra-nuclear roles.","date":"2010","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21124853","citation_count":32,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"36619972","id":"PMC_36619972","title":"Identifying biomarkers of differential chemotherapy response in TNBC patient-derived xenografts with a CTD/WGCNA approach.","date":"2022","source":"iScience","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36619972","citation_count":30,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"34298439","id":"PMC_34298439","title":"Driver and novel genes correlated with metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer: A comprehensive analysis.","date":"2021","source":"Pathology, research and practice","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34298439","citation_count":27,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"27716277","id":"PMC_27716277","title":"Array-CGH diagnosis in ovarian failure: identification of new molecular actors for ovarian physiology.","date":"2016","source":"Journal of ovarian research","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27716277","citation_count":26,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"32636717","id":"PMC_32636717","title":"The plasma peptides of sepsis.","date":"2020","source":"Clinical proteomics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32636717","citation_count":26,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"37809716","id":"PMC_37809716","title":"Integrative analysis of cancer-associated fibroblast signature in gastric cancer.","date":"2023","source":"Heliyon","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37809716","citation_count":17,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"20670673","id":"PMC_20670673","title":"Is KIF24 a genetic risk factor for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration?","date":"2010","source":"Neuroscience letters","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20670673","citation_count":10,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"37222843","id":"PMC_37222843","title":"Recent advances in novel mutation genes of Parkinson's disease.","date":"2023","source":"Journal of neurology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37222843","citation_count":9,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"35803737","id":"PMC_35803737","title":"KIF24 depletion induces clustering of supernumerary centrosomes in PDAC cells.","date":"2022","source":"Life science alliance","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35803737","citation_count":8,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"22754624","id":"PMC_22754624","title":"STARD9/Kif16a is a novel mitotic kinesin and antimitotic target.","date":"2012","source":"Bioarchitecture","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22754624","citation_count":7,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"29081410","id":"PMC_29081410","title":"Whole-exome sequencing to identify novel mutations of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome in a Chinese population.","date":"2017","source":"Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29081410","citation_count":5,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"38137010","id":"PMC_38137010","title":"Optical Genome Mapping Helps to Identify BCR::JAK2 Rearrangement Arising from Cryptic Complex Chromosomal Aberrations: A Case Report and Literature Review.","date":"2023","source":"Genes","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38137010","citation_count":2,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"38857829","id":"PMC_38857829","title":"Biallelic loss-of-function variants in the centriolar protein CCP110 leads to a ciliopathy-like phenotype.","date":"2024","source":"European journal of medical genetics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38857829","citation_count":1,"is_preprint":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":12517,"output_tokens":1161,"usd":0.027483,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":7725,"output_tokens":1827,"usd":0.04215,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.069633,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01BbTCMyrRPyhtEq6b1MdwCN","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_011dEed5bbxYvTAaQWKJevxu","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2011,\n      \"finding\": \"KIF24 physically interacts with CP110 and Cep97 at the mother centriole, preferentially localizing to mother centrioles, and is able to bind and depolymerize microtubules in vitro. Ectopically expressed KIF24 specifically remodels centriolar microtubules without significantly altering cytoplasmic microtubules, and loss of KIF24 leads to aberrant cilia assembly and disappearance of CP110 from mother centrioles in cycling cells.\",\n      \"method\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro microtubule depolymerization assay, immunofluorescence localization, siRNA knockdown with ciliogenesis phenotype readout\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cell\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 1-2 / Strong — in vitro biochemical assay, Co-IP binding partner identification, and KD phenotype with multiple orthogonal methods in a single rigorous study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"21620453\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"finding\": \"KIF24 is phosphorylated by the S/G2 phase kinase NEK2, which stimulates KIF24's microtubule-depolymerizing activity and prevents outgrowth of cilia in proliferating cells. Co-localization of NEK2 and KIF24 triggers this phosphorylation event, shifting the balance toward cilium disassembly, and this mechanism operates independently of Aurora A and HDAC6.\",\n      \"method\": \"In vitro kinase assay, co-localization imaging, siRNA knockdown epistasis, ciliogenesis assay\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nature communications\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 1-2 / Strong — direct kinase-substrate relationship established by kinase assay and epistasis, replicated across multiple cell-based assays\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26290419\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"finding\": \"MPP9 (M-Phase Phosphoprotein 9) is recruited by KIF24 to the distal end of the mother centriole, where it forms a ring-like structure and recruits the CP110-CEP97 complex by directly binding CEP97. This positions KIF24 as an upstream recruiter of MPP9 in the CP110-CEP97 retention pathway at the mother centriole.\",\n      \"method\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence localization, siRNA knockdown with ciliogenesis phenotype, in vivo mouse kidney model\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nature communications\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Strong — reciprocal Co-IP, multiple orthogonal methods, in vivo validation in mouse kidney\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"30375385\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"KIF24 depletion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells harboring supernumerary centrosomes suppresses multipolar spindle formation by inducing centrosome clustering, independently of effects on primary cilia. KIF24 depletion also induced hyper-proliferation and improved mitotic progression in PDAC cells, and disruption of primary cilia failed to recapitulate these effects.\",\n      \"method\": \"siRNA knockdown, spindle formation assay, proliferation assay, cilia disruption epistasis\",\n      \"journal\": \"Life science alliance\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO/KD with defined cellular phenotype (spindle formation, proliferation), single lab, multiple assays but no biochemical reconstitution\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35803737\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"KIF24 is a kinesin-13 subfamily microtubule-depolymerizing motor that localizes preferentially to mother centrioles, where it interacts with CP110 and Cep97 to suppress ciliogenesis in cycling cells; its activity is stimulated by NEK2-mediated phosphorylation during S/G2 phase to maintain cilia disassembly, and it recruits MPP9 to the distal mother centriole to retain the CP110-CEP97 complex, while also playing a cilia-independent role in suppressing centrosome clustering in cells with supernumerary centrosomes.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"KIF24 is a microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin that acts at the mother centriole to suppress ciliogenesis in cycling cells [#0]. It binds and depolymerizes microtubules in vitro and selectively remodels centriolar microtubules, physically associating with the CP110 and Cep97 centriolar cap proteins, whose retention at the mother centriole depends on KIF24 [#0]. KIF24 functions as the upstream recruiter of MPP9 to the distal mother centriole, where MPP9 forms a ring-like structure and directly binds CEP97 to retain the CP110-CEP97 complex [#2]. Its microtubule-depolymerizing activity is switched on by NEK2-mediated phosphorylation during S/G2 phase, tilting the balance toward cilium disassembly independently of Aurora A and HDAC6 [#1]. Beyond ciliogenesis, KIF24 has a cilia-independent role in restraining centrosome clustering: in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells with supernumerary centrosomes, its depletion induces centrosome clustering, suppresses multipolar spindle formation, and promotes proliferation without recapitulation by cilia disruption [#3].\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2011,\n      \"claim\": \"Established that KIF24 is a centriole-localized microtubule depolymerase that suppresses ciliogenesis, answering how the CP110-Cep97 cap restrains cilium formation through an enzymatic effector.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Co-IP, in vitro microtubule depolymerization assay, immunofluorescence, and siRNA knockdown with ciliogenesis readout\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"21620453\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Structural basis of selective centriolar versus cytoplasmic microtubule remodeling not defined\", \"Mechanism of preferential mother-centriole targeting not resolved\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"claim\": \"Identified NEK2 phosphorylation as the cell-cycle switch that activates KIF24, explaining how depolymerase activity is timed to S/G2 to keep proliferating cells cilium-free.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"In vitro kinase assay, co-localization imaging, siRNA epistasis, and ciliogenesis assay\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26290419\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Phosphosites on KIF24 not mapped to function\", \"How phosphorylation mechanistically stimulates depolymerization unresolved\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"claim\": \"Placed KIF24 upstream of MPP9 in CP110-CEP97 retention, defining the recruitment hierarchy that positions the centriolar cap at the distal mother centriole.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Reciprocal Co-IP, immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown ciliogenesis phenotype, and in vivo mouse kidney model\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"30375385\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Direct binding interface between KIF24 and MPP9 not mapped\", \"How MPP9 ring assembly is geometrically organized unclear\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"Revealed a cilia-independent function of KIF24 in preventing centrosome clustering, showing its loss promotes bipolar spindles and proliferation in cancer cells with extra centrosomes.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"siRNA knockdown, spindle formation and proliferation assays, and cilia-disruption epistasis in PDAC cells\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35803737\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No biochemical reconstitution of the clustering-suppression mechanism\", \"Single lab, single cancer-cell context\", \"Molecular effectors linking KIF24 to centrosome separation unidentified\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"How KIF24's two functions — ciliogenesis suppression and centrosome-clustering restraint — are molecularly partitioned remains open.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No structural model of KIF24\", \"Mechanistic basis of cilia-independent centrosome role undefined\"]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0140098\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0003774\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0008092\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005815\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 2]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-1852241\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 2]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-1640170\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [\"CP110\", \"CEP97\", \"NEK2\", \"MPP9\"],\n    \"other_free_text\": []\n  }\n}\n```","audit_flag":null,"evaluation":{"pairwise":"win","faith_supported":5,"faith_total":5,"faith_pct":100.0}}