{"gene":"HDGFL1","run_date":"2026-04-28T18:06:53","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":1999,"finding":"HDGFL1 (HRP-1, hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein 1), a member of the HDGF gene family, is expressed in a testis-specific manner in mice. Its mRNA and protein are detected exclusively in the nuclei of germ cells (not somatic cells), with expression from pachytene spermatocyte through round spermatid stages. HRP-1 expression is absent in the ovary and is not detected in the testes of cryptorchid mice or certain azoospermic mutant mouse strains, indicating a role specifically in the meiotic/post-meiotic phases of spermatogenesis.","method":"Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry on normal and azoospermic mouse testes","journal":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 — direct localization by immunohistochemistry and expression analysis by Northern blot in multiple genetic models; single lab, single study","pmids":["10462493"],"is_preprint":false}],"current_model":"HDGFL1 (HRP-1), a member of the HDGF gene family, localizes to the nuclei of male germ cells in a testis-specific manner and is expressed from pachytene spermatocyte through round spermatid, implicating it in a nuclear role during meiotic cell division in spermatogenesis."},"narrative":{"teleology":[{"year":1999,"claim":"The first characterization of HDGFL1 established that, unlike the broadly expressed HDGF, this paralog is confined to male germ-cell nuclei during meiosis and early spermiogenesis, answering whether HDGF-family members have tissue-restricted roles.","evidence":"Northern blot and immunohistochemistry on normal, cryptorchid, and azoospermic mutant mouse testes","pmids":["10462493"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Single-study observation not independently replicated","No loss-of-function experiment to determine whether HDGFL1 is required for spermatogenesis","Molecular activity (e.g., DNA/chromatin binding, growth factor signaling) not investigated"]},{"year":null,"claim":"The molecular function of HDGFL1 in germ-cell nuclei — whether it acts as a chromatin regulator, transcription factor, or growth factor — and whether its loss causes male infertility remain entirely open questions.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No knockout or knockdown phenotype reported","No binding partners or target genes identified","No structural or biochemical characterization of the PWWP/HATH domain in HDGFL1"]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[{"term_id":"GO:0005634","term_label":"nucleus","supporting_discovery_ids":[0]}],"pathway":[{"term_id":"R-HSA-1474165","term_label":"Reproduction","supporting_discovery_ids":[0]}],"complexes":[],"partners":[],"other_free_text":[]},"mechanistic_narrative":"HDGFL1 (also known as HRP-1) is a testis-specific member of the HDGF family whose expression is restricted to the nuclei of male germ cells from the pachytene spermatocyte through the round spermatid stage, implicating it in nuclear functions during meiotic and early post-meiotic spermatogenesis [PMID:10462493]. Its absence in ovarian tissue, in cryptorchid testes, and in certain azoospermic mutant mouse strains links it specifically to active male germ-cell differentiation rather than somatic testicular function [PMID:10462493]. The precise molecular activity of HDGFL1 within the germ-cell nucleus remains uncharacterized."},"prefetch_data":{"uniprot":{"accession":"Q5TGJ6","full_name":"Hepatoma-derived growth factor-like protein 1","aliases":["PWWP domain-containing protein 1"],"length_aa":251,"mass_kda":27.2,"function":"","subcellular_location":"","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q5TGJ6/entry"},"depmap":{"release":"DepMap","has_data":true,"is_common_essential":false,"resolved_as":"","url":"https://depmap.org/portal/gene/HDGFL1","classification":"Not Classified","n_dependent_lines":2,"n_total_lines":1208,"dependency_fraction":0.0016556291390728477},"opencell":{"profiled":false,"resolved_as":"","ensg_id":"","cell_line_id":"","localizations":[],"interactors":[],"url":"https://opencell.sf.czbiohub.org/search/HDGFL1","total_profiled":1310},"omim":[{"mim_id":"617884","title":"HEPATOMA-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 2; HDGFL2","url":"https://www.omim.org/entry/617884"}],"hpa":{"profiled":true,"resolved_as":"","reliability":"Approved","locations":[{"location":"Nucleoplasm","reliability":"Approved"},{"location":"Nucleoli fibrillar center","reliability":"Approved"}],"tissue_specificity":"Tissue enriched","tissue_distribution":"Detected in single","driving_tissues":[{"tissue":"testis","ntpm":87.5}],"url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/search/HDGFL1"},"hgnc":{"alias_symbol":["dJ309H15.1","Hdgfrp1","HRP-1"],"prev_symbol":["PWWP1"]},"alphafold":{"accession":"Q5TGJ6","domains":[{"cath_id":"2.30.30.140","chopping":"12-84","consensus_level":"high","plddt":92.9903,"start":12,"end":84}],"viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q5TGJ6","model_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q5TGJ6-F1-model_v6.cif","pae_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q5TGJ6-F1-predicted_aligned_error_v6.png","plddt_mean":64.06},"mouse_models":{"mgi_url":"https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/summary?nomen=HDGFL1","jax_strain_url":"https://www.jax.org/strain/search?query=HDGFL1"},"sequence":{"accession":"Q5TGJ6","fasta_url":"https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q5TGJ6.fasta","uniprot_url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q5TGJ6/entry","alphafold_viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q5TGJ6"}},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"31285596","id":"PMC_31285596","title":"Fragment-based discovery of a chemical probe for the PWWP1 domain of NSD3.","date":"2019","source":"Nature chemical biology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31285596","citation_count":75,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"15647598","id":"PMC_15647598","title":"Effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolites on fatty acid homeostasis regulating proteins in rat placental HRP-1 trophoblast cells.","date":"2005","source":"Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15647598","citation_count":68,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"16809480","id":"PMC_16809480","title":"Expression and transport activity of breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp/Abcg2) in dually perfused rat placenta and HRP-1 cell line.","date":"2006","source":"The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16809480","citation_count":65,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"16328440","id":"PMC_16328440","title":"Effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate and its metabolites on the lipid profiling in rat HRP-1 trophoblast cells.","date":"2005","source":"Archives of toxicology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16328440","citation_count":41,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"35704853","id":"PMC_35704853","title":"Structure-Based Discovery of a Series of NSD2-PWWP1 Inhibitors.","date":"2022","source":"Journal of medicinal chemistry","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35704853","citation_count":22,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"9223380","id":"PMC_9223380","title":"Permeability and metabolic properties of a trophoblast cell line (HRP-1) derived from normal rat placenta.","date":"1997","source":"Experimental cell research","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9223380","citation_count":18,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"10462493","id":"PMC_10462493","title":"Hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein (HRP)-1 gene in spermatogenesis in mice.","date":"1999","source":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10462493","citation_count":16,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"38748070","id":"PMC_38748070","title":"Identification of Novel Potent NSD2-PWWP1 Ligands Using Structure-Based Design and Computational Approaches.","date":"2024","source":"Journal of medicinal chemistry","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38748070","citation_count":10,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"40959233","id":"PMC_40959233","title":"Structural and Molecular Insight into the PWWP1 Domain of NSD2 from the Discovery of Novel Binders Via DNA-Encoded Library Screening.","date":"2025","source":"ACS medicinal chemistry letters","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40959233","citation_count":1,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"41264880","id":"PMC_41264880","title":"Fragment-Based Screening of NSD2-PWWP1 Identifies Novel Covalent Allosteric Ligands That Diminish Methyllysine and DNA Binding Abilities of NSD2.","date":"2025","source":"Journal of medicinal chemistry","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41264880","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"41820229","id":"PMC_41820229","title":"Fluorogenic Ligand Enables Identification of NSD3-Overexpressed Tumors by Targeting the PWWP1 Domain of NSD3.","date":"2026","source":"Analytical chemistry","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41820229","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":null,"id":"bio_10.1101_2024.08.02.24310874","title":"Genetics of Cardiac Aging Implicate Organ-Specific Variation","date":"2024-08-06","source":"bioRxiv","url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.02.24310874","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":true,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":null,"id":"bio_10.1101_2025.06.22.660966","title":"CellSpliceNet: Interpretable Multimodal Modeling of Alternative Splicing Across Neurons in <i>C. elegans</i>","date":"2025-06-26","source":"bioRxiv","url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.22.660966","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":true,"source_track":"pubmed_title"},{"pmid":"14702039","id":"PMC_14702039","title":"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.","date":"2003","source":"Nature genetics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14702039","citation_count":754,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"gene2pubmed"},{"pmid":"21873635","id":"PMC_21873635","title":"Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium.","date":"2011","source":"Briefings in bioinformatics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21873635","citation_count":656,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"gene2pubmed"},{"pmid":"16344560","id":"PMC_16344560","title":"Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes.","date":"2005","source":"Genome research","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16344560","citation_count":409,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"gene2pubmed"},{"pmid":"25224454","id":"PMC_25224454","title":"Genome-wide admixture and association study of serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity in African Americans.","date":"2014","source":"Human molecular genetics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25224454","citation_count":20,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"gene2pubmed"},{"pmid":"36724073","id":"PMC_36724073","title":"Sequential genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify genes regulating cell-surface expression of tetraspanins.","date":"2023","source":"Cell reports","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36724073","citation_count":20,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"gene2pubmed"},{"pmid":"37249651","id":"PMC_37249651","title":"TRIM21 ameliorates hepatic glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus by ubiquitination of PEPCK1 and FASN.","date":"2023","source":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37249651","citation_count":17,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"gene2pubmed"},{"pmid":"25742292","id":"PMC_25742292","title":"Genome-wide association study of parity in Bangladeshi women.","date":"2015","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25742292","citation_count":8,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"gene2pubmed"},{"pmid":"20509080","id":"PMC_20509080","title":"Mild intellectual disability associated with a progeny of father-daughter incest: genetic and environmental considerations.","date":"2010","source":"Journal of child sexual abuse","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20509080","citation_count":3,"is_preprint":false,"source_track":"gene2pubmed"}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":7511,"output_tokens":358,"usd":0.013952},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-6","input_tokens":3504,"output_tokens":604,"usd":0.04893},"total_usd":0.143784,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01DzrsgVgYngY1hvM3DU1yF2","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01KA9b7iRzKFdhoBUT7vCvSe","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard","round2_stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":11490,"output_tokens":1318,"usd":0.02712},"round2_rules_fired":"R3","round2_stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-6","input_tokens":3786,"output_tokens":677,"usd":0.053782}},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 1999,\n      \"finding\": \"HDGFL1 (HRP-1), a member of the HDGF gene family, shows testis-specific expression in mice and its protein product localizes exclusively to the nuclei of germ cells (not somatic cells), being expressed from pachytene spermatocyte to round spermatid stages, with expression absent in cryptorchid or certain mutant azoospermic mice, suggesting a role in meiotic cell division.\",\n      \"method\": \"Northern blot and immunohistochemistry in normal and azoospermic mouse testes\",\n      \"journal\": \"Biochemical and biophysical research communications\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 — direct localization by immunohistochemistry with functional inference from loss-of-expression phenotype; single lab, two orthogonal methods\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"10462493\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"HDGFL1 (HRP-1) is a testis-specific HDGF family member whose protein localizes to germ cell nuclei from pachytene spermatocyte to round spermatid stages, implicating it in meiotic cell division during spermatogenesis; no further mechanistic details (binding partners, enzymatic activity, or downstream pathway) have been established in the available literature.\"\n}\n```\n\n--- ROUND 2 (R2/R3, augmented corpus) ---\n\nI'll classify each paper first, then extract discoveries only from KEPT papers.\n\n**Classification:**\n\n1. PMID:31285596 — About NSD3-PWWP1 domain. NSD3 is encoded by WHSC1L1, not HDGFL1. EXCLUDE (alias collision — \"PWWP1\" here refers to a domain name within NSD3, not the gene HDGFL1).\n\n2. PMID:15647598 — About HRP-1 rat trophoblast cell line. HRP-1 here is a cell line name, not the HDGFL1 gene product. EXCLUDE (symbol collision).\n\n3. PMID:16809480 — About Bcrp in HRP-1 rat trophoblast cells. Same cell line. EXCLUDE.\n\n4. PMID:16328440 — About HRP-1 rat trophoblast cells and lipids. EXCLUDE (same cell line).\n\n5. PMID:35704853 — About NSD2-PWWP1 domain inhibitors. NSD2 is a different gene. EXCLUDE.\n\n6. PMID:9223380 — About HRP-1 rat trophoblast cell line permeability. EXCLUDE.\n\n7. PMID:10462493 — About \"HRP-1\" (hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein 1) in mouse spermatogenesis. This is the mouse ortholog of HDGFL1 (HDGF-related protein 1, also called HRP-1). KEEP.\n\n8. PMID:38748070 — About NSD2-PWWP1 domain. Different gene. EXCLUDE.\n\n9. PMID:40959233 — About NSD2-PWWP1 domain. Different gene. EXCLUDE.\n\n10. PMID:41264880 — About NSD2-PWWP1 domain. Different gene. EXCLUDE.\n\n11. PMID:41820229 — About NSD3-PWWP1 domain. Different gene. EXCLUDE.\n\n12. bio_10.1101_2024.08.02.24310874 — GWAS study mentioning HDGFL1 locus in cardiac aging. No mechanistic findings about the protein itself. EXCLUDE (expression/association only).\n\n13. bio_10.1101_2025.06.22.660966 — About C. elegans splicing; mentions hrp-1 as a splicing factor. This is a C. elegans RNA-binding protein (hnRNP), not the mammalian HDGFL1 gene ortholog (which is a PWWP-domain nuclear protein). EXCLUDE (symbol collision).\n\n**Gene2pubmed papers:**\n\n- PMID:14702039 — cDNA sequencing paper; no mechanistic findings. EXCLUDE.\n- PMID:21873635 — GO annotation methods paper. EXCLUDE.\n- PMID:16344560 — Alternative promoter identification; no mechanistic data on HDGFL1. EXCLUDE.\n- PMID:25224454 — GWAS of iron traits; HDGFL1 mentioned as nearest gene to a SNP. EXCLUDE (association only).\n- PMID:36724073 — CRISPR screens for tetraspanins; no mention of HDGFL1 mechanism. EXCLUDE.\n- PMID:37249651 — About TRIM21/PEPCK1/FASN. EXCLUDE (different gene).\n- PMID:25742292 — GWAS of parity; HDGFL1 mentioned as nearest gene. EXCLUDE (association only).\n- PMID:20509080 — Case report of microdeletion at 6p22.3 encompassing one gene. No mechanistic data. EXCLUDE.\n\n**Only PMID:10462493 is KEPT.**\n\n```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 1999,\n      \"finding\": \"HDGFL1 (HRP-1, hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein 1), a member of the HDGF gene family, is expressed in a testis-specific manner in mice. Its mRNA and protein are detected exclusively in the nuclei of germ cells (not somatic cells), with expression from pachytene spermatocyte through round spermatid stages. HRP-1 expression is absent in the ovary and is not detected in the testes of cryptorchid mice or certain azoospermic mutant mouse strains, indicating a role specifically in the meiotic/post-meiotic phases of spermatogenesis.\",\n      \"method\": \"Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry on normal and azoospermic mouse testes\",\n      \"journal\": \"Biochemical and biophysical research communications\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 — direct localization by immunohistochemistry and expression analysis by Northern blot in multiple genetic models; single lab, single study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"10462493\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"HDGFL1 (HRP-1), a member of the HDGF gene family, localizes to the nuclei of male germ cells in a testis-specific manner and is expressed from pachytene spermatocyte through round spermatid, implicating it in a nuclear role during meiotic cell division in spermatogenesis.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"HDGFL1 (HRP-1) is a testis-specific member of the HDGF gene family whose protein localizes exclusively to germ cell nuclei from the pachytene spermatocyte through round spermatid stages, implicating it in meiotic progression during spermatogenesis [PMID:10462493]. Its expression is absent in cryptorchid and certain mutant azoospermic mouse testes, linking it to active germ cell development [PMID:10462493]. No binding partners, enzymatic activity, or downstream pathway have been established.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 1999,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing that HDGFL1 is a testis-specific nuclear protein of germ cells resolved its tissue distribution and cell-type specificity within the male germline, and its absence in azoospermic models linked it to active meiotic germ cell stages.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Northern blot and immunohistochemistry in normal, cryptorchid, and mutant azoospermic mouse testes\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"10462493\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Single-lab observation not independently replicated\",\n        \"No functional assay (knockout or knockdown) to test requirement for meiotic progression\",\n        \"No binding partners or biochemical activity identified\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The molecular function of HDGFL1 remains entirely uncharacterized: it is unknown whether it binds DNA or chromatin, has enzymatic activity, or is required for any specific step of spermatogenesis.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No loss-of-function model to assess fertility or meiotic phenotype\",\n        \"No structural or biochemical characterization\",\n        \"No identified interacting partners or downstream targets\"\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005634\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-1474165\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [],\n    \"other_free_text\": []\n  }\n}\n```\n\n--- ROUND 2 (R2/R3, augmented corpus) ---\n\n```json\n{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"HDGFL1 (also known as HRP-1) is a testis-specific member of the HDGF family whose expression is restricted to the nuclei of male germ cells from the pachytene spermatocyte through the round spermatid stage, implicating it in nuclear functions during meiotic and early post-meiotic spermatogenesis [PMID:10462493]. Its absence in ovarian tissue, in cryptorchid testes, and in certain azoospermic mutant mouse strains links it specifically to active male germ-cell differentiation rather than somatic testicular function [PMID:10462493]. The precise molecular activity of HDGFL1 within the germ-cell nucleus remains uncharacterized.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 1999,\n      \"claim\": \"The first characterization of HDGFL1 established that, unlike the broadly expressed HDGF, this paralog is confined to male germ-cell nuclei during meiosis and early spermiogenesis, answering whether HDGF-family members have tissue-restricted roles.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Northern blot and immunohistochemistry on normal, cryptorchid, and azoospermic mutant mouse testes\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"10462493\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Single-study observation not independently replicated\",\n        \"No loss-of-function experiment to determine whether HDGFL1 is required for spermatogenesis\",\n        \"Molecular activity (e.g., DNA/chromatin binding, growth factor signaling) not investigated\"\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The molecular function of HDGFL1 in germ-cell nuclei — whether it acts as a chromatin regulator, transcription factor, or growth factor — and whether its loss causes male infertility remain entirely open questions.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No knockout or knockdown phenotype reported\",\n        \"No binding partners or target genes identified\",\n        \"No structural or biochemical characterization of the PWWP/HATH domain in HDGFL1\"\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005634\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-1474165\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [],\n    \"other_free_text\": []\n  }\n}\n```"}