{"gene":"CWC15","run_date":"2026-06-09T22:57:19","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2010,"finding":"CWC15 (AD002) is a component of the human Prp19/CDC5L complex, which contains hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, AD002 (CWC15), SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73. Native complexes were purified from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged AD002, revealing the complex contains four copies of hPrp19 and has an elongated, asymmetric shape (~20 nm). A stable core comprised of CDC5L, hPrp19, PRL1, and SPF27 was identified by salt treatment.","method":"Affinity purification of FLAG-tagged AD002 from HeLa cells, stoichiometric analysis, salt fractionation, limited proteolysis, electron microscopy","journal":"Molecular and cellular biology","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Strong — reciprocal affinity purification with multiple orthogonal methods (stoichiometry, proteolysis, EM) in a focused mechanistic study","pmids":["20176811"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2015,"finding":"CTNNBL1 directly enhances the association of CWC15 with CDC5L in vitro, and there is an overlapping region on CDC5L that binds either CTNNBL1 or CWC15, suggesting the two proteins may exchange places in the Prp19 complex. In vivo, CTNNBL1 is required to maintain normal levels of the Prp19 complex and to facilitate the interaction of CWC15 with CDC5L, identifying a chaperone function for CTNNBL1 in maintaining Prp19 complex integrity.","method":"Amine crosslinking and hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry, in vitro binding assays, CTNNBL1-deficient cell lines, co-immunoprecipitation","journal":"Nucleic acids research","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — multiple orthogonal methods (HDX-MS, in vitro binding, in vivo co-IP in KO cells) in a single focused study","pmids":["26130721"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2024,"finding":"In yeast, Cwc15 (the ortholog of human CWC15) is a nonessential Prp19C-associated protein required for: (1) the interaction of Prp19C with RNA polymerase II, (2) TREX occupancy at transcribed genes, and (3) transcription elongation. Cwc15 functions in the Prp19C-TREX interaction and genetically interacts with the transcription elongation factor Dst1. Epistasis analysis showed Δcwc15 and Δsyf2 have a genetic interaction, with partially overlapping but distinct functions.","method":"Yeast genetics (deletion mutants), ChIP, co-immunoprecipitation, genetic interaction/epistasis analysis","journal":"RNA (New York, N.Y.)","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — ChIP and co-IP with genetic epistasis in yeast, single lab, multiple methods","pmids":["38627018"],"is_preprint":false},{"year":2021,"finding":"In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, MoCwf15 (ortholog of CWC15) localizes to the nucleus via a nuclear localization signal (NLS), physically interacts with Prp19-associated splicing factors MoCwf4, MoSsa1, and MoCyp1, negatively regulates protein accumulation of MoCyp1 and MoCwf4, and is required for proper intron splicing of ~400 genes. Deletion of MoCWF15 causes aberrant splicing of genes involved in fungal development and virulence. The NLS sequence (but not predicted phosphorylation or sumoylation sites) was essential for MoCwf15 biological function.","method":"Gene deletion, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular localization (GFP fusion), mutagenesis of NLS/phosphorylation/sumoylation sites, RNA-seq splicing analysis","journal":"Environmental microbiology","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — multiple methods (co-IP, live imaging localization, mutagenesis, RNA-seq) in a single focused study on fungal ortholog","pmids":["34056823"],"is_preprint":false}],"current_model":"CWC15 (also known as AD002/HSPC148) is a component of the conserved Prp19/CDC5L spliceosomal complex, where it associates with CDC5L in a manner facilitated by CTNNBL1, which acts as a chaperone to maintain Prp19 complex integrity and efficient splicing; beyond splicing, the yeast ortholog Cwc15 also functions in transcription elongation by mediating the interaction of Prp19C with RNA polymerase II and ensuring TREX occupancy at transcribed genes."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"CWC15 (also known as AD002/HSPC148) is a stable component of the conserved Prp19/CDC5L spliceosomal complex that supports pre-mRNA splicing and, through its orthologs, couples the Prp19 complex to transcription [PMID:20176811, PMID:38627018]. In humans, CWC15 co-purifies with hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73 as part of an elongated, asymmetric assembly built around a salt-stable core of CDC5L, hPrp19, PRL1, and SPF27 [PMID:20176811]. Its incorporation is governed by CTNNBL1, which directly enhances the association of CWC15 with CDC5L and competes for an overlapping binding region on CDC5L, such that CTNNBL1 acts as a chaperone maintaining Prp19 complex integrity and CWC15-CDC5L contact in vivo [PMID:26130721]. Work in the rice blast fungus and budding yeast extends the function beyond core splicing: the ortholog localizes to the nucleus via an essential NLS, interacts with Prp19-associated splicing factors, and is required for proper intron splicing of hundreds of genes [PMID:34056823], while yeast Cwc15 mediates the interaction of Prp19C with RNA polymerase II, ensures TREX occupancy at transcribed genes, and promotes transcription elongation [PMID:38627018].","teleology":[{"year":2010,"claim":"Established that CWC15 is a bona fide subunit of the human Prp19/CDC5L complex and defined the architecture and stable core of that complex, placing CWC15 within the splicing machinery.","evidence":"Affinity purification of FLAG-tagged AD002 from HeLa cells with stoichiometric analysis, salt fractionation, limited proteolysis, and electron microscopy","pmids":["20176811"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Does not define CWC15's specific contact partners within the complex","No functional role for CWC15 in splicing chemistry assigned","Position of CWC15 relative to the salt-stable core unresolved"]},{"year":2015,"claim":"Answered how CWC15 is incorporated into the Prp19 complex by identifying CTNNBL1 as a chaperone that promotes CWC15-CDC5L binding via an overlapping site on CDC5L.","evidence":"Amine crosslinking and HDX coupled to mass spectrometry, in vitro binding assays, and co-immunoprecipitation in CTNNBL1-deficient cells","pmids":["26130721"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Mechanism of the proposed CTNNBL1/CWC15 exchange on CDC5L not directly demonstrated","Consequences for splicing of disrupted CWC15-CDC5L contact not quantified","Structural basis of the overlapping binding region not resolved at atomic detail"]},{"year":2021,"claim":"Showed that the CWC15 ortholog is required for genome-wide intron splicing and for development/virulence, and mapped its function to an NLS-dependent nuclear role with regulatory effects on partner abundance.","evidence":"Gene deletion, co-immunoprecipitation, GFP-fusion localization, NLS/phospho/sumoylation site mutagenesis, and RNA-seq splicing analysis in Magnaporthe oryzae","pmids":["34056823"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Mechanism by which MoCwf15 negatively regulates MoCyp1/MoCwf4 accumulation unknown","Findings in fungal ortholog not confirmed for human CWC15","How splicing defects translate to virulence phenotypes unresolved"]},{"year":2024,"claim":"Revealed a transcription-coupled function for the CWC15 ortholog, linking Prp19C to RNA polymerase II and TREX-dependent transcription elongation beyond its splicing role.","evidence":"Yeast deletion mutants with ChIP, co-immunoprecipitation, and genetic epistasis analysis (Dst1, Syf2)","pmids":["38627018"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Whether human CWC15 mediates a comparable Prp19C-Pol II/TREX link untested","Direct versus indirect basis of the Prp19C-Pol II interaction not separated","Molecular nature of the Cwc15-dependent TREX recruitment unknown"]},{"year":null,"claim":"How CWC15's role in spliceosome assembly is mechanistically coordinated with transcription elongation in human cells, and what its precise catalytic or scaffolding contribution within Prp19C is, remain open.","evidence":"No discovery in the timeline directly assigns a human transcription-coupling function or a molecular activity to CWC15","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No defined biochemical activity for CWC15 itself","Transcription-elongation role demonstrated only in yeast ortholog","No structural model of CWC15 within the human spliceosome"]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[{"term_id":"GO:0005634","term_label":"nucleus","supporting_discovery_ids":[3]}],"pathway":[{"term_id":"R-HSA-8953854","term_label":"Metabolism of RNA","supporting_discovery_ids":[0,3]},{"term_id":"R-HSA-74160","term_label":"Gene expression (Transcription)","supporting_discovery_ids":[2]}],"complexes":["Prp19/CDC5L complex (Prp19C)"],"partners":["CDC5L","CTNNBL1","PRP19","PRL1","SPF27"],"other_free_text":[]}},"prefetch_data":{"uniprot":{"accession":"Q9P013","full_name":"Spliceosome-associated protein CWC15 homolog","aliases":[],"length_aa":229,"mass_kda":26.6,"function":"Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:28076346, PubMed:28502770). Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that forms an integral part of the spliceosome and is required for activating pre-mRNA splicing. As a component of the minor spliceosome, involved in the splicing of U12-type introns in pre-mRNAs (Probable)","subcellular_location":"Nucleus","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9P013/entry"},"depmap":{"release":"DepMap","has_data":true,"is_common_essential":true,"resolved_as":"","url":"https://depmap.org/portal/gene/CWC15","classification":"Common Essential","n_dependent_lines":46,"n_total_lines":74,"dependency_fraction":0.6216216216216216},"opencell":{"profiled":false,"resolved_as":"","ensg_id":"","cell_line_id":"","localizations":[],"interactors":[{"gene":"CTNNBL1","stoichiometry":10.0},{"gene":"CPSF6","stoichiometry":0.2},{"gene":"PRPF19","stoichiometry":0.2},{"gene":"RBM39","stoichiometry":0.2},{"gene":"SF3A1","stoichiometry":0.2},{"gene":"SF3B1","stoichiometry":0.2},{"gene":"SNRPA","stoichiometry":0.2},{"gene":"SNRPB","stoichiometry":0.2},{"gene":"SNRPC","stoichiometry":0.2},{"gene":"TOP1","stoichiometry":0.2}],"url":"https://opencell.sf.czbiohub.org/search/CWC15","total_profiled":1310},"omim":[{"mim_id":"621501","title":"CWC15, SPLICEOSOME-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; CWC15","url":"https://www.omim.org/entry/621501"},{"mim_id":"611537","title":"CATENIN, BETA-LIKE, 1; CTNNBL1","url":"https://www.omim.org/entry/611537"},{"mim_id":"602868","title":"CELL DIVISION CYCLE 5-LIKE; CDC5L","url":"https://www.omim.org/entry/602868"}],"hpa":{"profiled":true,"resolved_as":"","reliability":"Supported","locations":[{"location":"Nuclear speckles","reliability":"Supported"},{"location":"Mitochondria","reliability":"Additional"}],"tissue_specificity":"Low tissue specificity","tissue_distribution":"Detected in all","driving_tissues":[],"url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/search/CWC15"},"hgnc":{"alias_symbol":["C11orf5","HSPC148","Cwf15","AD002"],"prev_symbol":[]},"alphafold":{"accession":"Q9P013","domains":[{"cath_id":"1.20.5","chopping":"127-166","consensus_level":"medium","plddt":79.261,"start":127,"end":166}],"viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q9P013","model_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q9P013-F1-model_v6.cif","pae_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/files/AF-Q9P013-F1-predicted_aligned_error_v6.png","plddt_mean":74.88},"mouse_models":{"mgi_url":"https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/summary?nomen=CWC15","jax_strain_url":"https://www.jax.org/strain/search?query=CWC15"},"sequence":{"accession":"Q9P013","fasta_url":"https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9P013.fasta","uniprot_url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9P013/entry","alphafold_viewer_url":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q9P013"}},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"20176811","id":"PMC_20176811","title":"Molecular architecture of the human Prp19/CDC5L complex.","date":"2010","source":"Molecular and cellular biology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20176811","citation_count":113,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"23349982","id":"PMC_23349982","title":"Identification of a nonsense mutation in CWC15 associated with decreased reproductive efficiency in Jersey cattle.","date":"2013","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23349982","citation_count":75,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"31761539","id":"PMC_31761539","title":"Effect of vitrification temperature and cryoprotectant concentrations on the mRNA transcriptome of bovine mature oocytes after vitrifying at immature stage.","date":"2019","source":"Theriogenology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31761539","citation_count":21,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"26130721","id":"PMC_26130721","title":"CTNNBL1 facilitates the association of CWC15 with CDC5L and is required to maintain the abundance of the Prp19 spliceosomal complex.","date":"2015","source":"Nucleic acids research","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26130721","citation_count":18,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"34241569","id":"PMC_34241569","title":"A functional genomic approach to identify reference genes for human pancreatic beta cell real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis.","date":"2021","source":"Islets","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34241569","citation_count":16,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"34056823","id":"PMC_34056823","title":"Prp19-associated splicing factor Cwf15 regulates fungal virulence and development in the rice blast fungus.","date":"2021","source":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34056823","citation_count":13,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"18828023","id":"PMC_18828023","title":"Immunoscreening of urinary bladder cancer cDNA library and identification of potential tumor antigen.","date":"2008","source":"World journal of 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Gene regulatory mechanisms","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41638360","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":11579,"output_tokens":1362,"usd":0.027584,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":7998,"output_tokens":2081,"usd":0.046007,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.073591,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01ACAxJQabDsht39JXeWG22d","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01QEU22A9U5sbPTgsMzTmvSf","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"finding\": \"CWC15 (AD002) is a component of the human Prp19/CDC5L complex, which contains hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, AD002 (CWC15), SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73. Native complexes were purified from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged AD002, revealing the complex contains four copies of hPrp19 and has an elongated, asymmetric shape (~20 nm). A stable core comprised of CDC5L, hPrp19, PRL1, and SPF27 was identified by salt treatment.\",\n      \"method\": \"Affinity purification of FLAG-tagged AD002 from HeLa cells, stoichiometric analysis, salt fractionation, limited proteolysis, electron microscopy\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular and cellular biology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Strong — reciprocal affinity purification with multiple orthogonal methods (stoichiometry, proteolysis, EM) in a focused mechanistic study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20176811\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"finding\": \"CTNNBL1 directly enhances the association of CWC15 with CDC5L in vitro, and there is an overlapping region on CDC5L that binds either CTNNBL1 or CWC15, suggesting the two proteins may exchange places in the Prp19 complex. In vivo, CTNNBL1 is required to maintain normal levels of the Prp19 complex and to facilitate the interaction of CWC15 with CDC5L, identifying a chaperone function for CTNNBL1 in maintaining Prp19 complex integrity.\",\n      \"method\": \"Amine crosslinking and hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry, in vitro binding assays, CTNNBL1-deficient cell lines, co-immunoprecipitation\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nucleic acids research\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — multiple orthogonal methods (HDX-MS, in vitro binding, in vivo co-IP in KO cells) in a single focused study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26130721\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2024,\n      \"finding\": \"In yeast, Cwc15 (the ortholog of human CWC15) is a nonessential Prp19C-associated protein required for: (1) the interaction of Prp19C with RNA polymerase II, (2) TREX occupancy at transcribed genes, and (3) transcription elongation. Cwc15 functions in the Prp19C-TREX interaction and genetically interacts with the transcription elongation factor Dst1. Epistasis analysis showed Δcwc15 and Δsyf2 have a genetic interaction, with partially overlapping but distinct functions.\",\n      \"method\": \"Yeast genetics (deletion mutants), ChIP, co-immunoprecipitation, genetic interaction/epistasis analysis\",\n      \"journal\": \"RNA (New York, N.Y.)\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — ChIP and co-IP with genetic epistasis in yeast, single lab, multiple methods\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38627018\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2021,\n      \"finding\": \"In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, MoCwf15 (ortholog of CWC15) localizes to the nucleus via a nuclear localization signal (NLS), physically interacts with Prp19-associated splicing factors MoCwf4, MoSsa1, and MoCyp1, negatively regulates protein accumulation of MoCyp1 and MoCwf4, and is required for proper intron splicing of ~400 genes. Deletion of MoCWF15 causes aberrant splicing of genes involved in fungal development and virulence. The NLS sequence (but not predicted phosphorylation or sumoylation sites) was essential for MoCwf15 biological function.\",\n      \"method\": \"Gene deletion, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular localization (GFP fusion), mutagenesis of NLS/phosphorylation/sumoylation sites, RNA-seq splicing analysis\",\n      \"journal\": \"Environmental microbiology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — multiple methods (co-IP, live imaging localization, mutagenesis, RNA-seq) in a single focused study on fungal ortholog\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"34056823\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"CWC15 (also known as AD002/HSPC148) is a component of the conserved Prp19/CDC5L spliceosomal complex, where it associates with CDC5L in a manner facilitated by CTNNBL1, which acts as a chaperone to maintain Prp19 complex integrity and efficient splicing; beyond splicing, the yeast ortholog Cwc15 also functions in transcription elongation by mediating the interaction of Prp19C with RNA polymerase II and ensuring TREX occupancy at transcribed genes.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"CWC15 (also known as AD002/HSPC148) is a stable component of the conserved Prp19/CDC5L spliceosomal complex that supports pre-mRNA splicing and, through its orthologs, couples the Prp19 complex to transcription [#0, #2]. In humans, CWC15 co-purifies with hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73 as part of an elongated, asymmetric assembly built around a salt-stable core of CDC5L, hPrp19, PRL1, and SPF27 [#0]. Its incorporation is governed by CTNNBL1, which directly enhances the association of CWC15 with CDC5L and competes for an overlapping binding region on CDC5L, such that CTNNBL1 acts as a chaperone maintaining Prp19 complex integrity and CWC15-CDC5L contact in vivo [#1]. Work in the rice blast fungus and budding yeast extends the function beyond core splicing: the ortholog localizes to the nucleus via an essential NLS, interacts with Prp19-associated splicing factors, and is required for proper intron splicing of hundreds of genes [#3], while yeast Cwc15 mediates the interaction of Prp19C with RNA polymerase II, ensures TREX occupancy at transcribed genes, and promotes transcription elongation [#2].\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"claim\": \"Established that CWC15 is a bona fide subunit of the human Prp19/CDC5L complex and defined the architecture and stable core of that complex, placing CWC15 within the splicing machinery.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Affinity purification of FLAG-tagged AD002 from HeLa cells with stoichiometric analysis, salt fractionation, limited proteolysis, and electron microscopy\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20176811\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Does not define CWC15's specific contact partners within the complex\", \"No functional role for CWC15 in splicing chemistry assigned\", \"Position of CWC15 relative to the salt-stable core unresolved\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"claim\": \"Answered how CWC15 is incorporated into the Prp19 complex by identifying CTNNBL1 as a chaperone that promotes CWC15-CDC5L binding via an overlapping site on CDC5L.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Amine crosslinking and HDX coupled to mass spectrometry, in vitro binding assays, and co-immunoprecipitation in CTNNBL1-deficient cells\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26130721\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Mechanism of the proposed CTNNBL1/CWC15 exchange on CDC5L not directly demonstrated\", \"Consequences for splicing of disrupted CWC15-CDC5L contact not quantified\", \"Structural basis of the overlapping binding region not resolved at atomic detail\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2021,\n      \"claim\": \"Showed that the CWC15 ortholog is required for genome-wide intron splicing and for development/virulence, and mapped its function to an NLS-dependent nuclear role with regulatory effects on partner abundance.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Gene deletion, co-immunoprecipitation, GFP-fusion localization, NLS/phospho/sumoylation site mutagenesis, and RNA-seq splicing analysis in Magnaporthe oryzae\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"34056823\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Mechanism by which MoCwf15 negatively regulates MoCyp1/MoCwf4 accumulation unknown\", \"Findings in fungal ortholog not confirmed for human CWC15\", \"How splicing defects translate to virulence phenotypes unresolved\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2024,\n      \"claim\": \"Revealed a transcription-coupled function for the CWC15 ortholog, linking Prp19C to RNA polymerase II and TREX-dependent transcription elongation beyond its splicing role.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Yeast deletion mutants with ChIP, co-immunoprecipitation, and genetic epistasis analysis (Dst1, Syf2)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38627018\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Whether human CWC15 mediates a comparable Prp19C-Pol II/TREX link untested\", \"Direct versus indirect basis of the Prp19C-Pol II interaction not separated\", \"Molecular nature of the Cwc15-dependent TREX recruitment unknown\"]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"How CWC15's role in spliceosome assembly is mechanistically coordinated with transcription elongation in human cells, and what its precise catalytic or scaffolding contribution within Prp19C is, remain open.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"No discovery in the timeline directly assigns a human transcription-coupling function or a molecular activity to CWC15\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No defined biochemical activity for CWC15 itself\", \"Transcription-elongation role demonstrated only in yeast ortholog\", \"No structural model of CWC15 within the human spliceosome\"]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005634\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-8953854\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 3]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"R-HSA-74160\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [2]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\"Prp19/CDC5L complex (Prp19C)\"],\n    \"partners\": [\"CDC5L\", \"CTNNBL1\", \"PRP19\", \"PRL1\", \"SPF27\"],\n    \"other_free_text\": []\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"evaluation":{"pairwise":"win","faith_supported":4,"faith_total":4,"faith_pct":100.0}}